Trogolaphysa nigrolineata, Cipola & Morais & Bellini, 2022

Cipola, Nikolas Gioia, Morais, José Wellington De & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2022, Survey of Trogolaphysa Mills (Collembola, Paronellidae) of the Brazilian Amazon including five new species and the description of the dorsal chaetotaxy of the first instar, Zootaxa 5093 (3), pp. 251-295 : 266-275

Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov. Cipola

Figs 13–20 , Table 2

Diagnosis. Th II to Abd III laterally with one black longitudinal, Abd IV with s transversal strip, femur III distally and tibiotarsus I–III medially pigmented ( Fig.13 ); Ant IV weakly annulated ( Fig. 14A ); Ant III with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral mac plus 9 dorsal and 5 ventral elongated sens ( Fig. 14C ); Ant II with 5 dorsal mac and 6 ventral mac plus 4 dorsal elongated sens ( Fig. 14C ); Ant I with 5 dorsal mac ( Fig. 14C ); head mac A0, A2, M2, M4, S3, S5 and Pa5 present ( Fig. 14E ); prelabral chaetae smooth; labral papillae absent ( Fig. 14D ); labial papilla E with l.p. conical and not reaching the base of a.a. ( Fig. 15A ); basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1 and L2 ciliate, m2, e and l1 smooth, r reduced ( Fig. 15C ); postlabial X chaeta present ( Fig. 15D ); Th II–Abd IV with 2+3, 0 | 0, 1+1, 1+6 and 5+18 mac, respectively; Abd IV with 17 sens ( Fig. 16 ); femur I–II with 6 inner mac and femur III with an inner row of 5 mac apically rounded ( Figs 17E–F ); unguis I–III b.t. slightly larger than m.t., b.t. and m.t. far apart, a.t. present or absent; unguiculus I–III lamellae acuminate, except pe with 1 minute proximal tooth ( Figs 17H–I ); mucro with 4 teeth ( Fig. 18F ).

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of the specimens 3.03–2.62 (n=4), holotype 3.03 mm. Specimens pale white to yellowish with dark pigments on Ant III–IV, distal two thirds of Ant I–II, a longitudinal strip on lateral Th II to Abd III, lateral sclerite of Abd III with a spot that extends to anterior spots of Abd IV, Abd IV with two lateral spots (anterior and posterior), femur III distally and tibiotarsus I–III medially dark pigmented; eyepatches black ( Fig. 13 ). Scales present on Ant I to proximal two thirds of Ant III.

Head. Antennae subequal or slightly longer than the trunk length ( Fig. 13 ); ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 0.98–1.13 (n=4), holotype 1: 0.98; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.37–1.58: 1.66: 2.73–2.94, holotype 1: 1.58: 1.66: 2.81.Ant IV weakly annulated on its distal two thirds, with at least 4 sens types, 3 apical finger-shaped, 2 apical and 2 subapical conical, and numerous pointed and weakly pointed sens, no apical bulb or subapical organite ( Fig. 14A ). Ant III organ with 2 elongated finger-shaped sens, 3 small sens, 1 elongated thin sens and ciliated chaetae ( Fig. 14B ); dorsally with 1 mac and 9 elongated thin sens; ventrally with 1 mac and 5 elongated thin sens ( Fig. 14C ). Ant II dorsally with 5 mac and 4 elongated thin sens distally; ventrally with 6 mac, without elongated thin sens ( Fig. 14C ). Ant I dorsally with 5 median mac (3 inner and 2 outer) and 3 smooth mic atbase; ventrally with 2 mac ( Fig. 14C ). Prelabral chaetae smooth; labral a1 chaeta thicker, m0–1 slightly longer, p0–2 clearly longer than a chaetae; labral papillae absent ( Fig. 14D ). Eyes A–F subequal, eyes G and H much smaller; 7 ‘IO’ chaetae (2 of unclear homologies); head dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 15–16 ‘An’ (An1a–3p), 2 ‘A’ (A0, A2), 2 ‘M’ (M2, M4), 2 ‘S’ (S2, S5) and 1 ‘Pa’ (Pa5) mac ( Fig. 14E ). Labial papilla E with l.p. conical and not reaching the base of a.a.; papilla H with 1 hypostomal appendix fringed distally ( Fig. 15A ). Maxillary palp with b.c. 0.74 smaller than t.a. ( Figs. 15B ). Basolateral and basomedian labial fields with chaetae M1 and L2 ciliate, m2, e and l1 smooth, r reduced on a club-shaped basis, a1 often absent ( Fig. 15C ). Head ventrally with about 24 chaetae, 6 larger, acuminate and almost imperceptibly ciliate, 10 acuminate and finely ciliate, and 8 smaller and ciliate, none modified; postlabial formula with 4 (G1–4), 1 (X) 4 (H1–4), 3 (J1–3) chaetae; proximal region of cephalic groove with 2 elongated acuminate chaetae, plus 1 and 5 chaetae on a transversal row respectively, near to b.c. ( Fig. 15D ).

Thorax dorsal chaetotaxy ( Fig. 16A ). Th II a and p series with 2 (a5 and 1 of unclear homology) and 3 (p3 complex) mac, respectively; m series with 4 mic (m1–2, m4 and 1 of unclear homology). Th III a, m and p series with 2 (a1–2), 1 (m6) and 4 (p1–3, p6) mic respectively, except for m6 as mac. Ratio Th II: III = 1.39–1.27: 1 (n= 4), holotype 1.39: 1.

Abdomen dorsal chaetotaxy ( Figs 16B–C ). Abd I a, m and p series with 2 (a2, a6), 4 (m2–4, m6) and 1 (p6) mic, respectively. Abd II a, m and p series with 3 (a2–3, a6), 3 (m3, m5, m7) and 2 (p6–7) chaetae, respectively, m3 and m5 as mac, and 1 posterior scale-like chaeta present. Abd III a, m and p series with 3 (a2–3, a7), 6 (m3, am6, pm6, m7–8) and 3 (p6–8) chaetae, respectively; a7, m3, am6, pm6, m7, p6 and p7 as mac; m2 bothriotrichum with 2 accessory chaetae, and a5 and m5 bothriotricha with 9 accessory chaetae between them. Abd IV with 5 medial mac on series A–C (A3–5, B5–6) and 18 lateral mac on series T–Fe (T7, Te4, D3, E2–4, F1–3, Fe2–3 and 6 of unclear homologies); about 17 sens (as and ps type I, and 15 medial type II), and 16 posterior mes present.Abd V a, m, pa, p and pp series with 3 (a5–6a), 4 (m2–3, m5–5a), 1 (p6ae) and 6 (p1, p3–6e) mac, respectively. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 5.24–9.05 (n= 4), holotype 1: 9.05.

Legs. Subcoxa I with one row of 2 chaetae and 2 posterior chaetae; subcoxa II with an anterior row of 14 chaetae, plus about 23 anterior and 1 posterior chaetae; posterior row of 9 chaetae, 9 posterior chaetae and 3 psp; subcoxa III with one row of 11–14 chaetae and about 40 anterior chaetae of different sizes ( Figs 17A–C ). Trochanteral organ with about 65 spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 17D ). Femur I–III with one outer longitudinal row of 2, 2, 1, 2 mac finely ciliate; proximal mac normal or apically acuminate, distal mac normal ( Figs 17E–F ); femur I–II internally with 6 mac apically acuminate and finely ciliate, 2 anterior, 2 inner and 2 posterior ones ( Fig. 17E ); femur III with an inner row of 5–8 (3 proximal present or absent) mac finely ciliate and apically rounded, and 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate; anterior side with 1 proximal elongated chaetae apically acuminate ( Fig. 17F ). Tibiotarsus I–III with 7 inner and 1 anterior mac finely ciliate ( Fig. 17G ); tibiotarsal smooth chaeta 0.84 smaller than the unguiculus, tenent hair 0.72 smaller than the unguis outer edge ( Fig. 17I ). Unguis I–III with 3–4 inner teeth, b.t. subequals, larger than the other teeth and on proximal ⅓ of the unguis, m.t. on distal ⅓, a.t. when present minute and on distal ⅙. Unguiculus with all lamellae smooth and acuminate (ae, ai, pe, pi), except pe with minute proximal tooth (very difficult to see) ( Figs 17H–I ); ratio unguis: unguiculus = 1: 0.66.

Collophore ( Fig. 18A ). Anterior side with about 36–37 ciliate chaetae, 4 elongated lateral mes, 10 mes and 18 mic thin widely distributed on tube, and 4–5 distal chaetae finely ciliate, 2 robust mac, 1 mac slightly smaller, and 1–2 mes; posterior side with about 60 ciliate chaetae (5 unpaired), 1 larger median mac, 10 elongated mes and 46 mic thin (5 unpaired) and widely distributed, distally 3 ciliate chaetae, no smooth chaetae; lateral flap with about 14 chaetae, 7 smooth and 7 ciliate.

Furcula. Manubrium laterally with one row of 4–6 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 5) ( Fig. 18B ); ventrally with 6 subapical and 7 elongated scales, internally with 3 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 18C ); manubrial plate dorsally with 5 ciliated chaetae (2 inner larger than the internal ones) and 3 psp ( Fig. 18D ). Dens dorsally with an inner row of 29–40 spines subtly ciliated (holotype with 40) and an outer row of 29–34 spine-like mac ciliated (holotype with 29) ( Fig. 18E ). Mucro twice as long as its width and with 4 teeth, 3 (ap, v1, v2) in one dorsal row and 1 (il) on the inner side ( Fig. 18F ).

Description of the dorsal chaetotaxy in first instar.

Head ( Fig. 19A ). Primary chaetotaxy with 3 ‘An’ (An1–3), 5 ‘A’ (A0–3, A5), 4 ‘M’ (M1–4), 4 ‘S’ (S2–5), 3 ‘IO’ (p, r, t), 3 ‘Ps’ (Ps2–3, Ps5), 5 ‘Pa’ (Pa1–3, Pa5–6), 2 ‘Pm’ (Pm1, Pm3), 5 ‘Pp’ (Pp1–3, Pp5–6), and 4 ‘P3’ (Pe2–3, Pe5–6) chaetae; Pp4 chaeta absent.

Thorax ( Fig. 19B ). Th II a, m and p series with 7 (a1–7), 6 (m1–2, m4–7) and 6 (p1–6) primary chaetae, respectively; m3 chaeta typically absent. Th III a, m and p series with 7 (a1–7), 5 (m1, m4–7) and 7 (p1–7) primary chaetae, respectively, a1 as large scale and m2 and m3 chaetae typically absent.

Abdomen ( Fig. 19C–D ). Abd I a, m and p series with 5 (a1–3, a5–6), 5 (m2–6) and 2 (p6–7?) primary chaetae, respectively, a1 as large scale. Abd II a, m and p series with 6 (a1–3, a5–7), 5 (m2–3, m5–7) and 2 (p6–7) primary chaetae, respectively, a1 as large scale; laterally 1 scale and 1 mic of unclear homology. Abd III a, m and p series with 6 (a1–2, a5–8), 8 (m2–5, am6, pm6, m7–8) and 4 (p3, p6–8) primary chaetae, respectively, a1 as mac and a3 chaeta absent; laterally 2 mic of unclear homology. Abd IV A, B, C, T, D, E and F series with 5 (A2–6), 5 (B2–6), 4 (C1–4), 7 (T1–7), 3 (D1–3), 4 (E1–4) and 3 (F1–3) primary chaetae, respectively; A2 and B2 as scales, A4 chaeta atypical, about 17 sens (as and ps type I, and 15 medial type II) as in adult, D3p bothriotrichum and transversal row of posterior mes absent. Abd V a, m and p series with 4 (a1, a3, a5–6), 3 (m2–3, m5) and 5 (p1, p3–6) chaetae respectively, acc.p4 sens absent.

Etymology. Refers to the color pattern with black lines present laterally (from Latin: nigrus ––black, and linea – –line) on Th II to Abd III of the new species ( Fig. 13 ).

Type material. Holotype female in slide ( INPA-CLL000145 ): Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus municipality, Reserva Ducke, L 8-3500 grid, 02°59’05”S, 59°55’42”W ( Fig. 20 ), 67 m, 23.ix–04.xi.2014, pitfall-trap of 48 hours, T Vicente coll. 104 paratypes: 1 male, 1 female and 1 juvenile on slides ( INPA-CLL000146–48 ): same date as holotype; 15 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000149 ): same date as holotype, except 15.ix–20.v.2006, JLP Souza coll; 5 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000150 ): ditto, except L8-1500 grid, 02°59’16”S, 59°56’46”W, 76 m.; 5 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000151–52 ): ditto, except L7-1500 grid, 02°58’44”S, 59°56’51”W, 102 m.; 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000153 ): ditto, except L7-3500 grid, 02°58’34”S, 59°55’47”W, 108 m.; 7 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000154 ): ditto, except L6-1500 grid, 02°58’12”S, 59°56’56”W, 86 m.; 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000155 ): ditto, except L6-3500 grid, 02°58’02”S, 59°55’52”W, 106 m.; 16 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000156–58 ): ditto, except L4-500 grid, 02°57’13”S, 59°57’38”W, 65 m.; 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA- CLL000159 ): ditto, except L4-4500 grid, 02°56’53”S, 59°55’30”W, 118 m.; 2 males and 1 juvenile on slides ( INPA- CLL000160–62 ): same date as holotype, except L3-3500 grid, 02°56’26”S, 59°56’08”W, 84 m., 25–27.iii.2013, yellow plate trap, NG Cipola & MB Graça coll; 3 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000163 ): ditto, except L3-2500 grid, 02°56’31”S, 59°56’39”W, 76 m.; 2 females on slides ( INPA-CLL000164–65 ): ditto, except L3-4500 grid, 02°56’21”S, 59°55’35”W, 102 m.; 1 male and 1 female on slides ( CC / UFRN): ditto, except trail for L2-1500 grid, 02°56’S, 59°57’W, 98 m.; 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000166 ), same date as holotype, except grid L3-3500, 02°56’32”S, 59°56’39”W, xi.2011, Berlese-Tüllgren funnel, FGL Oliveira & JW Morais coll. 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000167 ), same date as holotype, except headquarters of Reserva Ducke, 02°55’48”S, 59°58’30”W, 104 m, white plate trap, 17-18.x.2019, TM Almeida coll.; 1 male and 1 juvenile on slides and 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000168–70 ): INPA, campus I, “Bosque da Ciência”, 03°05’54”S, 59°59”09”W, 85 m., 22.viii- 02.ix.2016, pitfall-trap, DG Pádua coll; 2 males, 2 females and 1 juvenile of 1° instar in slides and 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000171–76 ): ditto, except 26-31.vii.2012, NG Cipola coll; 10 specimens in alcohol ( INPA- CLL000177 ): ditto, except i.1991 - xii.1994, C Martius coll. 1 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000178 ): PDBFF reserve 1501, km 41, 02°25’S, 59°48’W, on undetermined plant, 15.viii.2006, W Lourenço coll; 1 male and 1 female on slides ( CC / UFRN) and 5 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000179 ): Universidade Federal do Amazonas ( UFAM), mini campus, physical education sector, 03°05’59”S, 59°58’17”W, 51 m., 22–27.viii.2012, pitfall-trap, NG Cipola & MB Graça coll; 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000180 ): “Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental”, in cultivation of conventional and organic Guarana, 02°53’42.18”S, 59°59’10.58”W, 97 m., 14.ix.2012, Moerick, K Schoeninger coll; 5 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000181 ): ditto, except 28.xi.2012; 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000182 ): ditto, except 23.xi.2012; 20 specimens in alcohol ( INPA-CLL000183–84 ): ditto, except 10.xi.2012.

Other examined material. 1 female on slide and 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA): Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco municipality, “Zoobotânico” Park of the Federal University of Acre ( UFAC), 09°57’23”S, 67°52’16”W ( Fig. 20 ), 170 m ., 14–19.xii.2012, yellow pan trap, SS Gadelha coll. 1 female on slide ( INPA), Pará, Belterra municipality, National Forest of “Tapajós”, road BR-163, 02°46’36”S, 54°53’58”W, 167 m ., 02–03.x.2012, pitfall-trap, JMC Nascimento coll. 3 females on slides and 14 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Rondônia, Porto Velho municipality, Ecological Station of “Cuniã” ( ESEC) near to road BR-319, 08°11’27.3”S, 63°45’59.1”W, 78 m ., 19–20.vi.2013, pitfall-trap, MC Ramos coll. 1 male on slide ( INPA): Roraima, Amajarí municipality, “Serra do Tequequém”, “Geladeira” stream, 03°47’00.8”N, 61°44’51.8”W, 549 m ., 15–30.xi.2014, Malaise trap, R Boldrini coll. 6 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo , trail for “Maroaga” cave, road AM-270, km 06, 02°03’06”S, 59°58’14”W, 130m ., 31.viii.2014, aspirator, FGL Oliveira coll. 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA): trail for “ Neblina ” waterfall, road AM-240, 02°01’47.2”S, 59°35’24.1”W, 169 m ., 05.vi.2021, pitfall-trap, NG Cipola & SS Viana coll. 1 specimen in alcohol ( INPA): Nova Olinda do Norte municipality, "Terra Preta" village, margin of "Abacaxi" river, 04°22’27.4”S, 58°38’34.4”W, 40 m ., 22–24.v.2019, Moerick, PCS Barroso coll. 3 males on slides and 7 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Novo Airão municipality, "Anavilhanas" National Park , community of “Santo Antônio”, 02°43’53.0”S, 60°49’31.8”W, 11–12.vi.2016, white plate, DD Silva coll. 1 male and 1 female on slides and 6 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): “ Mato Grosso ” stream, 02°49’00”S, 60°55’08”W, 28–31.iii.2013, yellow plate trap, JT Câmara & AC Maldaner coll. 6 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Iranduba municipality, “Santa Marta” croft, Igapó Forest , 03°06’S, 60°19’W, 37 m ., 13-15.xi.2014, yellow plan trap, ML Oliveira & F Sosa coll. 2 specimens in alcohol ( INPA): Manaus municipality, tower of Reserve “ZF-02”, road BR-374, km 14, 02°35’20.7”S, 60°06’55.3”W, 120 m ., 01–05.xii.2013, Malaise trap in canopy, JA Rafael, JT Câmara & FF Xavier F coll.

Remarks. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov. resembles T. nigrocephala sp. nov. and T. pseudomaculata sp. nov., therefore the comparison between these species is presented in the remarks of T. nigrocephala sp. nov. and Table 2 .

Figures

FIGURE 13. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov., habitus of a fixed specimen in ethanol (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.5mm.

FIGURE 14A–E. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: antennae and dorsal head; A, apex of left Ant IV (dorsal view); B, Ant III distally (lateral view); C, chaetotaxy of left Ant III–I (dorsal view), respectively; D, chaetotaxy of clypeus, prelabrum and labrum; E, head dorsal chaetotaxy and eyes (left side).

FIGURE 15A–D. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: ventral head (right side); A, labial palp and p.c., arrow indicates modified hypostomal appendix; B, maxillary palp and sublobal plate (right side); C, basomedian and basolateral labial fields and p.c., arrow indicates r chaeta; D, complete postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURES 16A–C. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: dorsal chaetotaxy; A, Th II–III; B, Abd I–III; C, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 17A–I. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: legs; A–C, chaetotaxy of subcoxa I–III respectively (outer side); D, trochanteral organ; E, chaetotaxy of the femur I (anterior view); F, chaetotaxy of the femur III (posterior view), proximal arrows indicate inner mac apically rounded present or absent; G, chaetotaxy of the tibiotarsus III (posterior view), arrow indicates mac finely ciliate on anterior side; H, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex I (anterior view); I, distal tibiotarsus and empodial complex III (posterior view), arrow indicates minute a.t. present or absent.

FIGURE 18A–F. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: abdominal appendages; A, collophore (lateral view), arrow on anterior side indicates distal chaeta present or absent; B, chaetotaxy of mac-like spines and elongated chaetae on manubrium (lateral view); C, distal manubrium (ventral view); D, manubrial plate (dorsal view); E, dens chaetotaxy (dorsal view), arrows show distribution of the inner spines and outer mac-like spines ciliate; F, distal dens and mucro (dorsal view).

FIGURES 19A–D. Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov.: dorsal chaetotaxy of the first instar; A, head; B, Th II–III; C, Abd I–III; D, Abd IV–V.

FIGURE 20. Records map of Trogolaphysa nigrolineata sp. nov., star represents the type locality and circles the additional localities.