Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904)

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Andreason, Sharon A., Power, Nancy, Ganjisaffar, Fatemeh, Fusu, Lucian, Dominguez, Chrysalyn & Perring, Thomas M., 2020, Two new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), egg parasitoids of the bagrada bug Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), with taxonomic notes on Ooencyrtus telenomicida, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76, pp. 57-98 : 57

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.48004
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scientific name	Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904)
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Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904) View in CoL View at ENA

Figs 10 View Figure 10 , 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13 , 14 View Figure 14 , 15 View Figure 15

Encyrtus telenomicida Vassiliev, 1904: 117-108. Original type locality: Kupiansk, Kharkov oblast’, Ukraine (as “Kupjansk”, "Gouvern. Charkov" [then Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire]). Unspecified number of syntype females and males [type depository not indicated in the original description], lost (not examined).

Schedius flavofasciatus García Mercet, 1921: 315-318. Type locality (of the lectotype designated by Noyes 1981: 182, not examined): Cercedilla, Madrid, Spain. Synonymy by Ferrière and Voegelé 1961: 32.

Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev): Romanova 1953: 239-247 (host associations and biology); Ferrière and Voegelé 1961: 28 (key), 30 (illustrations), 32-35 (illustrations, redescription, distribution); Noyes 1978: 11-12 (illustration, comparison with O. brunneipes Noyes); Trjapitzin 1989: 202-203 (key, distribution, hosts); Huang and Noyes 1994: 78-79 (diagnosis, hosts, distribution), 130 (illustrations); Hayat and Mehrnejad 2016: 200 (key), 207-209 (redescription, illustrations, hosts); Samra et al. 2018: 8 (key), 12-14 (illustrations, diagnosis, hosts, distribution).

Type material.

Neotype female [BMNH], here designated (see “Comments” below for the justification) to stabilize the usage of the name, on slide (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ) labeled: 1. "Romania: Iaşi County, Ipatele 46.918781N, 27.442949E 317 m, 10.vi.2017, L. Fusu, O. A. Popovici, V. Chinan From eggs of Eurygaster sp. On wheat, egg mass # 32"; 2. [salmon] "DNA Voucher D # 6875 UCR, J. M. Heraty [Laboratory]"; 3. "Mounted by V. V. Berezovskiy 2019 in Canada balsam"; 4. [red] " Encyrtus telenomicida Vassiliev, 1904 Neotype ♀ = Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev)"; 5. "Det. by S. V. Triapitsyn 2019"; 6. [barcode database label] " UCRC ENT 311776". The neotype (Figs 10A, C View Figure 10 , 11B-F View Figure 11 ) is in good condition although lacking apex of one hind wing, dissected under 2 coverslips.

Material examined.

Romania, Iaşi County, Ipatele , 46.918781N, 27.442949E, 317 m, 10.vi.2017, L. Fusu, O. A. Popovici, V. Chinan (from eggs of Eurygaster sp. on wheat) [3 females, two from egg mass # 22, one from # 32, BMNH, UCRC, including one from egg mass # 22 as DNA voucher D # 6874 (UCRC ENT 311775); 2 females from egg mass # 22 as DNA vouchers OoIs 0101 and OoIs 0102, AICF; 1 female and 1 male from egg mass # 32 as DNA vouchers OoIs 0201 and OoIs 0202, AICF] GoogleMaps . Russia: Krasnodarskiy kray, Slavyansk-na-Kubani (as [stanitsa] “Slavyanskaya” on the original label), Karpova , 1950 (from eggs of Eurygaster integriceps ; air dried specimens remounted in UCRC on points and slides from a small vial) [9 females, 5 males, UCRC, ZIN] Orenburgskaya oblast’, Orsk , 5.vii.1935, G. Ya. Bey-Bienko (on Elytrigia sp.) [1 female, ZIN]. Stavropol’skiy kray: Karpova, Kamenkova 1950 (from eggs of Eurygaster integriceps ; air dried specimens remounted in UCRC on points and slides from a small vial) [numerous females and males, AICF, UCRC, ZIN] . Spain, Madrid: Casa de Campo [park], 15-23.x.1978, J. S. Noyes [1 female, 2 males, UCRC] (determined by J. S. Noyes in 1979); Fuencarral-El Pardo, El Pardo, R. García Mercet [1 female, UCRC] (identified by R. García Mercet as Schedius flavofasciatus García Mercet) . Ukraine, Nikolaevskaya oblast’, 2.vi.1948 (from eggs of E. integriceps ) [5 females, ZIN]. Taxonomic identifications of O. telenomicida from Russia and Ukraine were made by M. N. Nikol’skaya and/or V. A. Trjapitzin .

Description of the neotype female.

Color. Body (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ) mostly very dark brown with some metallic reflections (mainly dark bluish and some greenish) on frontovertex, mesoscutum, and scutellum except tegula brown and base of gaster with a narrow, light brown band on the first gastral tergite; antenna brown except radicle dark brown; legs mostly yellow except meso- and metacoxa brown basally and tarsi partially light brown.

Sculpture. Head with stronger sculpture on frontovertex; mesoscutum and axilla reticulate; scutellum (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ) more strongly reticulate but almost smooth at apex.

Pubescence. Frontovertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum with short, inconspicuous, fine, light setae except scutellum with a pair of longer, dark setae.

Head (Fig. 11C View Figure 11 ) about 1.1 × as wide as high. Minimum width of frontovertex 0.25 × head width. Toruli just below level of lower eye margin. Ocelli in slightly obtuse triangle, distance from posterior ocellus to eye margin about equal to ocellus diameter. Maxillary palpus 4-segmented, labial palpus 3-segmented. Mandible with 1 larger tooth, 1 smaller tooth and broad truncation.

Antenna (Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ) with radicle 2.5 × as long as wide, rest of scape slender, slightly wider in the middle and narrowing towards apex, 6.3 × as long as wide; pedicel 2.0 × as long as wide, longer than any funicular segment (F1 0.6 × length of pedicel); funicle segments all longer than wide, F1 as long as F2 and slightly shorter than following funicular segments, F3, F4 and F6 about equal in length, and F5 the longest funicular segment, F1-F2 without mps, F3-F4 each with 2 mps, F5-F6 each with 3 mps; clava 3-segmented, 3.0 × as long as wide and almost as long as combined length of F4-F6, each claval segment with several mps.

Mesosoma (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ). Mesoscutum about 2.3 × as wide as long; scutellum (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ) slightly wider than long and a little longer than mesoscutum, placoid sensilla close to each other and closer to posterior margin of scutellum. Propodeum (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ) smooth and very narrow medially, less than 0.1 × as long as scutellum.

Wings not abbreviated, fore wing extending well beyond apex of gaster. Fore wing (Fig. 11E View Figure 11 ) 2.4 × as long as wide, its disc hyaline; costal cell about 11 × as long as wide; marginal vein punctiform; postmarginal vein a little shorter than stigmal vein; linea calva almost closed posteriorly by a row of short, inconspicuous setae; filum spinosum with 3 setae on one wing and 5 on the other; longest marginal seta 0.09 × maximum wing width. Hind wing 5.4 × as long as wide, disc hyaline.

Legs. Mesotibial spur almost as long as mesobasitarsus (Fig. 11F View Figure 11 ).

Gaster (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ) almost as long as mesosoma. Ovipositor occupying more than 0.9 length of gaster, not exserted beyond its apex, and almost 1.0 × as long as mesotibia.

Measurements (µm) of the neotype. Mesosoma 418; gaster 400; ovipositor 370; mesotibia 375. Antenna: radicle 45; rest of scape 200; pedicel 70; F1 40; F2 40; F3 50; F4 50; F5 60; F6 50; clava 140. Fore wing 900:370; longest marginal seta 33. Hind wing 725:135; longest marginal seta 48.

Taxonomic notes.

Female. Variation (non-type specimens from Romania, Russia, and Ukraine). Body length of dry-mounted, air-dried specimens 860-925 µm. Body (Figs 10B View Figure 10 , 12A, B View Figure 12 , 14B View Figure 14 ) mostly very dark brown with some bluish and greenish metallic reflections on mesoscutum, except tegula and mesopleuron brown and base of gaster usually with a complete, narrow, yellowish or light brown band (dorsally almost always at most on the first and second gastral tergites, usually only on the first) and often brown (but never yellow) between the yellow basal band and cercal plates dorsally, but occasionally base of gaster entirely dark (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ) or, very rarely (observed only in one specimen from Ukraine) the yellow band extends almost to cercal plates (in the absence of molecular data for this historical specimen, it cannot be excluded that it might belong to another species); antenna brown except apex of pedicel a little lighter (light brown); legs mostly yellow except meso- and metacoxa often brown basally, tarsi partially light brown. Minimum width of frontovertex 0.25-0.28 × head width (Figs 13A View Figure 13 , 14A View Figure 14 ). Antenna (Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ) with scape minus radicle 6.0-8.75 × as long as wide; F1 the shortest funicular segment, 0.5-0.65 × length of pedicel; F2 1.0-1.1 × length of F1 (Tables 5 View Table 5 , 7 View Table 7 ), F1-F2 without mps, F3-F6 each with at least 2 mps; clava 2.6-4.1 × as long as wide. Fore wing (Fig. 13D View Figure 13 ) 2.2-2.7 × as long as wide; filum spinosum with 3-5 setae. Hind wing 4.2-4.4 × as long as wide, its disc hyaline. Ovipositor occupying 0.7-0.9 length of gaster (Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ), at most barely exerted beyond its apex, and 0.9-1.0 × as long as mesotibia.

Male (non-type specimens from Russia). Body length of dry-mounted, air-dried specimens 600-900 µm. Body (Fig. 15A View Figure 15 ) black with metallic reflections, particularly on mesosoma; antenna brown except scape light brown ventrally and dark brown dorsally; legs yellow except most of coxae and metafemur brown. Antenna (Fig. 15B View Figure 15 ) with scape minus short radicle 3.6-3.7 × as long as wide; funicle segments all longer than wide, more or less subequal in length (Table 6 View Table 6 ) and each with several mps; clava entire, 2.9-3.2 × as long as wide, with several mps; flagellar segments all with numerous long setae. Fore wing (Fig. 15C View Figure 15 ) about 2.3 × as long as wide; hind wing about 5.0 × as long as wide. Genitalia (Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ) length 175-200 µm.

Distribution.

Confirmed records of O. telenomicida are from Romania, Russia, Spain and Ukraine; those from other countries in the Palearctic and Oriental regions were summarized by Samra et al. (2018), but many of them will need to be verified using molecular methods.

Hosts.

Scutelleridae ( Hemiptera ): Eurygaster integriceps Puton ( Vassiliev 1904; Romanova 1953; Trjapitzin 1989), Eurygaster sp., as well as some Telenominae ( Scelionidae ) primary egg parasitoids of E. integriceps , such as Telenomus spp. and Trissolcus spp. ( Vassiliev 1904; Romanova 1953), keeping in mind that their species identifications were likely incorrect. Samra et al. (2018) listed some other Heteroptera ( Hemiptera ) as hosts of O. telenomicida ; however, identification of the parasitoids will need to be verified using molecular methods.

Biology.

Ooencyrtus telenomicida is a facultative hyperparasitoid of Eurygaster integriceps , being either a primary egg parasitoid (more so earlier in the season when unparasitized eggs of the host are readily available and prevalent) or a secondary parasitoid via the telenomine primary egg parasitoids, particularly later in the season when many of the host eggs are parasitized ( Romanova 1953).

Comments.

According to V. A. Trjapitzin (personal communication), the entire type series of O. telenomicida , if such ever existed, has never been located and is certainly lost. The dire necessity of a proper recognition of this nominal species, which has been impossible with any confidence from some other members of the O. telenomicida species complex (e.g., according to Huang and Noyes (1994), from O. gonoceri Viggiani and O. acastus Trjapitzin), leaves no choice but to designate a neotype for O. telenomicida , complemented with the much needed DNA sequence data from it. That is done herein from the specimen reared from an egg of a species of Eurygaster Laporte, which is the genus from which the originally described O. telenomicida emerged. Furthermore, the insects were collected in northeastern Romania which is relatively close to the original collection site in Kharkov oblast’ of Ukraine. Importantly, the collections were made in the same general habitat (sylvo-steppe biome) as the originally described species. Morphologically, female specimens from Romania (Figs 10 View Figure 10 , 11 View Figure 11 ; Table 7 View Table 7 ) are identical to those from Russia and Ukraine reared from eggs of Eurygaster integriceps in the late 1940s and early 1950s (Figs 12 View Figure 12 , 13A, C, D View Figure 13 ; Table 5 View Table 5 ). The neotype and especially a second specimen from the same collecting event ( ‘topotype’) grouped together with the specimens from Russia and Ukraine (Fig. 16A, B View Figure 16 ) in the shape PCA of the multivariate ratio analysis.