Nopsma, Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit & Bonaldo, 2020

Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Bonaldo, Alexandre B., 2020, Revision of the spider genus Nyetnops Platnick & Lise (Araneae: Caponiidae) with proposition of the new genus Nopsma, from Central and South America, Zootaxa 4751 (3), pp. 461-486 : 474-475

Nopsma new genus

Type species: Nopsma juchuy ( Dupérré, 2014)

Other species included. Nopsma enriquei n. sp., N. armandoi n. sp. and N. florencia n. sp.

Etymology. The generic name is the equivalent in Latin to the expression “there’s no Nops ”, analogously constructed as the negative substantives usually employed in the language Ocaina, Witoto linguistic family, still spoken in Peruvian and Colombian Amazonia. Gender neutral.

Diagnosis. Members of Nopsma n. gen. can be distinguished from non-nopine genera by having subsegmented tarsi ( Figs 12K ; 13 F–G) and from other two-eyed nopinae , except Nyetnops , by the absence of crista and arolium on anterior metatarsi ( Fig. 13A ); they differ from Nyetnops by the presence of a gladius and by the shape of endites, without projected outer sides on anterior margin ( Figs 12E ; 15G ; 17E ; 19F ); whereas in Nyetnops the endites anterior margin are round and slightly projected ( Figs 1F ; 2 I–J; 19D). In addition, males of Nopsma are distinguished from Nyetnops by the globose tegulum with elongated, prolaterally protruded embolus ( Figs 11 B–C; 15B–D; 17B– C, 18B–C). Females are presently known from a single species, but the straight proximal margin of receptaculum ( Fig. 16J ) may be diagnostic, since in Nyetnops the proximal margin is slightly concave on both known species ( Fig. 10 A–B. Also in the Nopsma female the sclerotization around spiracles reach the anterior side of anterior spiracles ( Fig. 16J ), a feature absent in both species of Nyetnops known by females.

Description. Small caponiids with only two eyes ( Figs 11A ; 15A, F, H ; 17A ; 18A ). Carapace orange-brown with weak to remarkable pattern, broadly oval, almost sub-circular, widest at front of coxa II, anteriorly narrowed to less than half its maximum width ( Fig. 15F ). Pars cephalica flattened behind ocular area; pars thoracica strong sloping posteriorly ( Fig. 12A ); without submarginal depressions opposite intercoxal spaces; thoracic groove almost obsolete or absent. Anterior median eyes dark, situated on slightly elevated black tubercle, separated by about a half of its diameter, set back from anterior margin of clypeus by about twice their diameter ( Fig. 12 B–C). Chelicerae pale brown, with median lamina; most of distance between lamina and fang base occupied by white membranous lobe ( Fig. 12 H–I); cheliceral paturon with scattered, long, weak bristles; ectal side with stridulatory ridges ( Fig. 12J ). Endites pale orange except for anterior tips, with a white membranous projection, wide, without projected outer sides on anterior margin ( Fig. 19F ), convergent along midline, but not touching ( Figs 12E ; 15G ; 17E ; 18E ), covered with scattered long setae, and with strong distal serrula consisting of single tooth row ( Fig. 12 F–G). Labium pale orange, slightly pentagonal, with broad base, fused to sternum along posterior groove ( Figs 11F ; 15G ; 17E ; 18E ), reborded in apical part ( Fig. 12 E–F). Sternum orange, broadly oval, surface with fine reticular lines with numerous long, stiff setae ( Figs 11F ; 15G ; 17E ; 18E ); pleural membrane with two sclerotized intercoxal extensions between coxae II and III, and III and IV, long precoxal triangles on coxae II, III and IV ( Figs 11F ; 15G ; 17E ; 18E ). Legs orange, coxae pale orange, formula 4123, without spines; femora and tibiae very enlarged ( Fig. 13F ); metatarsi entire, with dorsal metatarsal stopper ( Fig. 13H ), anterior lacking crista but preserving the gladius ( Figs 12 K–L; 13A); all tarsi bisegmented ( Figs 12K ; 13 F–G); tarsi with three claws; paired claws usually with 8–11 teeth, most distal of which are largest ( Fig. 13B, I, L ); unpaired claws short on all legs ( Fig. 13B, C, I ); ventral frictional setae on tarsi ( Fig. 13B, C, I ) and several other setae around pretarsal claws. Tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with trichobothria in a single row, bases with semicircular rim bearing slight longitudinal ridges ( Fig. 13J ), tarsal organ exposed, roundish, with marginal ring slightly pronounced ( Fig. 13K ). Male and female palpal tarsus elongated, without claw, ventralprolateral surfaces densely covered with strong modified setae ( Figs 11B ; 14A ; 15C ; 16A ; 17B ; 18B ); with a pad of fine chemoreceptor setae on dorsal, distal part, with a tibial brush on the prolateral side of palp, near distal end ( Fig. 14B ); pick on prolateral side of palpal femur, situated near proximal end of podomere ( Fig. 14C ). Abdomen gray dorsally, lighter ventrally, with only slightly sclerotized epigastric and postepigastric scuta; abdominal pattern slightly outlined ( Figs 15A, H ; 16A ) or unnoticeable ( Fig. 18A ); with two pairs of respiratory spiracles clustered around epigastric groove ( Fig. 15I ); anterior spiracles leading to wide, short tracheal trunk ending in numerous long tracheoles; posterior spiracles leading to two large tracheal trunks extending anteriorly into prosoma, plus one or two much narrower trunk extending posteriorly for most of abdominal length and several short, small tracheoles extending posteriorly ( Fig. 15J ). Six spinnerets in typical caponiid arrangement, ALS with one major ampullate gland spigot, PMS with five spigots, and PLS with multiple spigots. Male palpal tibia excavated ventrally ( Figs 14A ; 16A ); cymbium elongated, not swollen, tip pointed ( Figs 11 B–C; 14A; 15B–D; 16A; 17B–C); tegulum globose originating near base of cymbium ( Figs 11C ; 15D ; 17C ; 18C ), embolus elongated with a keel bordering the tip ( Figs 14 D–F; 16B–E). External female genitalia with anterior plate slightly sclerotized ( Fig. 15I ); strongly sclerotized around spiracles and laterals extension ( Fig. 15I ). Internal female genitalia consisting of transverse, anteriorly directed, slightly sclerotized receptaculum (re) with straight distal and proximal margins ( Fig. 16J ), and a membranous uterus externus which usually extends anteriorly over the receptaculum ( Figs 15J ; 16 G–J).

Distribution. Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Nicaragua ( Fig. 18G ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise. A–F Male (IBSP 151469); G–I Female (IBSP 154310). A Habitus, dorsal view. B Left palp, prolateral view. C Left palp, retrolateral view. D Habitus, ventral view. E Prosoma, dorsal view. F Same, ventral view. G Habitus, dorsal view. H External genital area, ventral view. I Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bar: A, D, G (1mm); B, C, E, F, H, I (0.5mm).Abbreviations: ap—anterior plate, ess—external sclerotization around spiracles, go—genital opening, pp—posterior plate, re—receptaculum.

FIGURE 2. Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise, male (IBSP 126553). A Left tarsus I, prolateral view. B Left pretarsus IV, retrolateral view. C Right trochanter II, ventral view. D Tarsal organ on leg IV, dorsal view. E Trichobothria on metatarsus IV, dorsal view. F Spinnerets, apical view. G Chelicera, lateral oblique view. H Prosoma, ventral view. I Labium and endites, ventral view. J Mouthparts, ventral oblique view. K Right serrula, ventral view. L Labium, ventral view. Abbreviations: aj—adesmatic joints, os—outer sides on anterior margin of endites.

FIGURE 10. A–B Drawings of female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25mm.A Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise. B Nyet- nops naylienae n. sp. C Distribution map of Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise (circles), Nyetnops buruti n. sp. (stars) Nyetnops lachonta n. sp. (square) and Nyetnops naylienae n. sp. (triangle). Abbreviations: as—anterior tracheal spiracles, dmr—distal margin of receptaculum, ap—anterior plate, ess—external sclerotization around spiracles, pmr—proximal margin of receptaculum, pp—posterior plate, ps—posterior tracheal spiracles, re—receptaculum, ue—uterus externus.

FIGURE 11. Nopsma enriquei n. sp., male (IBSP 89352). A Habitus, dorsal view. B Left palp, prolateral view. C Left palp, retrolateral view. D Habitus, ventral view. E Prosoma, dorsal view. F Same, ventral view. Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE 12. Nopsma enriquei n. sp., male (IBSP 249864). A Prosoma, lateral view. B Same, anterior view. C Clypeus and eyes, anterior oblique view. D Prosoma, ventral view. E Labium and endites, ventral view. F Serrula, ventral view. G Same, anterior view. H Chelicerae, ventral view. I Same, posterior oblique view. J Same, lateral oblique view. K Left leg I, retrolateral view. L Same, joint of tarsus and metatarsus, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: gl—gladius.

FIGURE 13. Nopsma enriquei n. sp., male (IBSP 249864). A–E Left leg I; F–K Left leg IV; L Right leg IV.A Gladius, retrolateral view. B Tarsal claws, retrolateral oblique view. C Unpaired claw, retrolateral oblique view. D Base of trichobothria, dorsal view. E Tarsal organ, dorsal oblique view. F Leg IV, prolateral view. G Tarsus, prolateral view. H Joint of tarsus and metatarsus, prolateral view. I Tarsal claws, prolateral view. J Base of trichobothria, dorsal view. K Tarsal organ, dorsal view. L Tarsal claws, anterior oblique view.Abbreviations: dms—dorsal metatarsal stopper, gl—gladius.

FIGURE 14. Nopsma enriquei n. sp., male (IBSP 249864). A Left palp, prolateral view. B Apical section of tibia showing the tibial brush, prolateral view. C Stridulatory pick, prolateral view. D Embolus tip, prolateral view. E Same, prolateral oblique view. F Same, retrolateral oblique view. Abbreviations: cb—copulatory bulb; ptb—prolateral tibial brush.

FIGURE 15. Nopsma juchuy (Dupérré) n. comb. A–G male (QCAZ, not type); H–J female (QCAZ, not type). A Habitus, dorsal view. B Left palp, prolateral view. C Left palp, ventral view. D Left palp, retrolateral view. E Habitus, ventral view. F Prosoma, dorsal view. G Same, ventral view. H Habitus, dorsal view. I External genital area, ventral view. J Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bar: A, D, G (1mm); B, C, E, F, H, I, J (0.5mm). Abbreviations: ap—anterior plate, ess—external sclerotization around spiracles, go—genital opening, pp—posterior plate, re—receptaculum.

FIGURE 16. Nopsma juchuy (Dupérré) n. comb. A–F male (QCAZ, not type); G–J female (QCAZ, not type). A Left palp, prolateral view. B Embolus, ventral view. C Tip of embolus, prolateral view. D Tip of embolus, retrolateral view. E Same, ventral oblique view. F Stridulatory pick, prolateral view. G Internal genitalia, dorsal view. H Receptaculum and uterus exterrnus, dorsal view. I Same, anterior view. J Draw of female internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as—anterior tracheal spiracles; dmr—distal margin of receptaculum; ap—anterior plate; ess—external sclerotization around spiracles; pmr—proximal margin of receptaculum; pp—posterior plate; ps—posterior tracheal spiracles; re—receptaculum; ue—uterus externus.

FIGURE 17. Nopsma armandoi n. sp., male holotype (MCZ 125597). A Habitus, dorsal view. B Left palp, prolateral view. C Left palp, retrolateral view. D Habitus, ventral view. E Prosoma, ventral view. F Embolus, prolateral view. Scale bar: A, D (1mm); B–C, E–F (0.5mm).

FIGURE 18. A–F Nopsma florencia n. sp., male holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view. B Left palp, prolateral view. C Left palp, retrolateral view. D Habitus, ventral view. E Prosoma, ventral view. F Same, dorsal view. Scale bar: A, D (1mm); B–C, E–F (0.5mm). G Distribution map of Nopsma juchuy (Dupérré) n. comb., circle (Ecuador); Nopsma enriquei n. sp., square (Peru); Nopsma florencia n. sp., star (Colombia) and Nopsma armandoi n. sp., triangle (Nicaragua).

FIGURE 19. Drawings of Nopinae endites. A Nopsides ceralbonus Chamberlim. B Orthonops ovalis Banks. C Nops gua- nabacoae MacLeay. D Nyetnops guarani Platnick & Lise. E Medionops blades Sánchez-Ruiz & Brescovit. F Nopsma juchuy (Dupérré) n. comb. G Cubanops ludovicorum (Alayón). H Tarsonops ariguanabo (Alayón).