Bittacus brasiliensis Klug, 1838

Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello & Rafael, José Albertino, 2018, The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species, Zootaxa 4526 (3), pp. 303-330 : 306

Bittacus brasiliensis Klug, 1838

( Figs. 1b , 8e , 12a )

Bittacus brasiliensis: Klug, 1838:98 ; Esben-Petersen, 1921:152; Penny & Byers, 1979b:367; Willmann, 1983:53; Machado et al., 2009:36; Machado, 2018.

Lectotype female (present designation): ZMHB: Casapava, Sello (green label)/ cotype (red label)/ 217 (white label)/ 1. (white label)/ Bittacus brasiliensis Klug (white label). Lectotype represented in figure 1b. There are now two paralectotypes, both females deposited at ZMHB, with labels equal to the lectotype except by the small white label “1.”, present only in the lectotype. High resolution images of the three specimens were examined here. Species also known from Rio Grande do Sul ( Fig. 12a ), and Argentina: Missiones .

Bittacus brasiliensis is an enigmatic species, known only by the type series from Brazil and an additional male from Argentina ( Kimmins 1939). Its wing venation is distinctive ( Fig. 1b ) from that of other Brazilian Bittacus (see identification key), so much so that the species was not included in Thyridates by Willmann (1983) and Collucci & Amorim (2000). All of the type series specimens of B. brasiliensis have labels mentioning only Cassapava as the type locality, and Sellow as the collector ( Klug 1838). Friedrich Sellow (or Sello) was a famous German insect collector who spent a long time in southern and southeastern Brazil. One of his most famous and longer campaigns (1823–1826) was in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), where he collected a large number of insects that were all shipped to Berlin ( Papavero 1971). During his trips in Brazil, Sellow recorded very extensive and detailed journals, where he mentioned several trips to Cassapava (RS) ( Papavero 1971), probably where the type series of B. brasiliensis comes from. Cassapava (RS) corresponds today to the municipality of Caçapava do Sul located in a mountainous region in the central RS. The record of B. brasiliensis from Argentina (Misiones: Loreto) ( Kimmins 1939) reinforces the idea that the Brazilian specimens were also collected in the southernmost regions of Brazil. This explanation is needed because the name Cassapava might generate some confusion, since another city located in the Atlantic rain forest in São Paulo state was also named Cassapava (known today as Caçapava). Sellow did spend some time collecting in São Paulo state, but there is no mention of Cassapava in his journals during that time ( Papavero 1971).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bittacus adult habitus images. a) B. angrensis; b) B. brasiliensis, lectotype; c) B. flavescens, holotype; d) B. geniculatus, holotype. Scale bars = 1 mm. Type specimen photos provided by Michael Ohl (ZMHB).

FIGURE 8. Brazilian Bittacus male epandria, dorsal view. a) B. angrensis; b) B. aripuanensis; c) B. blancheti; d) B. boraceiensis; e) B. brasiliensis; f) B. cruzi sp. n.; g) B. diversinervis; h) B. femoralis; i) B. ferreirai sp. n.; j) B. flavescens; k) B. froehlichi; l) B. genicutalus; m) B. latreillei; n) B. maculosus; o) B. omega; p) B. pintoi; q) B. varzeanus sp. n.

FIGURE 12. Distribution records of Bittacus species in Brazil. a) B. angrensis, B. aripuanensis, B. blancheti, B. brasiliensis, B. brunipennis; b) B. boraceiensis, B. cruzi sp. n., B. diversinervis, B. femoralis; c) B. ferreirai sp. n., B. flavescens, B. froehlichi, B. latreillei; d) B. maculosus, B. omega, B. pintoi, B. varzeanus sp. n. Bittacus geniculatus is not represented because of its imprecise location.