Xylocopa (Schonnherria) lucida Smith, 1874

Villamizar, Germán, Fernández, Fernando & Vivallo, Felipe, 2020, Synopsis of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Schonnherria) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Colombia, with designation of lectotypes and the description of two new species, Zootaxa 4789 (2), pp. 301-347 : 317-319

Xylocopa (Schonnherria) lucida Smith, 1874

( Figures 35–38 , 78 )

Xylocopa lucida Smith, 1874: 290 .

Diagnosis. Females can be recognized by the following combination of characters: small body size (body length 16.8–17.3 mm); integument black with slightly greenish highlights on clypeus and mesoscutellum, and bluish on gena, mesoscutum and metasoma; vertex, gena and paraocular area with fine and scattered punctures; clypeus with upper margins of the epistomal suture well differentiate in edges; sparse whitish hairs on paraocular area, gena and lateral sides of T4, T5 and S3–S5; lower half of clypeus with a patch of pale plumose hairs; metasoma with fine and scattered punctures, finer on T1. This species is frequently confused with X. muscaria by the similar body length, the slightly bluish and greenish highlights and the whitish pubescence on gena and lateral sides of last terga. Nonetheless, the finer and scattered punctures on vertex and metasoma, the upper gena glabrous and the mesoscutellum rounded differentiate X. lucida (coarse and dense punctures on vertex and metasoma, gena densely covered by plumose hairs and mesoscutellum convex in X. muscaria ).

Morphology. Female ( Figs. 35–38 ). Measurements (mm): Approximate body length: 16.8–17.3; head width: 5.7–6; mesosoma width: 5.7–6.2; metasoma width: 6.9–7.3; forewing length: 13–13.4. Coloration: Integument black with slightly greenish highlights mostly on clypeus and mesoscutellum, and bluish on gena, mesepisternum and metasomal terga. Tegula black with bluish highlights. Wings dark brown with weak blue and violet iridescence. Pubescence: Predominantly black except ferruginous on labrum and ventral surface of fore basitarsus, and whitish on paraocular area, lower half of clypeus, gena and lateral sides of T3–T5 and S3–S5. Head with simple hairs mainly on lower gena (3–4x OD) and dense plumose hairs on paraocular area (0.7–1.2x OD) nearby to antennal sockets; lower half of clypeus with a patch of plumose hairs; glabrous on vertex, paraocular area near to compound eye orbit, upper half of clypeus and upper gena. Mesosoma with abundant plumose hairs on mesepisternum (1–3x OD); few hairs or nearly glabrous on mesoscutal disc and anterior half of mesoscutellum. Metasoma with decumbent, long, simple hairs on lateral sides (2–5x OD), longer and abundant progressively towards apex; discs of T1–T4 glabrous; T5 with short and scattered simple hairs, longer than the distance of the closest puncture (0.3–0.5x OD); sterna with simple hairs progressively becoming denser and longer apically. Surface sculpture: Fine and scattered punctation with largely impunctate areas (2–5x puncture width) on vertex, gena and paraocular area, denser and coarser near antennal sockets and lower half of clypeus. Mesoscutum with scattered and fine punctures (2–4x puncture width) near tegula and smooth on disc; mesonotal line conspicuous with similar length to half of mesoscutum, parapsidial lines inconspicuous and longer than half the length of mesonotal line; mesoscutellum with scattered and coarse punctures separated at most by 3–4 times a puncture width, slightly denser on posterior margin. Metasoma with circular punctures; disc of T1 with scattered and fine punctation almost imperceptible (3–4x puncture width), denser and coarser on lateral sides; T2 and T3 with denser and coarser punctures with respect to the anterior tergum (2–4x puncture width), T4 and T5 with uniform and coarser punctures (2x puncture width), denser on lateral sides; sterna with coarse and dense punctures usually on distal margins. S tructures: Head broader than long (1.3–1.2: 1); compound eyes with similar inner margins; ratio of upper and lower interocular distances 0.7–0.8:1; maximum interocular distance similar than eye length (0.8–0.9: 1); clypeus broader than long (2.3–2.2: 1) with the length almost equal to clypeocellar distance (0.9–1: 1); interalveolar distance similar than alveolocular distance (0.7–0.9: 1); interalveolar distance similar to alveolocellar distance (0.8–0.9: 1); vertex broad, lateral ocellus below supraorbital line (1.2–1.3x OD); interocellar distance almost equal to ocellocular distance (0.9–1: 1); frontal carina at the same level of antennal sockets with similar size than scape length (0.3–0.4x OD). Length of F1 longer than the summed length of F2 and F3 and shorter than length of F2–F4 (0.8–0.9: 0.7–0.8: 1). Clypeus with upper margins of the epistomal suture well differentiate in edges, slightly elevated apically compared to the level of paraocular area. Labrum broader than long with three basal protuberances, all tubercles with similar length, middle tubercle slightly longer. Mesoscutellum rounded (lateral view). Metanotum and propodeum vertical (lateral view).

Floral records. See Table 2 .

Type material. Holotype female whereabouts unknown.

Type locality. BRAZIL: Pará: Belém .

Distribution in Colombia ( Fig. 78 ). Amazonas: Probably in La Pedrera, according to Dugand (1948). Guaviare: Tomachipán. Guainía: Inírida. Meta: La Macarena. Valle del Cauca: El Dovio.

Material examined (n= 5♀). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: 1 female: Colombia, amazonica, R. Caquetá, XI – ’12. Ducke ( MPEG). Guaviare: 1 female: Tomachipan, Rio Inírida Playa, N2°16’, W71°46′, 250 m, 25-Jan- 1996, F. Fernández, IAVH-E-23312 (IAvH). Guainía: 1 female: Inírida, N3°51’, W67°55′, 80 m, Rojas-Martínez, MPUJ _ENT 0046826 ( MPUJ). Meta: 1 female: La Macarena, Caño Curía, N3°25’, W73°57′, 651 m, Visitando flor de Cassia sp. Fabaceae , 07-Oct-1986, A. Amaya, LABUN 006246, 2977 ( LABUN). Valle del Cauca: 1 female: El Dovio, Vda Bellavista, Finca Julián, N4°30’, W76°14’, 1750 m, 22-Mar-2015, S. Currea, CCV3 ( LABUN).

Comments. The delimitation of the identity of X. lucida was based in the original description, the redescription published by Schrottky (1902) and comparing a single specimen identified by Moure currently housed in NHMUK. Smith (1874) described a single female collected in Pará state, Brazil from the private collection of Mr. H. W. Bates. However, the specimen of this species deposited at the NHMUK was studied by J. S. Moure in 1957 and it corresponds to a female from São Paulo de Olivença, Brazil (locality near Pará state) with labels commonly used by Smith. Some of Smith’s type specimens can also be found at the OUMNH, but the holotype of X. lucida was not found there (J. Hogan, pers. comm.).

Based on the material examined and the published records, this species occurs mainly in the Boreal and South Brazilian dominion (sensu Morrone, 2014). Nonetheless, we found a specimen from Valle del Cauca (Pacific dominion), which suggests a wider distribution. The current status and depository of the type specimen, as well as the male of this species, remains unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 78. Distribution records for Xylocopa lucida, X. metallica, X. muscaria and X. ornata in Colombia.

FIGURES 35–38. Female of Xylocopa (Schonnherria) lucida Smith, 1874. Fig. 35. Frontal view. Fig. 36. Detail of metasomal terga. Fig. 37. Dorsal habitus. Fig. 38. Lateral habitus. Scale bar 2 mm.