Moinidae Goulden, 1968

Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2017, Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65, pp. 623-654 : 637-646

Family Moinidae Goulden, 1968

Moina brachiata ( Jurine, 1820)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Mamaril, 1986, 2001.

General geographic distribution: It is widely distributed in north temperate regions. Reported mostly in Continental Europe, England, Russia, and Mongolia. Its distribution extends southward to Italy and Greece, and has been collected from North Africa as well as South Africa.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Ilocos Norte –San Nicolas; National Capital Region– Marikina; Laguna –Los Baños.

Remarks. Moina brachiata was not encountered in the recent samples (2008–2016). The authors propose that early records of this species in the country were misidentified M. micrura . Goulden (1968) and Fernando (2002) limit distribution of this species in north temperate regions of Europe and some localities in Northern Africa. The species should not be confused with M. micrura , which has a smaller body size of 0.5–1.2 mm, a different head shape, and a large pecten on the end-claws of the postabdomen.

Moina micrura Kurz, 1875

Synonyms in Philippine literature: Moina dubia parva Jenkin, 1934 , Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896 , and Moina macrophthalma Stingelin, 1914 . Previous Philippine specimens often misidentified as Moina macrocopa ( Straus, 1820) .

Philippine records: Cheng & Clemente, 1954; Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Mamaril, 1986; Mamaril, 2001; and Aquino et al., 2008.

General geographic distribution: Palearctic, Australia, tropics and subtropics of America, Africa, Europe, and far East and Southeast Asia specifically in India, Indonesia and Taiwan ( Goulden, 1968; Kořinek, 2002).

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Albay –Legaspi; Batangas –Nasugbu and Lake Taal; Benguet –Ambuklao Dam; Cagayan –Lake Nagatutuan; Camarines Sur –Lake Buhi; Ilocos Norte –Lake Paoay; La Union –San Jose; Laguna –IRRI compound, Lake Bunot; Lake Palakpakin; Lake Sampaloc; Lake Pandin; Lake Kalibato; Lake Tadlak; Lake Caliraya; and Lake Lumot-Mahipon; National Capital Region– Marikina, UP Diliman Campus, Pasig River, and Marikina River; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Pantabangaan Dam; Pampanga –Candaba; Pangasinan –Fishpond in Pangasinan; Tarlac –Concepcion and Lake Tambo; Zambales –Lake Mapanuepe. Mindoro: Lake Naujan. Leyte: Lake Danao. Negros: Negros Oriental –Lake Balinsasayao. Mindanao: Cagayan de Oro – Cagayan de Oro; Lanao del Norte –Lake Lanao; Misamis Oriental –Lake Gumaod, South Cotabato –Lake Siloton, Lake Lahit, and Lake Sebu.

Remarks. Moina micrura can be distinguished from other moinids based from its small size and the small pecten on the end-claws, and by the complete absence of hairs on both the head and shell. A total of eight clades of the micrura -like taxa (five North American and three Eurasian) were noted ( Bekker et al., 2016).

Moina macrocopa ( Straus, 1820)

Philippine records: Cheng & Clemente, 1954; Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Mamaril, 1986, 2001; and Aquino et al., 2008. Synonyms in Philippine literature: Moina brachiata ( Jurine, 1820) and Moina micrura Kurz, 1875 .

General geographic distribution: Reported from many parts of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Neartic, Neotropical, and Oriental Indomalaya.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Ilocos Norte –Lake Paoay; National Capital Region– Muntinlupa and San Juan River.

Remarks. Early records of M. macrocopa in several lakes and ponds in Luzon lack taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, which has caused confusion in the identity of M. macrocopa and other moinids present in the Philippines. Goulden (1968) noted the distinct absence of supraocular depression in the species. Average total body size ranges from 1.0–1.5mm making it larger compared to other moinids. Moreover, presence of hairs in the head and body is also a good distinguishing character for M. macrocopa . The species was not noted in recent samples by Pascual et al. (2014).

Moinodaphnia macleayi King, 1853

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Petersen & Carlos, 1984; Mamaril, 1986; Mamaril, 2001; and Pascual et al., 2014.

General geographic distribution: It is distributed throughout the humid tropics specifically in Africa, Australia, South America, Caribbean Islands, Philippines and India ( Kořinek, 2002).

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Albay –Legaspi; Bataan – Bataan; Cagayan –Lake Calig; Kalinga –Asibanglan; Laguna –Calamba; National Capital Region–La Mesa Dam,

Lu, Greater Luzon; Mi, Mindoro; Ne-Pa, Negros-Panay; Pal, Greater Palawan; Cam, Camiguin; Min, Mindanao; Jo, Jolo.

UP Diliman Campus, Marikina, and Pasig; and Rizal –Tanay. Mindoro: Roxas. Cebu: Lake Mabulog .

Remarks. Moinodaphnia can be distinguished from most Moina by the presence of an ocellus below the eye and is located above the origin point of the antennules. The antennules are long and movable. The females are laterally flattened, and the dorsal margin of the shell has a sharp keel. The second antennae are very characteristic because the distal segment of the exopod has four rather short setae rather than three long setae. The postabdomen is long. Only one sexual egg is normally deposited in the ephippium. The supraocular depression is absent. Moinodaphnia also has a different distribution and habitat than Moina . It prefers to be in small temporary ponds, small lakes, swamps and pools. It lives near the mud or in the weeds where it filters the water surrounding the weeds.