Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis Smith, 1854

Villamizar, Germán, Fernández, Fernando & Vivallo, Felipe, 2020, Synopsis of the carpenter bee subgenus Xylocopa (Schonnherria) Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Colombia, with designation of lectotypes and the description of two new species, Zootaxa 4789 (2), pp. 301-347 : 331-334

Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis Smith, 1854

( Figures 63–70 , 75, 76 , 79 )

Xylocopa viridis Smith, 1854: 360 .

Note. A complete morphological description of both sex of this species can be found in Lucia et al. (2015). Here are indicated only some diagnostic features for the recognition of this species.

Diagnosis. Females can be recognized by the following combination of characters ( Figs. 63–66 ): small body size (body length 14.8–16.7 mm); integument black to dark brown with strong green and bluish highlights mainly on mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metasomal terga; tegula reddish brown; hyaline brown wings with weak golden iridescence; vertex with coarse and dense punctures (1–3x puncture width), sparser on upper gena; clypeus with the upper margins of epistomal suture weakly differentiate in edges; labrum with three basal protuberances, slightly longer the middle tubercle; pubescence predominantly whitish except yellowish on dorsum of mesosoma and T1, and ferruginous on labrum, ventral surface of basitarsi and apex of T6; mesoscutellum with coarse and sparse circular punctures (3–6x puncture width), denser on posterior half, and with scattered plumose hairs on disc; metasoma imbricate (0.5–1x puncture width), sparser medially on terga and on anterior half of sterna; metasomal terga with dense, semi erected, short, simple hairs on disc (0.3–0.5x OD) and tomentose, plumose hairs on laterodistal mar- gins of T2–T5. Males can be recognized by the following combination of characters ( Figs. 67–70 ): compound eyes enlarged, slightly convergent dorsally (4.2–4.6x OD); clypeus, labrum, supraclypeal and paraocular area, anterior surfaces of F1–F3 and mandible yellowish pale; tegula reddish brown; greenish and bluish highlights mainly on mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metasomal terga; pubescence predominantly yellowish to whitish; metasomal terga with coarse, dense, circular to elliptical punctures (1–2x puncture width). Male genitalia as in Figs. 75 and 76 . The female of this species is closely related to X. anthophoroides (species recorded for Colombia by Smith-Pardo, 2003 and Brazil by Moure, 2012) and X. subvirescens Cresson, 1879 (species recorded in Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama). Nonetheless, X. viridis has tomentose, plumose hairs restricted to laterodistal margins of T2–T5, while X. anthophoroides and X. subvirescens have tomentose, plumose and simple hairs across the distal margins of T1–T5.

Floral records. Unknown.

Type material. Smith (1854) did not specify the number of specimens he used to describe this species. A single male specimen collected in Pará, Brazil, housed in the NHMUK and cited by Moure (2012) and Lucia et al. (2015) as holotype, is here recognized as part of the type series and subsequently designated as the lectotype following the recommendation 73F and article 74.7of the ICZN (1999). The specimen has the following data label: Type [circular label with red border]\ Bras Tapajos[circular label,Smith’s handwriting, obverse] 53 27 [Smith’s handwriting, reverse]\ B. M. TYPE HYM [printed] 17B. 186. [handwriting]\ Xylocopa viridis TYPE Smith [handwriting]\ viridis Type. Sm [Smith’s handwriting] ( NHMUK). The lectotype is coded NHMUK 014022426 in the NHMUK data portal.

Type locality. BRAZIL: Pará: Rio Tapajós.

Distribution in Colombia ( Fig. 79 ). Antioquia: Mutatá, Porce. Boyacá: Puerto Boyacá. Cundinamarca: La Mesa, Puerto Salgar. Huila: Palestina. Meta: Puerto López, Cumaral. Risaralda: Mistrató. Valle del Cauca: Buga.

Material examined (n= 22♀, 10♂) COLOMBIA: Antioquia : 2 females: Mutatá , N7°14’38”, W76°26′8”, 170 m, Sep-1972, R . Vélez , 3595–2, 3595–3 ( MEFLG) ; 2 males: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 11-Jul-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31353, 31356 ( MEFLG) ; 1 male: Porce, La Calandria , N 7° 26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 31-Oct-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31355 ( MEFLG) ; 1 female: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 11-Jul- 1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31345 ( MEFLG) ; 1 male: Porce, Cancana R . B, N7°26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 26-Sep-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31357 ( MEFLG) ; 1 female: Porce, Fosforito , N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 11-Jul-1997, M. Delgado, Z. Gil ( MEFLG) ; 1 male: Porce, Santa Lucía P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 24-Apr-1997, A. Smith-Pardo ( MEFLG) ; 2 females: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 24-Sep-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31349, 31351 ( MEFLG) ; 1 female: Porce, Santa Lucía. P, N7°26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 16-Sep-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31344 ( MEFLG) ; 3 females: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 26-Aug-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31346, 31348, 31352 ( MEFLG) ; 1 female: Porce, Santa Lucía R . B, N7°26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 11-Jun-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31347 ( MEFLG); 1, female: Porce, Cancana R . B, N7°26’, W74°54′, 940 m, 14-Aug-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31350 ( MEFLG); 1, male: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 28-Aug-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31358 ( MEFLG) ; 1 male: Porce, Fosforito P., N7°26’, W74°54′, 945 m, 29-Oct-1997, A. Smith-Pardo, 31354 ( MEFLG) . Boyacá: 1 female: Puerto Boyacá, Campamento Technit , N6°0’, W74°25′, 320 m, 24-Apr-1997, V . H. González , LABUN006375 , 12357 , VHG015 ( LABUN); 1, female: Puerto Boyacá, Puerto Romero , N5°50’15”, W74°20′27”, 320 m, 19-Apr-1977, V . H. González , LABUN007365 , 12358 ( LABUN) . 1 female: Puerto Boyacá , N6°0’, W74°25′, 320 m, 04-Nov-2003, A. Díaz, Captura Jama, Al vuelo, CE5146, 4313 UNAB ( UNAB) . Cundinamarca: 1 female: La Mesa , N4°40’0”, W74°30′0”, 888 m, Feb-1940, F.L. Gallego, 3595-4 ( MEFLG) ; 1 female: Puerto Salgar , N5°30’, W74°35′, 497 m, 01-Apr-1983, G. Nates, LABUN006378 ( LABUN) ; Huila: 1 male: Palestina, Vereda Santa Bárbara, Finca Lourdes , N3°21’15”, W74°46′4”, 1619 m, 21-Sep-2005, A. Parra, LABUN007563 , 18450 ( LABUN) ; 1 female: Palestina, Vereda Santa Bárbara, Finca Lourdes , N3°21’15”, W74°46′4”, 1619 m, 21-Sep-2005, A. Parra, LABUN007562 , 18449 ( LABUN) . Meta: 1 female: Puerto López, Remolinos, Cafam Llanos , N4°6’, W73°8′, 250 m, 30-Mar- 1996, MPUJ _ ENT 0046825 ( MPUJ) ; 1 female: Cumaral, Caney Medio , N4°15’, W73°20′, 300 m, 16-Sep-1977, A. Liévano, LABUN006364 , 8948 ( LABUN) ; 1 female: Cumaral, Caney Medio , N4°15’, W73°20′, 900 m, 19-Sep- 1977, A. Villa, LABUN006382 , 3457 ( LABUN) . Risaralda: 1 female: Mistrató, Puerto de Oro, Río de Oro Totumo , N5°28’, W76°01′, 900 m, 29-Sep-1991, F. Fernández ( ICN) ; 1 female: Puerto de Oro, Puente Rio Totumo , N 5°28’, W76°01′, 900 m, 23-Aug-1991, F. Fernandez, SEMC1233003 , GBIFid894567755 ( SEMC). Valle del Cauca: 1 male: Buga , N3°54’3”, W76°17′52”, 757 m, Feb-1981, 3401–3 ( MEFLG). Without information : 1 male: 3595–1 ( MEFLG) .

Comments. This species also shares with the female of X. anthophoroides and X. subvirescens the similar body length, the dense punctation on vertex and metasoma, and the tomentose plumose hairs on laterodistal margins of T2–T5. Unfortunately, we did not study additional material to make a clearer distinction of the aforementioned species, only differences are stated from type specimens.

The syntype female of X. anthophoroides housed at NHMUK differs by the black integument without evident highlights, the ferruginous pubescence on vertex and dorsal surface of mesosoma and the dense, simple and plumose hairs across the distal margins of T2–T5, scattered on T2 and T3 medially, and more abundant on T4 and T5. The holotype of Xylocopa pervirescens Cockerell, 1931 (junior synonym of X. subvirescens ) deposited in MCZ differs by the integument dark brown to black with slightly bluish highlights on head, being green on mesosoma and metasoma, and the dense simple and plumose hairs across the apical margins of T2–T5.

Additionally, some Colombian specimens of X. viridis from the departments of Huila and Meta vary with respect to the lectotype here designated by having the highlights predominantly blue and the hairs of the dorsal surface of mesosoma and T1 yellowish to ferrugineous. This species is widely distributed (from Mexico to Argentina) and according to Lucia et al. (2015), it appears to be composed by multiple species due to the intraspecific variations and their similarity with other species such as those previously mentioned .

Figures

FIGURE 79. Distribution records for Xylocopa romeroi n. sp., X. simillima and X. viridis in Colombia.

FIGURES 63–66. Female of Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis Smith, 1854 Fig. 63. Frontal view. Fig. 64. Detail of metasomal terga. Fig. 65. Dorsal habitus. Fig. 66. Lateral habitus. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURES 67–70. Male of Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis Smith, 1854. Fig. 67. Frontal view. Fig. 68. Detail of metasomal terga. Fig. 69. Dorsal habitus. Fig. 70. Lateral habitus. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURES 71–76. Male genitalia (capsules). Xylocopa (Schonnherria) ecuadorica. Fig. 71. Dorsal view, Fig. 72. Ventral view. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) muscaria. Fig. 73. Dorsal view, Fig. 74. Ventral view. Xylocopa (Schonnherria) viridis. Fig. 75. Dorsal view, Fig. 76. Ventral view.