Evolvulus diosmoides Mart. (1841: 97)

Santos, Diego, Silva, Marcos José Da & Buril, Maria Teresa, 2023, Typifications and three new synonymies in Evolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae-Cressae), Phytotaxa 583 (1), pp. 1-14 : 6

2. Evolvulus diosmoides Mart. (1841: 97) .

Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Bahia: “ In sabulosis prov. Porto Seguro ”, 1823, P. Wied. s.n. (lectotype BR000000659203 [digital image!], isolectotype BR00000659307 [digital image!], G [cited by Ooststroom 1934 but not found])

Evolvulus genistoides Ooststr. (1934: 191) . Type: — BRAZIL. Espirito Santo: “In regione Rio Doce , ad Praya molle”, 1823, P. M. Widensis s.n. (holotype BR658887 ). syn. nov.

Notes: — Evolvulus genistoides was established by Martius (1841) based on the collection Prince Max. Widensis s.n. collected “ In regione Rio Doce, ad Praya molle ” in Espirito Santo state based on leaf margin morphology. In the study of the Evolvulus for the Americas, Ooststroom (1834) considered E. genistoides the closest species to E. diosmoides Mart. , and distinguished them by indumentum density and leaf arrangement and their leaf margin (leaves with margins more or less revolute in E. genistoides vs. slightly revolute in E. diosmoides , leaves dense along the branches vs. less dense, and indumentum densely sericeous on both leaf sides vs. slightly abaxial surface sericeous and adaxial surface glabrescent).

After morphological analysis of several specimens, mainly those collected in the type locality (topotype), and type collections of both entities, we noted that the characters mentioned above are not discontinuous between both entities. In addition, these species have the same continuous distribution pattern occurring from the caatinga to the cerrado. Considering this, we propose the synonymization of E. genistoides under E. diosmoides .

Martius (1841) described E. diosmoides based on a collection from Prince Max. Widensis s.n. without indicating the herbarium where it was housed. We located two exsiccates in BR that represent the original material of this species. We chose the specimen deposited in BR (BR000000659203; Fig. 4 ) as the lectotype because it presents evident and well preserved diagnostic characters, such as leaves revolute or flat, and sepals acuminate to acute. In addition, this material is in the herbarium where part of Prince Wied’s exemplars was deposited.

Morphological relationships and characterization: — Evolvulus diosmoides is characterized by presenting a subshrubby habit with erect stem, leaves sometimes with margin flat or sometimes conspicuously revolute and apparently linear, densely sericeous on both surfaces, becoming glabrescent mainly on the adaxial surface, sepals ovate to lanceolate with apex acute, and corolla funnel-shaped, lobed. It is similar to E. daphnoides Moric. (1839: 59) by having leaves alternate spiral, corolla lobed and white, differing from it by having sepals ovate or lanceolate with acute apex (vs. oblong and rounded in E. daphnoides ).

Distribution and conservation status: — Evolvulus diosmoides is endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the northeastern region (Bahia State), southeastern region (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro States) and here we document its first record in the mid-western region, in the Federal District ( Fig. 5 ). It grows in sandy soils on quartzite rock outcrops and in restinga vegetation, in Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. This species is evaluated here as Least Concern (LC) due to its EOO of 456, 540,879 km 2. Populations of this species were recorded in Paulo César Vinha State Park (Espírito Santo State), in Brasilia National Park (Federal District), and in Paulo Jakson Ecological Park, in the municipality of Caetité (Bahia State).

Examined specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, estrada Abaira Piat„, 02 February, (fl.), F. França 4211 (HUEFS); 10 April 1996, (fl. fr.), W. Ganev 87 (HUEFS, SPF); Catolés, 23 November 1992, (fl.), W. Ganev 1525 (HUEFS); Caetité, próximo ao Brejinho das Ametistas, 10 January 2008, (fl. fr.), A. Rapini 1467 (HUEFS); 11 February 1997, (fl.) B.P.C.D. Stannard 5437 (HUEFS); 15 April 1983, (fl. fr.), A.M. Carvalho 1771 (HUEFS); área da Bahia de mineraç„o, 01 April 2008, (fl.), M.S. Mendes (HUEFS); Cordeiros, 20 Dezembro 2016, (fl. fr.), W.O. Fonseca et al. 248 (HURB); Licínio de Almeida, 06 August 2014, (fl.), N. Roque et al. 4461 (ALCB); serra geral, serra do salto, cachoeir„o, 20 July 2012, (fl. fr.), N. Roque 3665 (EAC); ca. 2 km do povoado Riacho Fundo, 11 December 2009, (fl.), E. Melo 7494 (HUEFS); Serra do Jambeiro, 04 November 2006, (fl., fr.), R.F. Souza-Silva 250 (HUEFS). Federal District: Brasília, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, 29 Octuber 1938, (fl.), B.M.J. Lutz 1084 (NY). Espírito Santo: Guarapari, Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, 18 September 2007, (fl., fr.), E.B. Miranda & A.S. Conceição 655 (ESA); 29 March 2000, (fl.) J.M.L. Gomes 2792 (VIES); 19 July 2006, (fl.), O.J. Pereira et al. 7463 (VIES); 21 May 1990, (fl.), A.M. Carvalho 3155 (HUEFS); 03 August 1982, (fl.), O.J. Pereira 41 (VIES); 07 August 1987, (fl.), M.L.S. Guedes s.n. (HUEFS15460); 30 April 2007, fl., G.E. Valente 1874 (VIC); Vila Velha, Lagoa Vermelha, 04 February 1969, (fl.), B.D. Sucre 4632 (NY). Minas Gerais: G„o Mogol, 14 February 2003, (fl., fr.), F. França 4356 (HUEFS); Joaquim Felício, 15 March 2011, (fl., fr.), G. Hatschbach et al. 66282 (ESA). Rio de Janeiro: s.l., 23 March 1964, (fl., fr.), W. Hoehne 5623 (ESA, NY, SPF); Cabo Frio, 06 July 1998, (fl., fr.), J.P. Souza 2438 (ESA); 15 July 2006, (fl., fr.), J. Paula-Souza et al. 5988 (ESA); Mangaratiba, praia da Armaç„o, 28.XI.1998, fl. and fr., L.F.T. Menezes 227 (RBR); Maricá, Dunas da praia do Francês, 29 July 2004, (fl., fr.), J. Paula-Souza 3786 (ESA); barra de Maricá, 21 September 1980, (fl.), K. Yamamoto 11524 (UEC).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Lectotype of Evolvulus diosmoides at the Meise Botanic Garden, Meise (Belgium), specimen BR000000659203.

FIGURE 5. Updated geographical distribution of E. diosmoides.