Callina bulverii (W. Wood, 1828) W. Wood, 1828

Mattia, Willy De, Neiber, Marco T. & Groh, Klaus, 2018, Revision of the genus-group Hystricella R. T. Lowe, 1855 from Porto Santo (Madeira Archipelago), with descriptions of new recent and fossil taxa (Gastropoda, Helicoidea, Geomitridae), ZooKeys 732, pp. 1-125 : 72-74

Callina bulverii (W. Wood, 1828) comb. n. Figs 218-219, 220-226, 227

List of synonyms.

1828 Helix bulverii W. Wood: 25, pl. 8 fig. 82.

1831 Helix Bulveriana R. T. Lowe: 44-45, pl. 5 fig. 11.

1838 Helix rota Potiez & Michaud: 106-107.

1847 Helix Bulweriana - L. Pfeiffer in L. Pfeiffer 1847-1848: 208.

1852 Helix [ Discula ] Albersii R. T. Lowe: 117.

1853 Helix Bulverii - L. Pfeiffer: 161.

1853 Helix Bulverii var β - L. Pfeiffer: 161.

1854 Helix Bulveriana - Reeve in Reeve 1851-1854: pl. 136 fig. 849.

1854 Helix [ Tectula ] Bulwerii - Albers: 24, pl. 4 figs 12+13, 16-18, pl. 5 figs 1-3.

1854 Helix [ Tectula ] Bulwerii var. γ - Albers: 24, pl. 4 figs 16-18.

1854 Helix [ Tectula ] Bulwerii var. pallidior Albers: 91, pl. 4 figs 14-15.

1854 Helix [ Discula ] Bulveriana - R. T. Lowe: 192.

1854 Helix [ Discula ] Albersii - R. T. Lowe: 192.

1867 Helix [ Tectula ] Bulweriana - Paiva: 95.

1867 Helix [ Tectula ] Bulweriana var. β major Paiva: 95.

1888 Helix Bulweri - Tryon in Tryon and Pilsbry 1888: 42, pl. 9 fig. 88.

1894 Geomitra Bulweri - Pilsbry in Pilsbry 1893-1895: 243.

1922 Ochthephila (Tectula) bulverii mut. albescens T. D. A. Cockerell: 45 [unavailable, infrasubspecific].

1931 Geomitra (Actinella) Bulweri - Nobre: 100-102, figs. 47, 48.

1950 Discula (Discula) bulweri bulweri - Mandahl-Barth: 469: 36.

1950 Discula (Discula) bulweri albersi - Mandahl-Barth: 36, pl. 2 fig. 5, pl. 4 fig. 4, pl. 9 fig. 7.

1983 Discula (Discula) bulweri - Waldén: 20: 267.

1983 Discula (Discula) albersi - Waldén: 20: 267.

2002 Discula (Discula) bulverii - Bank et al.: 123.

2008 Discula (Discula) bulverii - Seddon: 78, pl. 29 fig. G, map 170.

2011 Discula bulverii - Seddon: e.T6725A12800858.

Type material.

Despite intensive research in multiple museum collections (NHM, NMW, MMUE, ANSP, NHC, NMS, OUMNH, RAM, SMF) that could have held the type material of the taxon, no such material could be traced and therefore we deem it reasonable to assume that the type material is lost. To stabilise the present interpretation of Helix bulverii W. Wood, 1828 and to clarify its taxonomic status we designate a neotype here, which is deposited in the collection of the SMF, Frankfurt a. M. under SMF 348938, W. De Mattia & J. Macor, May 15 2014. See Fig. 218. The neotype is consistent with the figure in Wood (1828: pl. 8 fig. 82) in shape, the development of the aperture and the umbilicus and colouration. The taxon was originally described from the Madeiras (= Madeira Archipelago) without more detailed locality data, which is consistent with origin from Porto Santo of the specimen selected as neotype.

Loci typici.

[bulverii] Porto Santo, S slope of Pico do Facho, along path at the S border of the pine wood, under stones, 33°04'52.47"N / 16°19'25.95"W, 355 m a.s.l. (through the designation of the neotype); [Bulveriana] Hab. in montibus Insulae Portus Sti.; [rota] Hab. Porto-Santo (Afrique); [Albersii] Hab. in Portu Sto.; [Bulwerii] Habitat in Portosanto, in locis siccis, aridis; [Bulwerii var. γ] unknown, as not mentioned; [pallidior] unknown, as not mentioned; [Bulweriana]: Habitat copiose in insulae Portosancti aridis, saxosis sub lapidibus ad montes Pico do Facho, Pico dos Maçaricos, prope N.[ossa] Senhora da Graça, Casas Velhas, Cabeço das Fontainhas, fossil ad Zimbral d’Aréa rarior; [Bulweriana var. β major]: prope N.[ossa] Senhora da Graça, rarissima; [albescens] Slopes of Pico do Facho, Porto Santo.

Further material examined.

All from Porto Santo. Fossil: ZMH 110291/5, coastal slopes at street between harbor and SE coast, 33°03'46"N / 16°18'21"W, c. 10-50 m, Sep. 22 1992 and Jul. 1 1996, leg. E. Clauss; ZMH 110292/1, coastal slopes at street from harbor towards the east, 33°03'46"N / 16°18'21"W, c. 10-50 m, Sep. 22 1992, leg. E. Clauss. Recent: CWDM/12, S slope of Pico do Facho, along path at the S border of the pine wood, under stones, 33°04'52"N / 16°19'26"W, 355 m, leg. W. De Mattia & J. Macor, May 15 2014; CWDM/8, Pico de Juliana, under stones, 33°05'31"N / 16°19'20"W, 365 m, leg. K. & C. Groh, Oct. 27 1980; CKG/10, Zimbreiro, 200 m SW of the village, near the road turn serpentine, under stones, 33°04'16"N / 16°18'53"W, 90 m, leg. W. De Mattia & J. Macor, May 2014; CKG/2, summit of smaller hill and saddle below the Pico do Maçarico, 33°03'58"N / 16°18'29"W, approx. 160 m, leg. K. Groh & J. Hemmen, Jul. 2 1983; CKG/2, upper Ribeira do Formosa between Covao and Serra de Fora, 33°05'02"N / 16°19'14"W, 140 m, leg. K. & C. Groh & J. & C. Hemmen, Jun. 19 1983; CKG/9, bank of the road above the quarry above the Miradouro da Portela; walls and pasture above Capela da Graça towards the rocky slopes of the Pico do Facho (Motos de Fora), 33°04'42"N / 16°20'01"W, 250-400 m, leg. K. & C. Groh & J. & C. Hemmen, Jun. 23 1983; ZMH 120607/4, Pico do Castelo, 33°04'42"N / 16°20'01"W to 33°04'51"N / 16°20'03"W, 350-430 m, leg. J. & C. Hemmen, ex coll. W. Fauer, Jul. 11 1983; ZMH 120608/2, Graça, 33°04'27"N / 16°19'24"W, 190 m, leg. Balka, ex coll. W. Fauer, Jun. 25 1964; CKG/3, Pico Juliana towards Cabo de Grafa, 33°05'34"N / 16°19'11"W, 300 m, leg. C. & K. Groh, Aug. 13 1985; CKG/1, Pico do Castelo, 33°04'42"N / 16°20'01"W to 33°04'51"N / 16°20'03"W, 350-430 m, leg. C. &. K. Groh, Aug. 13 1985; CFW 10782/<10, Casinhas, N of Capela da Graça, 33°04'27"N / 16°19'29"W, 150 m, leg. F. Walther, Apr. 4 2017; CFW 10783/<10, CMN/3, ZMH 92919/>10 (tissue only), ridge between Zimbreiro and the quarry, 33°04'13"N / 16°18'49"W, 110 m, leg. F. Walther, Apr. 3 2017; CFW 10847/<10, ZMH 92830/11, Casa Velhas, next to the W edge of the old quarry, 33°04'06"N / 16°18'52"W, 125 m, leg. F. Walther, Apr. 3 2017; CFW 10918/7, Pico do Concelho, NW slope above water reservoir, 33°04'46"N / 16°18'19"W, 170 m, leg. F. Walther, Apr. 4 2017; CFW 11126/<10, ZMH 92905/4, 200 m SW of the Zimbreiro near the road turn serpentine, 33°04'15"N / 16°18'54"W, 100 m, leg. F. Walther, Mar. 31 2017; ZMH 92812/2, Pico do Maçarico, small saddle at the NW ridge, leg. 33°03'58"N / 16°18'15"W, 220 m, F. Walther, Apr. 3 2017; ZMH 24261/2 [as albersi ], Porto Santo, without exact locality data, ex coll. Altonaer Museum, ex coll. O. Semper, leg. Wessel; ZMH 24264/2, Porto Santo, without exact locality data, ex coll. Altonaer Museum.

Original descriptions.

[bulverii] only name and figure; [Bulveriana] from Lowe (1831): H. testa rotundato-depressa, hemisphaerica, rotata, supra planulata, acutissime carinata, tenui, nitidiuscula, tota minutissime et confertim granulata, fusco-castanea, supra fasciata; spira convexo-depressa, plus minus elevata, obtusissima; sutura obsoleta; anfractibus planis, acquis, quasi attritis vel confluentibus, ultimi carina acutissima, tenui, supra sulco exarata, limbata; umbilico patulo, spirali, profundo; apertura rotundato-lunata; peristomate interrupto, ad umbilicum incrassato, reflexo. Axis 3 –2½ lin. Diam. 7-8. Anfr. 8-7; [rota] from Potiez & Michaud (1838): Cette coquille est plus petite que l’hel. lapicida à laquelle elle peut être comparée par sa forme générale; elle est carénée et ombiliquée comme elle, sa couleur est à peu près la même, mais elle diffère par la disposition des taches brunes; le péristome n’est ni continu, ni évasé, et l'avant-dernier tour fait une saillie dans l’ouverture. Toute la coquille est lisse et luisante à la première vue, mais à la loupe, elle est finement chagrinée et striée; la carène est très tranchante. Hab. Porto-Santo (Afrique.); [Bulverii var. β] from Pfeiffer (1847): Paulo minor, corneo-lutea, subtiliter marmorata et fasciata, anfractu ultimo subtus convexiore, carina minus compressa; [Albersii] from R. T. Lowe, 1852: Species eximia inter insigniores, in honorem cl. J. C. Albers, M. D., Helicosophi peritissimi necnon taxophilorum omnium optime meriti dicata. H. Bulveriana similis differt testa subminore solidiore trochiformi colore cerino-corneo magis opaco, minus (praesertim juniore) planato-depressa, subtus convexiore, carina media minus limbato-prominente, apertura ad carinam haud angulata; [Bulwerii] from Albers 1854: Testa umbilicata, depresse conoidea, solidula, leviter striata et eleganter dense granulate, badia, maculis pallidioribus variegate; spira parum elevate, apice obtuse; anfractus 8 regulariter accrescentes, sutura obsolete juncti, ultimus acute limbato-carinatus, subtus planulatus, saturate flavus 1-3 fasciatus, umbilicus mediocris, perspectivus; aperture oblique, elliptico-rotundata, ad carinam angulata; peristoma simplex, marginibus conniventibus, supero recto, basali crassiori, sinuato, ad umbilicus reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 18, min. 16 ½, al. 8 ½ millim.; [Bulwerii var. γ] from Albers 1854: Testa pallida cornea, striata, sparsim granulate, anfractus ultimus subtus convexus, antice parum descendens, aperture subcircularis. Diam maj. 16, min. 15, alt. 7 millim.; [pallidior] from Albers 1854: only name and figure; [Bulveriana var. β major] from Paiva 1867: β major, spira altissima; [albescens] from Cockerell 1922: Shell greenish-white.

Redescription of the shell.

The shell is dextral, hairless, and discoidal to tectiform in shape. The protoconch is whitish to light brown with 2.1 to 2.5 whorls. It is almost smooth along the first whorl and shows fine radial striae along its remaining portion. The teleoconch has from 5.2 to 5.6 rapidly increasing whorls. It is horn brown in colour on the upper side, mottled with scattered, dark or light brown small areas. The surface of the shell is somewhat shiny. One chestnut band is present on the upper side of the teleoconch that is gradually widening and becoming darker towards the body whorl. On the underside of the last whorl one main brown band is present. Sometimes, a number of thinner additional bands are present next to the main band. The peri-umbilical area is usually the lightest in colour. The spire is broadly conical, letting the shell appear tectiform. Along the last whorl a single, distinct keel is present which may be slightly bend downwards. The keel is usually lighter in colour than the remaining surface of the whorls, being whitish to light brown. The upper surface is equipped with very fine but clearly visible, rather regularly spaced, growth lines. Small, drop-like tubercles are scattered all over the teleoconch, but concentrated along the growth lines. The last whorl is only slightly wider than the penultimate whorl and is only slightly descending towards the aperture. The umbilicus is widely open (measuring approximately 10% of the maximum shell diameter). The aperture is elliptical. The lower palatal side of the last whorl may be equipped with a strong callous just behind the aperture. The peristome is interrupted along the palatal area, and it is only slightly reflected along its basal portion. The palatal area never shows any callosities or thickenings. See Fig. 219.

Measurements.

D 14.2 ± 1.0 mm (range 13.3-15.6 mm); H 7.5 ± 0.3 mm (range 7.1-7.9 mm); FW 6.2 ± 0.2 mm (range 5.9-6.5); PA 48.0 ± 7.3° (range 44.6-49.4°); NT> 100; NW 7.4 ± 0.2 (range 7.2-7.6) (n = 30). Ratio D/H 1.9; ratio FW/H 0.8.

Body.

As in the genus description. Callina bulverii tends to have an overall slightly darker body colouration than C. rotula .

Genital anatomy.

The albumen gland is long and thin and is connected to an approximately twice as long sperm-oviduct that consists of a prostatic and a uterine portion. The prostatic part extends into a thin vas deferens which is approximately twice as long as the sperm-oviduct and which inserts into the penial complex. The distal portion of the uterine part extends into the free oviduct and transforms into a vagina at the level of the duct of the bursa copulatrix. The free oviduct is ⅔ as long as the vagina. The duct of the bursa copulatrix is very wide, approximately ½ as long as the penial complex and uniform in diameter. It ends into an oval bursa copulatrix. The transition area between the duct and the bursa itself is not sharply delimited but rather gradually widens. The spermatophore is unknown. One tuft of digitiform glands arises from the proximal part of the vagina. There are two to three, approximately equally long and very rarely branched glands. A vaginal appendix arises from the vagina’s wall just distal of the glandular tuft. Irregularly spaced pleats run longitudinally along the inner surface of the vagina, reaching the genital atrium but extending not as far as the genital orifice. The atrium is short and wide. Its internal walls are smooth. The penial complex consists of a flagellum, an epiphallus, and a penis that inserts into the genital atrium. The penial flagellum is short, cylindrical and has a pointed apex. It is ⅕ as long as the epiphallus. Its internal walls are completely smooth. The epiphallus is twice as long as the penis. Its internal walls are equipped with 20-25 very fine and elevated, longitudinal pleats. The retractor muscle is strong and approximately ½ as long as the epiphallus. The penis is cylindrical, it lacks any muscular or glandular sheath, and it is extremely thick-walled. The internal walls of the penis are smooth. The section where the large penial papilla is located is usually detectable from outside by virtue of a circular swelling corresponding to the origin of the papilla itself. The penial papilla almost reaches the genital atrium and is approximately as long as the penis. It is conical to subcylindrical in shape and has smooth external walls, with the opening emerging apically. The channel of the penial papilla is thin and narrow. The inner lumen of the penial papilla is occupied by a spongy and sturdy tissue which directly connects with the walls of the epiphallus. The longitudinal section of the penial papilla (Fig. 226) shows that its walls are the continuation of the penial walls that abruptly bend inwards. See Figs 220-226.

Schileyko (2005: 2018, fig. 2549) depicted the genital anatomy of Callina bulverii , but, except for the penis papilla, only dealt with the outer appearance of the genitalia. Mandahl-Barth (1950) also depicted some anatomical details of C. bulverii , i.e. the foot pedal gland, the digitiform glands, and the vaginal appendix.

Jaw and radula.

The jaw has been depicted by Mandahl-Barth (1950).

Distribution.

Callina bulverii is endemic to the island of Porto Santo (Madeiran Archipelago, Portugal). It is restricted to the area delimited by the Pico do Facho, Calhau de Serra de Dentro, Portela and Porto dos Frades. It is not present on the small islets surrounding the eastern side of the main island, namely Ilhéu de Cima and Ilhéu de Cenouras. See distribution map in Fig. 227.

Taxonomic remarks.

Although the shell morphology is rather different from the two other Callina species, the very similar genital anatomy and its position in the cox1 tree clearly support the inclusion of the species in the genus Callina . Seddon (2008: 78) thoroughly summarised the nomenclatural vicissitudes of the synonyms of C. bulverii .

Status and conservation.

Seddon (2011g) assessed the species as Critical Endangered (CR B2a, b(iii, v)) but because of the wide distribution and high frequency the species should be considered Least Concern (LC).