Sinodiapterna yushana Li & Wang

Wang, Chuan-Chan, 2017, The genus Sinodiaptera Dellacasa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) in Taiwan, Zootaxa 4320 (1), pp. 68-80 : 74-75

Sinodiapterna yushana Li & Wang , new species

Figs. 3–4 , 7–8 , 10 , 16 , 19–22 , 25 , 27, 29 , 30–31

Holotype male ( Fig. 3 ). Body length 5.7 mm; width across humeri 3.0 mm. Color dull black with antennae, mouthparts, and legs dark brown to reddish brown. Dorsal surface densely punctate to rugopunctate, punctures large and deep, each with a tiny, pale setae located at upper margin of puncture. Length of setae on head, pronotum, and disc of elytra far smaller than diameter of puncture (under high magnification); setae along elytral margins longer. Head: Frons longitudinally convex centrally when viewed laterally ( Fig. 10 ). Clypeus ( Fig. 12 ) not sinuate between dentate angles, angles moderately reflexed. Genae obtusely angulate. Clypeofrontal suture nearly obsolete with sides weakly convex. Thorax: Pronotum widest at middle, lateral margins strongly retracted before hind angles with tip broadly acute; lateral margins with scattered, feeble fringe of setae, setae as tiny as those on disc of pronotum. Lateral declivities with weak gibbosity below middle; lateral margin completely beaded, posterior margin with a weakly-defined bead with smooth part in front of scutellum. Setigerous punctures more shallow and smaller than those on epistoma. Scutellum ( Fig. 16 ) narrowly elongate, base as width as elytral interval, quarter as long as elytra, punctures shallower than those on pronotum. Prosternal process longitudinally raised covering with yellow setae. Elytra: Discal punctures smaller and shallower than those on pronotum, punctures usually confluent with deeply impressed, crenately punctate striae; intervals flat; humerus distinctly dentate. Venter ( Fig. 7 ): punctures on metepisternum shallow with longer setae at base. Punctures on mesosternum and metasternum the same as those on pygidium with only tiny setae. Basal margin of sternites 1–6 fimbriate with posterior margin of sternites 1–5 weakly serrate; setae on sides of sternites 2–3 times longer than diameter of puncture; punctures becoming small and sparse mesad. Pygidium wider than long, distinctly convex at apical two-thirds; surface punctures larger and deeper than those on pronotum, setae on apical part longer than diameter of punctures. Legs: Protibia ( Fig. 19 ) bidentate with spur spatulate. Profemora with surface punctures larger than those on mesofemora and metafemora, setae on mesofemora and metafemora longer than diameter of puncture. Protrochanter, mesotrochanter, and metatrochanter each with a tuft of long setae at base; size of setal tuft on protrochanter smallest; tuft on mesotrochanter largest, bearing the longest setae; metafemora transverse in shape, moderately broadened and convex at middle. Metatibia becoming curved and broadened anteriorly with sparse, long setae at inner side of apical third ( Fig. 21 ); tip of metatibial superior spur truncate, half in length than metatarsomere 1 ( Fig. 25 ), metatarsomere 1 as long as metatarsomeres 2–4 combined. Genitalia: Parameres with apical parts distinctly curved when viewed laterally ( Fig. 29 ), tapering anteriorly, tip simple ( Fig. 27 ).

Female ( Figs. 4 , 8 ). Body length 5.1–5.7 mm; width across humeri 2.2–2.3 mm. Protibia ( Fig. 20 ) with apical tooth longer and basal tooth less developed, tibial spur sharply prolonged with tip slightly curved outwardly; profemora, mesofemora, and metafemora less stout; setae on mesofemora and metafemora thinner and shorter; metatibia straight with a line of long setae along ridge of inner side ( Fig. 22 ).

Diagnosis. Sinodiapterna yushana can be separated from the most similar species, S. gorodinskiyi (based just the female), using the following combination of characters: punctures on disc of head and pronotum densely and evenly distributed in S. yushana (discal punctures unevenly distributed in S. gorodinskiyi ); overall shape of pronotum more rounded in S. yushana (shape of pronotum trapezoidal in S. gorodinskiyi ); lateral margin of pronotum before hind angles distinctly sinuate in S. yushana (lateral margin of pronotum before hind angles weakly sinuate in S. gorodinskiyi ); hind angles of pronotum and humeral angles of elytra distinctly protrudent in S. yushana (hind angles of pronotum and humeral angles of elytra far less protrudent in S. gorodinskiyi ); and protibia bidentate with apical tooth prolonged, overall shape of tibia slender in S. yushana (protibia tridentate with apical tooth shortened, overall shape of tibia broad in S. gorodinskiyi ).

Type material. The male holotype is glued and with the following information on the label: “ Taiwan: Nantou Co . , Sa Li Shen / 23.51N, 120.91E, alt 1600m, by FIT / May 15-Jun 5, 2016 / collr. C. L. Li. ” The holotype is deposited at the National Museum of Natural Science , Taichung. Taiwan ( NMNS). Paratypes: 1 male and 2 females : 1 female with same collecting data as holotype (NMNS); 1 male and 1 female from the same locality as holotype collected 10 April–14 May 2016, C.L. Li ( CCLI).

Distribution. Central Taiwan.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality, Sa Li Shen, located at mountainside of the Mount Jade (known as Yushan in Chinese) in the Yushan National Park, central Taiwan.

Chinese name: 玉山長盾蜉金龜.

Remarks. The comparison between S. yushana and S. gorodinskiyi made above is based on the description of single female for the later species ( Gusakov 2006). Since male S. gorodinskiyi are unknown, the great distance of approximately 2,600 km between species ( Fig. 30), and the unique features (e.g., overall deep and large punctures, hind angles of pronotum, and elytral humeral angles sharply protrudent) of both species clearly indicate that they are distinct species. However, additional specimens of both species are needed for more detailed comparisons of the variation within and between species. The type locality ( Fig. 31 ) of S. yushana is in the Machilus ─ Castanopsis forest zone where is dominated by Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hayata (Lauraceae) , Lithocarpus kawakamii (Hayata) Hayata (Fagaceae) , and Lithocarpus lepidocarpus (Hayata) Hayata (Fagaceae) .

Figures

FIGURE 31. Haibitat of the type locality of Sinodiapterna yushana. Photograph by I-chieh Wang.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal habitus of Sinodiapterna species. 1 – 2, Sinodiapterna zeni; 3 – 4, Sinodiapterna yushana. 1, 3, male; 2, 4, female; 3, holotype.

FIGURES 5 – 8. Ventral habitus of Sinodiapterna species. 5 – 6, Sinodiapterna zeni; 7 - 8, Sinodiapterna yushana. 5, 7, male; 6, 8, female; 7, holotype.

FIGURES 9 – 12. Lateral view and head of male Sinodiapterna species. 9, 11, Sinodiapterna zeni; 10, 12, Sinodiapterna yushana. 9, 10, lateral view; 11, 12, head.

FIGURES 15 – 16. Scutellum of male Sinodiapterna species. 15, Sinodiapterna zeni; 16, Sinodiapterna yushana.

FIGURES 17 – 20. Right protibia of Sinodiapterna species. 17 – 18, Sinodiapterna zeni; 19 – 20, Sinodiapterna yushana. 17, 19, male; 18, 20, female.

FIGURES 21 – 22. Right metatibia and metatarsus of Sinodiapterna yushana. 21, male; 22, female.

FIGURES 23 – 25. Metatibial superior spur (indicated by arrow) and metatarsus of male Sinodiapterna species. 23, Sinodiapterna zeni, right metathoracic leg; 24, Sinodiapterna troitzkyi (Tokushima Prefecture, Japan), left metathoracic leg; 25, Sinodiapterna yushana, right metathoracic leg.

FIGURES 26 – 29. Parameres of Sinodiapterna species (26 – 27, dorsal view; 28 – 29, lateral view). 26, 28, Sinodiapterna zeni; 27, 29, Sinodiapterna yushana. Scale bar: Figs. 26 – 27 = 0.25 mm, Figs. 28 – 29 = 0.5 mm.