Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2020, Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), Zootaxa 4739 (1), pp. 1-114 : 63

Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930 nomen nudum

Leocrates japonicus Gustafson, 1930: 433 , Textfig. 57 (brain, palp nerves and stomatogastric ganglia), 465, Pl. 23, Figs 1 , 3 (horizontal, longitudinal sections of brain); Orrhage 1996: 140–141, Figs 5 , 9 .

Remarks. Orrhage (1996: 140, footnote) indicated that this species was “unintentionally described by Gustafson (1930).” In order to be available, names published before 1931 must be ( ICZN 1999, Art. 12) “accompanied by a description or a definition of the taxon it denotes, or by an indication” (12.1), and regarding indication, there must be “in association with an illustration” (12.2.7). Gustafson (1930) provided illustrations for the nerve chords in the anterior end, and two histological sections which might be regarded as indications, but no description was provided. Further, because the illustrations are not enough to sort this species out from other species in the genus, it must be regarded as a nomen nudum or indeterminable. The later illustrations by Orrhage (1996: 138, Fig. 1a ) is rather schematic, as the other ones in the same figure, and does not provide diagnostic features either.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Anterior end in dorsal view and exposed pharynx in frontal or oblique ventral view, rearranged after Pettibone (1970). A. Leocrates claparedii (Costa in Claparède, 1868), anterior end. B. Same, exposed pharynx. C. Leocrates oculatus (Treadwell, 1906), anterior end. D. Same, exposed pharynx. E. Leocrates diplognathus (Monro, 1926), anterior end. F. Same, exposed pharynx. G. Leocratides filamentosus Ehlers, 1908. H. Same, exposed pharynx. Scale bars: A, B: 0.4 mm, C, D, F: 0.8 mm, E: 0.3 mm, G, H: 1.0 mm (asterisk indicates nuchal organ; De: denticles; DJ: double jaw; DT: dorsolateral tubercles; LV: lateral vesicle, SJ: single jaw; TJ: transverse jaw) (Images produced by Marian Pettibone; reproduced with permission of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution).

FIGURE 3. Lamprophaea longicirrata (Treadwell, 1902), new combination, non-type specimens, Florida (ECOSUR 3075), prostomia, dorsal view. A. Smallest specimen, 13x2 mm. B. Medium-sized specimen, 32x3.5 mm. C. Large specimen, pharynx slightly exposed, 32x4 mm. D. Small specimen, pharynx exposed, 20x3 mm. Scale bars: A: 0.25 mm, B–C: 0.4 mm, D: 0.30 mm.

FIGURE 5. A. Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885, reinstated, non-type specimen (MNCN 10304), Banco de Galicia, pharynx dissected to show upper (left) and lower (right) jaws. B. Same, upper double jaw, most tissue removed. C. Same, lower transverse jaw, posterior view, note its complete longitudinal fusion. D. Paralamprophaea greeffiana (Augener, 1918) n. comb., non-type specimen (MNHN 372), upper jaw in posterior and lateral views (*: ligament). E. Same, lower jaw in anterior, lateral and posterior views. Scale bars: A: 0.24 mm, B: 0.22 mm, C: 0.27 mm, D: 0.18 mm, E: 0.14 mm.

FIGURE 9. Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885, non-type specimens (MNHN CENTOB Thalassa 1973-417). A. Anterior region, dorsal view. B. Same, anterior end, close-up of anterior end. C. Same, pharynx, oblique frontal view. D. Another specimen, anterior region, dorsal view. E. Same, anterior end, dorsal view. F. Same, pharynx, oblique frontal view. G. Smallest specimen, chaetiger 8, right parapodium, anterior view, MGS (inset: notacicular lobe). H. Same, lower neurochaetal blade. I. Same, upper neurochaetal blade. J. Largest specimen, chaetiger 8, right parapodium, anterior view, MGS. Scale bars: A: 2 mm, B: 0.2 mm, C: 0.8 mm, D: 2.5 mm, E: 1.3 mm, F: 1 mm, G, J: 0.5 mm, H: 30 µm, I: 70 µm.