Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville, 1857

Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio Fiuza, Martins, David Dos Santos, Ferreira, Luciano Santana Fiuza & Fornazier, Maurício José, 2024, Synopsis of Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Atlantic Forest Dominion, Espírito Santo State, Brazil: keys, diagnoses, new species, plant associations, and geographic distribution. Part I: Bryocorinae, Cylapinae and Deraeocorinae., Zootaxa 5468 (2), pp. 201-254 : 224-225

Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville ( Fig. 6-P )

Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus Guérin-Menèville, 1857:404 ; Schuh 2003–2013 (online catalog, hosts, distribution); Knight 1968:77 (biology); Capriles 1969:20 (description); Carvalho & Ferreira 1972:162 (list); Alayo 1974:21 (diagnosis); Carvalho 1980B:647 (diagnosis, type specimen); Hernández & Henry 2010:41 (synonymy, diagnosis, color habitus, male genitalia, host, information); Alvarez-Zapata 2022:134 (diagnosis, key to species of Colombia, host, distribution).

Diagnosis. Overall coloration is black, with areas of pale white and yellowish brown. Body oval or oblong, with silvery spots on the hemelytra. The head with vertex; front with a median line; and the clypeus with black apex. Pronotum disc greatly inflated with weakly grooved on median area. Hemelytra with an enlarged embolium and a pale subbasal spot about twice the length of the smaller apical spot. Male genitalia as figure. 11-K.

Plant Associations. Alvarez-Zapata et al. (2022): Amaranthus sp. ( Amaranthaceae ) ( Ferreira et al. 2001 A), Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. ( Araceae ) (Nogueira et al. 2019A), Lactuca sativa L. ( Asteraceae ), Brassica rapa L. ( Brassicaceae ) (USDA 1941), Ipomoea sp. ( Convolvulaceae ) ( Hernández & Henry 2010), Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai ( Cucurbitaceae ) ( Wehrle 1935), Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. Ex Spach ( Cucurbitaceae ) ( Zimmerman 1948), Cucumis melo L. ( Cucurbitaceae ) ( Wehrle 1935), Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ( Cucurbitaceae ) ( Ferreira et al. 2001), Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitacae), Cucurbita “ sativus ” ( Cucurbitaceae ) ( Hernández & Henry 2010), Phaseolus vulgaris L. ( Fabaceae ) ( Ferreira et al. 2001), Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ( Fabaceae ) (Nogueira et al. 2019A), Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch ( Juglandaceae ) (Life 2019), Saccharum spp . ( Poaceae ) ( Salazar et al. 2017) and Portulaca sp. ( Portulacaceae ) ( Zimmerman 1948).

Distribution. Alvarez-Zapata at al. (2022): Argentina ( Carpintero & Carvalho 1993), Brazil: Espírito Santo (Jerônimo Monteiro ( Vélez et al. 2020), Domingos Martins, Aracruz, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Piaui) Colombia (Nariño, Putumayo) ( Carvalho & Afonso 1977; Alvarez-Zapata at al. 2022), Costa Rica ( Hemp & Konrad 2000), Cuba ( Guérin-Menèville 1857) , Dominican Republic (Carvalho 1951A), Guatemala ( Carvalho & Afonso 1977), Honduras (Carvalho 1951A), Mexico (Alvarez-Zapata at al. 2022), Nicaragua, Panama ( Carvalho & Afonso 1977), Peru ( Carvalho 1991; Carvalho & Ferreira 1972), Puerto Rico, Surinam (Carvalho & Rosas 1965), U.S.A. ( Uhler 1894; Zimmerman 1948), Venezuela ( Cazorla-Perfetti & Morales-Moreno 2019), West Indies (Van Duzze 1917; Uhler 1894).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Tribe Eccritotarsini, A—Cyrtocapsus rostratus, B—Eccritotarsus brotaensis, C—Eccritotarsus carioca, D— Eccritotarsus emboabanus (Modified from Carvalho & Gomes, 1971A, with permission), E—Eccritotarsus hyalinus, F— Eccritotarsus nigrocruciatus, G—Eurychilella discoidalis, H, I—Eurychilella incaperanus n. sp.; J, K—Knightocoris carlosleitei n. sp.; L—Neela lutescens, M—Neofurius capichabensis (Modified from Carvalho & Gomes 1971B, with permission), N— Pachymeroceroides bromeliae (Modified from Carvalho & Gomes 1971C, with permission), O—Pycnoderes cataguasensis, P— Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus, Q—Sinervus baerensprungi, R—Sinervus hyalipedes; S, T—Sinervus vendanovensis n. sp.; U, V— Sinervus venturai n. sp.; W—Spartacus albatus, X—Sysinas pallidipes, Y—Tenthecoris nanus, Z—Tenthecoris orchidearum.