CETOPSIDAE Bleeker, 1858

Published, First, 2007, Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types, Zootaxa 1418, pp. 1-628 : 130-135

CETOPSIDAE Bleeker, 1858

Cetopsini Bleeker, 1858b: 49, 250, 257. Type genus: Cetopsis Spix & Agassiz, 1829 .

Helogenidae Regan, 1911: 573 . Type genus: Helogenes Günther, 1863 .

Taxonomic summary: Vari & Ferraris (2003).

Revision: Vari et al. (2005), Cetopsinae ; Vari & Ortega (1986), Helogeninae .

Monophyly: de Pinna & Vari (1995).

5 genera, 41 species; no named fossil taxa.

CETOPSIDIUM Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsidium Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 133 . Type species: Pseudocetopsis orientale Vari, Ferraris & Keith, 2003 . Type by original designation. Gender: Neuter.

Cetopsidium ferreirai Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsidium ferreirai Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 133 , fig. 1. Type locality: Brazil. Pará : Rio Trombetas basin, Rio Mapuera, last cachoeira before Rio Trombetas (approximately 1º05'S, 57º01'W). Holotype: INPA 10194 .

Distribution: Trombetas River basin, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005: 135).

Cetopsidium minutum (Eigenmann, 1912)

Hemicetopsis minutus Eigenmann, 1912b: 211 , pl. 23 (fig. 2). Type locality: Amatuk Cataract , British Guiana. Holotype: FMNH 53262 .

Distribution: Potaro and Middle Essequibo Rivers, Guyana (Vari et al., 2005: 137).

Cetopsidium morenoi (Fernández-Yépez, 1972)

Hemicetopsis morenoi Fernández-Yépez, 1972b: 19 . Type locality: Río Aguaro , 1 km. abajo del paso Garcerito al Oeste franco de Santa Rita, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: author’s personal collection, whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: Central and western tributaries of Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Venezuela (Vari et al., 2005: 141).

Cetopsidium orientale (Vari, Ferraris & Keith, 2003)

Pseudocetopsis orientale Vari, Ferraris & Keith, 2003: 693 , fig. 1. Type locality: Suriname, Brokopondo District, Mindrineti Kreek, close to mouth of Maykaboeka Kreek, Saramacca River basin, on Gros Rosevel Mining concession (5º07'08.8"N, 55º16'59.4"W). Holotype: MHNG 2621-040 .

Distribution: Suriname and French Guiana (Vari et al., 2005: 144).

Cetopsidium pemon Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsidium pemon Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 144 , fig. 8–9. Type locality: Venezuela. Bolivar: Río Caroni, at mouth of Río Claro (7º54'45"N, 63º02'35"W). Holotype: MCNG 19475 .

Distribution: Caroni, Caura and Meta river basins, Venezuela and Colombia, Branco River, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005: 146).

Cetopsidium roae Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsidium roae Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 147 , fig. 10. Type locality: Guyana. Rupununi River , Karanambo (3º45'N, 58º18'W). Holotype: BMNH 1972.7 .27.629.

Distribution: Rupununi region, Guyana (Vari et al., 2005: 149).

CETOPSIS Spix & Agassiz, 1829

Cetopsis Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 11 . Type species: Silurus coecutiens Lichtenstein, 1819 . Type by subsequent designation by Bleeker (1862–63: 16). Gender: Feminine.

Hemicetopsis Bleeker, 1862c: 403 . Type species: Cetopsis candiru Spix & Agassiz, 1829 . Type by monotypy. Gen- der: Feminine.

Pseudocetopsis Bleeker, 1862c: 403 . Type species: Cetopsis gobioides Kner, 1857 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Feminine.

Bathycetopsis Lundberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994: 382 . Type species: Bathycetopsis oliveirai Lundberg & Rapp Py- Daniel, 1994. Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Cetopsis amphiloxa (Eigenmann, 1914)

Hemicetopsis amphiloxus Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914: 14. Type locality: Creek near San Lorenzo, [Río] Patía basin, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56519 ; holotype illustrated in Eigenmann (1922b: 57, pl. 3, fig. 2) and Vari et al. (2005: 151, fig. 11).

Distribution: Patía, upper San Juan and Atrato River basins, Pacific versant, western Colombia, and rivers of northwestern Ecuador (Vari et al., 2005: 152).

Cetopsis arcana Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis arcana Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 153 , fig. 13. Type locality: Brazil. Goiás: São Domingos, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca, Boca da Lapa de Bezerra (13º32'43"S, 46º22'35"W). Holotype: MZUSP 58637 .

Distribution: Middle and upper Tocantins River basin (Vari et al., 2005:155).

Cetopsis baudoensis (Dahl, 1960)

Pseudocetopsis baudoênsis Dahl, 1960a: 452 , figured on p. 453. Type locality: Quitasol , Baudó, western Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 118.

Distribution: Baudó River basin, Pacific versant, Colombia (Vari et al., 2005:157).

Cetopsis caiapo Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis caiapo Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 157 , fig. 15. Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Município de Minaçu / Cavalcante, Rio Tocantins, at location of the future dam of the Usina Hidroeléletrica Serra da Mesa (13º50'S, 48º19'W). Holotype: MNRJ 13236 .

Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005:159).

Cetopsis candiru Spix & Agassiz, 1829

Cetopsis candiru Spix & Agassiz, 1829: 13 , pl. 10 (fig. 1). Type locality: Brasiliae aequatoralis fluviis. Lectotype: MHNG 210.05, designated by Vari et al. (2005: 160); MNHG syntype illustrated in Mahnert (1985: 12, fig. 4). Name first appeared in Cuvier (1829) as a nomen nudum.

Cetopsis Spixii Swainson, 1839: 308 . Type locality: Brasiliae aequatoralis fluviis. Syntypes: MHNG 210.05 (1), MHNN 735–7 (3). Unneeded new name for Cetopsis candiru Spix & Agassiz, 1829 .

Distribution: Amazon River basin (Vari et al., 2005: 160).

Cetopsis coecutiens (Lichtenstein, 1819)

Silurus coecutiens Lichtenstein, 1819: 61 . Type locality: Brasilien. Holotype: ZMB 3093, apparently no longer extant (Vari et al., 2005: 164).

Silurus caecutiens Günther, 1864: 199 . Type locality: Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 3093, apparently no longer extant (Vari et al., 2005: 164). Unjustified emendation of Silurus coecutiens Lichtenstein, 1819 .

Distribution: Amazon, Tocantins and Orinoco River basins (Vari et al., 2005: 164).

Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 165 , fig. 20. Type locality: Colombia. Choco : Creek of upper Río Nercua (approximately 7º01'N, 77º30'W), large tributary of Río Truando. Holotype: USNM 305348 .

Distribution: Nercua River, a tributary of the Truando River which flows into the Atrato basin of the Caribbean Sea versant of northwestern Colombia (Vari et al., 2005: 167).

Cetopsis gobioides Kner, 1857

Cetopsis gobioides Kner, 1857: 407 , pl. 6 (fig. 16). Type locality: Irisanga [ Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 47378 (2).

Cetopsis chalmersi Norman, 1926a: 116 . Type locality: Rio das Velhas about 32 miles north of Bello (=Belo) Horizonte, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1925.10 .1.4, designated by Vari et al. (2005: 171).

Distribution: Upper São Francisco, Paraná and Uruguay River basins and Juquiá River of coastal Brazil (Vari et al., 2005: 170).

Remarks: Silurus pygmaeus Natterer is an unavailable manuscript name published in the account of Cetopsis gobioides Kner (1857) .

Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler, 1944)

Pseudocetopsis jurubidae Fowler, 1944b: 235 , figs. 7–9. Type locality: Clear waters of Rio Jurubidá, Nuquí [northwestern Colombia]. Holotype: ANSP 71430 . Holotype illustrated in Vari et al. (2005: 173, figs. 23–24).

Distribution: Jurubidá River basin, Pacific versant, Colombia (Vari et al., 2005: 174).

Cetopsis montana Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis montana Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 174 , fig. 26. Type locality: Peru. Amazonas : 100 m upriver from Caterpiza (approximately 3º55'S, 77º42'W). Holotype: LACM 41989-1 .

Distribution: Amazon River basin of northeastern Peru and southeastern Ecuador (Vari et al., 2005: 150).

Cetopsis motatanensis (Schultz, 1944)

Pseudocetopsis plumbeus motatanensis Schultz, 1944c: 255 , pl. 5 (fig. b). Type locality: Río Motatán , 4 km. above Motatán, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121265 .

Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin of Venezuela and Colombia (Vari et al., 2005: 178).

Cetopsis oliveirai (Lundberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994)

Bathycetopsis oliveirai Lundberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994: 383 , figs. 1, 3–4. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas State , Rio Solimões north of Ilha da Marchantaria , approximately 15 km upstream of the mouth of Rio Negro at Manaus, approximately 15 m depth, 3º15'S, 60º00'W. Holotype: INPA 4439 .

Distribution: Middle and upper Amazon River basin, Brazil and Peru (Vari et al., 2005: 180).

Cetopsis orinoco (Schultz, 1944)

Pseudocetopsis plumbeus orinoco Schultz, 1944c: 253 , pl. 5 (fig. a). Type locality: Río Torbes , 1 km. above Táriba, Orinoco system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121263 .

Distribution: Orinoco River basin and Aroa and Yaracuy river basins of coastal Venezuela (Vari et al., 2005: 183).

Cetopsis othonops (Eigenmann, 1912)

Hemicetopsis othonops Eigenmann, 1912a: 17 . Type locality: Girardot , Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56040 ; holotype illustrated in Eigenmann (1922b: 56, pl. 3, fig. 1).

Distribution: Magdalena and Sinu River basins (Vari et al., 2005); also Cauca, San Jorge, Apulo and Catatumbo basins, Colombia (Maldonado Campo et al., 2005).

Cetopsis parma Oliviera, Vari & Ferraris, 2001

Cetopsis parma Oliviera, Vari & Ferraris, 2001: 575 , fig. 1. Type locality: Peru. Departamento de Ucayali, Provincia Coronel Portillo. Río Tambo, Río Ucayali basin, Pucallpa, Atalaya (8º23'S, 74º32'W). Holotype: MUSM 2266 ; illustrated in Vari et al. (2005: 187, fig. 35).

Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin (Vari et al., 2005: 188).

Cetopsis pearsoni Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis pearsoni Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 189 , fig. 36. Type locality: Peru. Puno: Provincia de Sandia, Río Candamo, Zona Reserva Tambopata (13º28.97'S, 69º50.08'W), 358 m elevation. Holotype: MUSM 11093 .

Distribution: Upper Madeira River basin, Peru and Bolivia (Vari et al., 2005: 190).

Cetopsis plumbea (Steindachner, 1882)

Cetopsis plumbeus Steindachner, 1882b: 178 . Type locality: Canelos [ Ecuador]. Lectotype: NMW 47381-1 (46 mm SL), designated by Vari et al. (2005: 194). Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner (1882c: 31, pl. 6, fig. 3).

Cetopsis macroteronema Boulenger, 1898c: 8 . Type locality: Rio Zamora , Equateur oriental. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11 . 4.11 (1), ZMUT 1548 (1)

Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Ecuador and Peru (Vari et al., 2005: 193).

Cetopsis sandrae Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis sandrae Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 195 , figs. 39–40. Type locality: Brazil. Mato Grosso: Nova Mutum, unnamed Corrego, Fazenda Buriti , approximately 1.5 km S of Fazenda (13º51'52"S, 56º11'36"W). Holotype: MZUSP 61091 .

Distribution: Arinos River, upper Tapajós River basin, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005: 150).

Cetopsis sarcodes Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis sarcodes Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 197 , fig. 42. Type locality: Brazil. Goiás: Município de Minaçu / Cavalcante, Rio Tocantins between site of future dam of Usina Hidroeléctrica Cana Brava and Ilha do Orgulho and Porto do Garimpo. Holotype: MNRJ 13024 .

Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005:199).

Cetopsis starnesi Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis starnesi Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 199 , fig. 43. Type locality: Bolivia. Tarija: Argentinian-Bolivian border, Río Bermejo , 4–5 km S of Pueblo Salado, approximately 30 air km S of Bermejo (22º27'S, 64º32'W). Holotype: USNM 314309 .

Distribution: Northwestern part of La Plata River basin and upper Madeira River basin, Bolivia (Vari et al., 2005: 201).

Cetopsis umbrosa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Cetopsis umbrosa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 201 , fig. 44. Type locality: Colombia. Meta: Río Negro , downstream from main Villavicencio to Puerto Lopez highway at La Balsa (04º04'N, 73º04'W). Holotype: ANSP 137559 .

Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Colombia (Vari et al., 2005: 203).

DENTICETOPSIS Ferraris, 1996

Denticetopsis Ferraris, 1996: 162 . Type species: Denticetopsis sauli Ferraris, 1996 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Denticetopsis epa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Denticetopsis epa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 206 , fig. 45. Type locality: Brazil. Pará: Igarapé do Limão, Rio Tocantins, Baião (2º41'S, 49º41'W). Holotype: MZUSP 24060 .

Distribution: Lower Tocantins River basin, Brazil (Vari et al., 2005: 208).

Denticetopsis iwokrama Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Denticetopsis iwokrama Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 208 , fig. 47. Type locality: Guyana. Essequibo: Siparuni River at Tumble Down Creek, Essequibo River basin (4º48'39"N, 58º51'11"W). Holotype: ANSP 177215 .

Distribution: Siparuni River basin, Guyana (Vari et al., 2005: 210).

Denticetopsis macilenta (Eigenmann, 1912)

Hemicetopsis macilentus Eigenmann, 1912b: 211 , pl. 23 (fig. 1). Type locality: Creek below Potaro Landing, British Guiana. Holotype: FMNH 53260 ; illustrated in Vari et al. (2005: 211, figs. 48–49).

Distribution: Potaro River, Essequibo River basin, Guyana (Vari et al., 2005: 212).

Denticetopsis praecox (Ferraris & Brown, 1991)

Pseudocetopsis praecox Ferraris & Brown, 1991: 162 , fig. 1. Type locality: Neblina base camp, Río Mawarinuma of the Río Baria drainage, Territorio Federal Amazonas, southern Venezuela, 0º55'N, 66º10'W, elevation 120 m. Holotype: AMNH 74446 .

Distribution: Baria River, Upper Negro River basin, Venezuela (Vari et al., 2005: 215).

Denticetopsis royeroi Ferraris, 1996

Denticetopsis royeroi Ferraris, 1996: 167 , figs. 4, 12. Type locality: Venezuela: Estado Amazonas, Caño Chola at crossing of San Carlos de Río Negro to Solano Road , 1º58'N, 67º00'W. Holotype: MBUCV V-26785, illustrated in Vari et al. (2005: 216, fig. 51).

Distribution: Upper Negro River basin, Venezuela; known only from holotype (Vari et al., 2005: 216).

Denticetopsis sauli Ferraris, 1996

Denticetopsis sauli Ferraris, 1996: 164 , figs. 3, 11. Type locality: Venezuela, Estado Amazonas, Outflow stream from series of morichales, ca. 5.0 km from mouth of Río Pamoni , 2º48'N, 65º53'W. Holotype: MBUCV V- 20300.

Distribution: Around mouth of Pamoni River, Venezuela; known only from type series (Vari et al., 2005: 218).

Denticetopsis seducta Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Denticetopsis seducta Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 218 , fig. 53. Type locality: Peru. Loreto: Caño “Sabalito,” small creek on terra firma approximately 25 mi (=km) S of Iquitos (4º14'45"S, 73º24'57"W). Holotype: ANSP 178466 .

Distribution: Western Amazon River basin, and possibly southwestern Orinoco River basin (Vari et al., 2005: 221).

HELOGENES Günther, 1863

Helogenes Günther, 1863: 443 . Type species: Helogenes marmoratus Günther, 1863 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine.

Leyvaichthys Dahl, 1960b: 302 . Type species: Leyvaichthys castaneus Dahl, 1960 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Spelled Leyvaichths in one place, precedence established by first-reviser action of Eschmeyer & Bailey (in Eschmeyer, 1990: 221).

Revision: Vari & Ortega (1986).

Helogenes castaneus (Dahl, 1960)

Leyvaichthys castaneus Dahl, 1960b: 303 . Type locality: Small pond in a brook tributary to the Guayabero River, approx. one kilometer from the mouth of the brook, and 1500 meters from the expedition Camp Nº 1, situated on the left bank of the Guayabero about 4 kilometers from Camp Thompson, Colombia. Holotype: Whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: Upper Orinoco, Guaviare and Meta River basins, Colombia (Vari & Ferraris, 2003).

Helogenes gouldingi Vari & Ortega, 1986

Helogenes gouldingi Vari & Ortega, 1986: 7 , fig. 3. Type locality: Brazil. Amazonas : Igarapé , 15 km from Humaitá along Rio Madeira (7º31'S, 63º02'W). Holotype: MZUSP 28854 .

Distribution: Madeira River basin, Brazil (Vari & Ferraris, 2003).

Helogenes marmoratus Günther, 1863

Helogenes marmoratus Günther, 1863: 443 . Type locality: Essequibo River , Guiana. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1 .21.83, designated by Vari & Ortega (1986: 16).

Helogenes amazonae Delsman, 1941: 80 . Type locality: Manaos [=Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil]. Holotype: IRSNB 545 .

Helogenes unidorsalis Glodek & Carter, 1978: 77 , fig. 1. Type locality: Eastern Ecuador, Rio Bobonaza between Sarayacu and Montalvo. Holotype: FMNH 80463 .

Distribution: Atlantic drainages of Guianas, upper Orinoco and Negro systems and upper Amazon River basin (Vari & Ferraris, 2003).

Helogenes uruyensis Fernández-Yépez, 1967

Helogenes marmoratus uruyensis Fernández-Yépez, 1967: 166 , pls. 2, 3 (fig. 2). Type locality: Río Uruyén , Venezuela. Holotype: AFY 56613 (whereabouts unknown).

Distribution: Uruyén River basin, Venezuela (Vari & Ferraris, 2003).

PARACETOPSIS Bleeker, 1862 Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862–63): 16. Type species: Paracetopsis bleekeri Bleeker, 1862 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine. Paracetopsis Eigenmann & Bean, 1907: 615 . Type species: Cetopsis occidentalis Steindachner, 1880 . Type by orig- inal designation. Gender: Feminine. Preoccupied by Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862 .

Cetopsogiton Eigenmann & Bean , in Eigenmann, 1910: 398. Type species: Cetopsis occidentalis Steindachner, 1880 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Masculine. Replacement for Paracetopsis Eigenmann & Bean, 1907 , preoccupied by Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862 .

Paracetopsis atahualpa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Paracetopsis atahualpa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 223 , fig. 54. Type locality: Peru. Tumbes: Río Tumbes, Cabo Inga (3º58'00"S, 80º24'59"W). Holotype: MUSM 11560 .

Distribution: Tumbes River basin, northwestern Peru and upper Zarumilla River basin, southwestern Ecuador (Vari et al., 2005: 224).

Paracetopsis bleekeri Bleeker, 1862

Paracetopsis bleekeri Bleeker, 1862 (in Bleeker, 1862–63): 16. Type locality: Not stated. Neotype: NMW 47377, designated by Vari et al. (2005: 227).

Cetopsis ventralis Gill, 1870: 95 . Type locality: Maranon or upper Amazon, and Napo Rivers [in error, actually rivers of southwestern Ecuador]. Holotype: USNM 8307 .

Cetopsis occidentalis Steindachner, 1880b: 99 , pl. 8 (figs. 2, 2a). Type locality: Guayaquil [ Ecuador]. Holotype: NMW 47377.

Distribution: Guayas and Santa Rosa river basins, Pacific Ocean versant of southwestern Ecuador (Vari et al., 2005: 227).

Paracetopsis esmeraldas Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005

Paracetopsis esmeraldas Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005: 228 , fig. 57. Type locality: Ecuador. Esmeraldas: Río Blanco, 4 km above junction with Río Quininde (0º20'N, 79º28'W; Río Esmeraldas basin). Holotype: MCZ 48768.

Distribution: Pacific Ocean versant rivers of northwestern Ecuador (Vari et al., 2005: 230).