Graphis mokanarum Lücking, Moncada, 2019

Lücking, Robert, Moncada, Bibiana, Habibe, María Cristina Martínez-, Salgado- Negret, Beatriz E., Celis, Marcela, Zamora, Oscar Rojas-, Rodríguez- M., Gina M., Brokamp, Grischa & Borsch, Thomas, 2019, Lichen diversity in colombian caribbean dry forest remnants, Caldasia 41 (1), pp. 94-214 : 207-208

Graphis mokanarum Lücking, Moncada & M.C. Martínez sp. nov.

Mycobank MB 828116

( Fig. 3c ).

Diagnosis. Differing from Graphis microsperma in the larger ascospores and the stictic acid chemistry.

Type. COLOMBIA. Atlántico: Usiacurí, Distrito Regional de Manejo Integrado ( DMI) Luriza ; 10º44’22” N, 75º01’24” W, 100–200 m; 1 December 2015; R. Lücking, B. Moncada et al. 42930 ( UNO, holotype; B, isotype) .

Description. Thallus corticolous, epiperidermal, up to 10 cm diam., continuous, light greenish grey, uneven to minutely verruculose, opaque; prothallus not observed. Thallus in section 40–50 µm thick, with distinct. prosoplectenchymatous cortex and distinct photobiont layer, blurry through incrustation with numerous small crystals. Ascomata lirellate, irregularly branched, erumpent, 1–5 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm broad, 0.15–0.2 mm high; disc concealed; labia entire, apically exposed, whitish, with thick, lateral to almost complete, uneven to verruculose thalline margin. Excipulum uncarbonized, 30–50 µm broad, orangebrown; hypothecium 10–15 µm high, hyaline to yellowish. Hymenium 80–100 µm high, clear; paraphyses unbranched, apically smooth. Asci 80–90 × 20–25 µm, oblong. Ascospores 8 per ascus, muriform, with (5–) 7 transverse septa and 1–3 longitudinal septa per segment, 25–30 × 10–12 µm, oblongellipsoid, with thickened septa and rounded lumina, hyaline, I+ violet-blue. Secondary chemistry: stictic acid, thallus in section with K+ persistently yellow efflux.

Etymology. This new species is dedicated to the Mokaná, the only indigenous community in Atlántico ( Borda 2009, Montoya and Siegler 2010, 2011). The name is said to mean “ those without feathers ” in the Mokaná language, but this interpretation is disputed ( Montoya and Siegler 2010). The Mokaná language has become extinct, but the community, which was considered near-extinct about three decades ago, is recovering its cultural traditions in a process of re-indigenization ( Borda 2009).

Remarks. Because of its uncarbonized excipulum, this species corresponds to the concept of the genus Hemithecium , which has now been subsumed under the genera Graphis and Allographa ( Lücking and Kalb 2018) . Among these two genera there are only two species with uncarbonized excipulum, small, muriform ascospores, and secondary substances: G. microsperma (Chitale, Makhija & B. O. Sharma) Lücking & Kalb from India differs in the smaller ascospores (15–20 × 8–14 µm) and the formation of norstictic instead of stictic acid, whereas Allographa dispersa (Redinger) Lücking & Kalb agrees in ascospore size, but also differs in the norstictic acid chemistry and the very short, prominent, white lirellae contrasting with the brownish thallus. The new species is morphologically similar to the widespread Graphis implicata Fée , which differs in the transversely septate ascospores and lack of secondary substances.

Additional specimen examined.

COLOMBIA. Atlántico: Piojó, Reserva Forestal Protectora ( RFP) El Palomar ;

10º45’47” N, 75º08’56” W, 200–600 m; 18 March 2016, R . Lücking, B. Moncada et al. 42975 (B, UNO, paratypes) .

Figures

Figure 3. Species of lichens new to science. a. Fissurina linoana (42977b, holotype); b. Graphis lurizana (42922, holotype); c. Graphis mokanarum (42930, holotype); d. Phaeographis galeanoae (42981, holotype). Thalli with ascomata. Scale = 1 mm.