Icterus violaceus Wied, 1212

LeCroy, Mary, 2013, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 11. Passeriformes: Parulidae, Drepanididae, Vireonidae, Icteridae, Fringillinae, Carduelinae, Estrildidae, And Viduinae, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (381), pp. 1-155 : 58

Icterus violaceus Wied

Icterus violaceus Wied, 1831: 1212 (Rio Parahyba and Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro).

Now Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) . See Allen, 1889c: 226; and Hellmayr, 1937: 59–64.

SYNTYPES: AMNH 6771, female, AMNH 6772, male, and AMNH 4719, male, collected in ‘‘Brasilia’’ by Maximilian, Prince of Wied. From the Maximilian Collection.

COMMENTS: Allen (1889c: 226) listed two Wied names under Molothrus bonariensis : Oriolus violaceus Wied (1820: 53) and Icterus violaceus Wied (1831: 1212) . The earlier name appears in Wied’s text but is a nomen nudum there. It is not mentioned by Hellmayr (1937: 59–64).

As syntypes of Icterus violaceus Wied, Allen (1889c: 226) listed only AMNH 6771 and 6772 (incorrectly given as 6671 and 6672). The original Wied label that is glued to the back of the AMNH label on AMNH 6772 was marked ‘‘ Icterus violaceus mihi’’ in Wied’s hand and had applied to two specimens, a male and female. The female is AMNH 6771, and it was labeled ‘‘female’’ by Allen. The two specimens had probably been tied together originally.

There is a third syntype in AMNH, a Wied specimen of violaceus in male plumage that was on exhibit and perhaps because of this was overlooked by Allen. It is AMNH 4719, male, also with an original Wied label bearing the name ‘‘ Icterus violaceus mihi’’ in Wied’s hand and applying to two specimens, a male and a male juvenile. I did not find the male juvenile in the collection although there is an entry in the AMNH catalog at number 4721 of a ‘‘male juv?’’ without other data.

Molothrus bonariensis milleri Naumburg and Friedmann Molothrus bonariensis milleri Naumburg and Friedmann, 1927: 494 (Urucum, near Corumbá, Matto Grosso, Brazil). Now Molothrus bonariensis bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789). See Naumburg, 1930: 394; Hellmayr, 1937: 59–64; Blake, 1968: 198; Dickinson, 2003: 773; and Fraga, 2011: 786–787. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 128345, female, collected at Urucum, 19.09S, 57.38W ( Paynter and Traylor, 1991), near Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, on 12 December 1913, by George K. Cherrie (no. 17389) on the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition. COMMENTS: Naumburg and Friedmann cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, giving measurements of four adult males, three adult females and describing the juvenile plumage of the male and the female. They had specimens from Corumbá, Descalvados, and Cuyabá. Paratypes are: Urucum near Corumbá, AMNH 128339–128344, 128346, four males, one immature male, two females; Cuyabá, AMNH 128347, immature male, all collected by Cherrie in November and December 1913 on the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition; Descalvados, AMNH 149800, female, collected on 27 December 1916, collected by Cherry on a later expedition supplemental to the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition. FRINGILLIDAE Zuccon et al. (2012) have published on the phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of the Fringillidae. FRINGILLINAE