Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)

Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie & Zhu, Yang, 2022, Two new synonyms in the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae, Theridiidae), ZooKeys 1120, pp. 95-104 : 95

Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)

Figs 2 , 3 , 4

Steatoda sisyphia Menge 1868: 161, pl. 30, fig. 69 (male and female, misidentified per Simon 1914: 295).

Theridion sisyphum Simon 1881: 100 (partly misidentified per Simon 1914: 295).

Theridion impressum L. Koch 1881: 45, pl. 2, fig. 1 (description of male).

Theridion impressum intermedium Kulczyński 1885: 27 (description of female); Chyzer and Kulczyński 1894: 33, pl. 1, fig. 26 (male and description of female); Bösenberg 1902: 99, pl. 9, fig. 111 (male and female); Fedotov 1912: 61, fig. 1 (male); Simon 1914: 257, 295, figs 509, 512-513 (male and female).

Theridion cornutum Yurinich and Drensky 1917: 116, 136, pl. 1, figs 1-3 (description of juvenile; preoccupied by Wider 1834).

Theridion botezati Roșca 1935: 243, fig. 3 (description of male and female); Roșca 1936: 198, fig. 5 (male and female).

Theridion impressum Wiehle 1937: 152, figs 81-84 (male and female).

Theridion cornutum Drensky 1939: 85, fig. 1a, b (female, synonym of Theridion botezati ).

Theridion impressum Nakatsudi 1942: 9, fig. 1C (female).

Theridion frigicola Chamberlin and Ivie 1947: 27, figs 14, 15 (description of male and female).

Allotheridion impressum Archer 1950: 20 (male and female transferred from Theridion ).

Theridion impressum Locket and Millidge 1953: 67, fig. 44C, D (male and female); Levi 1957: 89, figs 321, 326-328 (male and female, synonym); Azheganova 1968: 58, figs 101, 112 (male and female); Tystshenko 1971: 150, figs 401, 426 (male and female); Miller 1971: 194, pl. 35 figs 4, 5 (male and female); Izmailova 1972: 44, fig. 2 (female); Palmgren 1974: 18, figs 4.1-4 (male and female); Punda 1975: 64, figs 137, 138 (female); Legotai and Sekerskaya 1982: 50, figs III.22, 24 (male and female); Müller 1982: 248, fig. 4 (female); Roberts 1985: 184, fig. 81e (male and female); Legotai and Sekerskaya 1989: 224, figs LXIX.22, 24 (male and female); Heimer and Nentwig 1991: 302, fig. 808 (male and female); Deltshev 1992: 17 (synonym); Roberts 1995: 282, fig. (male and female); Mcheidze 1997: 192, figs 388-391 (male and female); Bellmann 1997: 68, fig. (female); Zhu 1998: 161, fig. 100A-E (male and female); Roberts 1998: 296, fig. (male and female); Song et al. 1999: 138, fig. 74A-B, K-L (male and female); Hu 2001: 580, figs 393.1-4 (male and female); Almquist 2005: 99, fig. 121a-h (male and female); Paquin and Dupérré 2006: 27, figs 74-79 (male and female).

Phylloneta impressa Wunderlich 2008: 393, figs 554-557 (male).

Theridion impressum Le Peru 2011: 478, fig. 823 (male and female).

Phylloneta impressa Kaya and Ugurtas 2011: 148, figs 10-11 (male and female); Quasin and Uniyal 2012: 59, figs 1-2, 3a-c (female); Tilly and Tilly 2019: 8, fig. 7A, B (male); Vanuytven 2021: 43, 233, figs A.32c, B.244 (male).

Theridion qingzangensis : Hu 2001: 586, fig. 398.1-5 (description of female). New synonym.

Material examined.

China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: State Road 217, Kaerjiao Town , Jimunai County, Altay Region , 47°5'27"N, 86°36'46"E, 915 m, 30 June 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 female ; Guozigou - Sailimu Lake Scenic Spot, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 44°3'32"N, 80°52'40"E, 2101 m, 4 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 male ; Akeqi Animal Husbandry Village, Karasu Town , Zhaosu County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 42°54'7"N, 80°53'37"E, 1810 m, 5 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 1 female and 6 male ; National Road 577, near Tasbulak Village , Zhaosu County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 43°9'49"N, 81°8'15"E, 3178 m, 5 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 15 female and 5 male ; Duku Highway near the Gongnaisi River , Xinyuan County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 43°16'36"N, 84°18'0"E, 1680 m, 6 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 1 male ; Provincial Road 315, Keling Township , Nileke County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 43°50'38"N, 82°22'10"E, 1807 m, 6 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 2 female ; National Road 218, near Yinggar Village , Xinyuan County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , 43°14'8"N, 82°18'1"E, 1966 m, 7 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 female ; 135 Township Road, near Changyuan Gas CNG Gas Station , Kuqa City , Aksu Region , 41°44'24"N, 83°7'44"E, 1057 m, 8 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 4 female ; National Road 218, near Bosten Lake Scenic Area , Bohu County, Bayingoleng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture , 41°48'22"N, 86°21'51"E, 1077 m, 9 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 14 female and 1 male ; Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Area, No. 501, Junggar Road , Fukang City , Changji Prefecture , 43°55'11"N, 88°7'30"E, 1910 m, 12 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 6 female .

Description.

See Paquin and Dupérré (2006), Kaya and Uğurtaş (2011), and Quasin and Uniyal (2012).

Justification of the synonymy.

Theridion qingzangense was first described as a new species similar to P. impressa , based on a female collected in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China ( Hu 2001). The most important diagnostic features of T. qingzangense were the oval spermathecae and long copulatory ducts that are initially thick but become thinner and twisted at the junction with the spermathecae. Comparison of the epigyne of T. qingzangense ( Hu 2001: figs 398.1-5) with that of P. impressa ( Hu 2001: figs 393.1-4; Wiehle 1937: figs 81, 83, 84; Quasin and Uniyal 2012: fig. 3a-c) suggests that P. impressa has all the diagnostic features of T. qingzangense . In addition, we collected specimens of both sexes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Fig. 4 ), and the female perfectly matches the illustrations provided for T. qingzangense , and the male matches the illustrations available for P. impressa . Though the copulatory ducts from a few of our specimens show slight variations, these differences, which we consider as intraspecific variation, are minor and do not provide enough evidence for erection of a separate species. Thus, T. qingzangense is hereby considered as a junior synonym of P. impressa .

Distribution.

North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China (Fig. 4 ), India.

Figures

Figure 2. Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) A, B female habitus (A dorsal B ventral) C epigyne, ventral D vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C, D). CO = copulatory opening; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca.

Figure 3. Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) A, B male habitus (A dorsal B ventral) C-E left male palp (C prolateral D ventral E retrolateral). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E). ST = subtegulum; C = conductor; E = embolus; T = tegulum.

Figure 4. Collection localities in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China: 1 T. innocuum 2 P. impressa.