Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (1910: 111)

Scalon, Viviane Renata, Paula-Souza, Juliana De, Lima, Alexandre Gibau De & Souza, Vinicius Castro, 2022, A synopsis of the genus Stryphnodendron (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), Phytotaxa 544 (3), pp. 227-279 : 233-235

1. Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (1910: 111) .

≡ Acacia adstringens Martius (1828: 548) .—Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais. “ Habitat in campus agrestibus, Minas Geraes, Serro Frio ad Tejuco et alibi parfim ”, May, Martius s.n. (holotype M 0218791!)

= Stryphnodendron barbadetiman (Vell.) Martius (1837: 117) “ Stryphnodendron barbatiman” ≡ Mimosa barbadetiman Vellozo (1831 : t.7).—Type: [illustration]. Original parchment plate of Flora fluminensis in the Manuscript Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro [cat. no.: mss1198660_011] and later published in Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. Icones 11: t. 7. 1831 (lectotype, designated here).

Trees (1.5–)2–7(–12) m tall, rhytidome strongly suberous and deeply grooved, trunk tortuous. Leaves with (4–)5– 7(–8) pairs of pinnae; (3)5–6(17) pairs of leaflets; petiolar extrafloral nectary 1, verruciform with an elongated base, usually darkened; leaflets 1.5–3.5(–6) × 1–2.5(–6) cm, usually ovate to widely ovate, sometimes elliptic, distal leaflets usually obovate to obcordate, proximal leaflets commonly orbicular, chartaceous, usually concolor, rarely discolor, glabrous on both surfaces, unilateral tuft of trichomes on the lower surface present. Inflorescences of simple thyrsi, whitish to yellowish; cymulae of geminate to ternate spikes; spikes 10–11(–14) cm long. Flowers monoclinous, rarely diclinous, corolla glabrous, greenish yellow to yellowish-white, rarely white. Fruit a nucoid legume, straight, turgid, non-prominent seeds, valves subcoriaceous, inconspicuously nerved ( Fig. 1D ).

Vernacular names: — Barbatimão, Barba-de-timão, Casca-da-virgindade, Faveira, Barbatimão-Branco ( Brazil).

Distribution and habitat: — S. adstringens is a widely distributed species endemic in Brazil, occurring in the states of Paraná (its southern distribution limit), São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Federal District, Tocantins and Bahia. It is a very characteristic element of the Cerrado domain, mostly in cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão, also occurring in campos cerrados, campos sujos and campos rupestres, predominantly in dry and open habitats.

Not rarely, S. adstringens can also be found in altered areas, such as vacant lands (mainly in allotments formerly occupied by cerrados) and roadsides. Only one specimen is referred to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Garcez s.n.), but it is an individual collected at the university campus and may have been cultivated, although this information is not mentioned on the exsiccate label .

Although Mimosa barbadetiman was fully described at Flora Fluminensis (Vellozo, 1881), the occurrence of this species is not recorded for the state of Rio de Janeiro. According to Lima (1995), the area in which the type specimen was collected (in campis apricis mediterraneis transalpinis) corresponds to “rural formations of the Paraíba do Sul river, Serra da Mantiqueira and probably also it includes the cerrado”. Thus, it also includes cerrado areas of the state of São Paulo, such as those occurring in the municipalities of São José dos Campos and Taubaté, where the taxon is known to occur from recent collections. In fact, Vellozo´s field excursions for the preparation of Flora Fluminensis were carried around the forests of Rio de Janeiro and surroundings ( Bediaga & Lima, 2015, Pastore et al. 2021), so it is highly probable that the sample used in the description of Mimosa barbadetiman was actually collected in São Paulo state.

Conservation: —Least Concern (LC) [AOO= 780.000 km 2, EOO= 1,893,903.835 km 2]. Although extractivism is referred to this species as a possible cause of damage to population structures in some Brazilian regions ( Borges Filho & Felfili 2003), according to the IUCN (2012, 2022) criteria this widely distributed species is not under threat.

Phenology: —This species was collected with flowers and fruits throughout the year.

Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Planaltina, Fazenda Cooperbrás, Núcleo Rural de Rio Preto , 22 September 2010, fl., B.M.T. Walter 5975 ( CEN) . Minas Gerais: Capitólio, Região de Furnas, estrada para Cachoeira Feixo da Serra , 24 May 2007, fr., J.N. Nakajima et al. 4524 ( HUFU) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Tree species of Stryphnodendron. A. Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr.; B. Stryphnodendron racemiferum (Ducke) W.A.Rodrigues; C. Stryphnodendron coriaceum Benth.; D. Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville; E. Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. rotundifolium Mart.; F. Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum (Benth.) Scalon; G. Stryphnodendron roseiflorum (Ducke) Ducke.