Anthracinae, Latreille, 1804

Greathead, D. J. & Evenhuis, N. L., 2001, Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae), African Invertebrates 42 (1820), pp. 105-224 : 182-183

Key to tribes and genera of Anthracinae

1 R 2+3 originating at an acute angle close to origin of Rs ( Fig. 87 ); face not produced or with oral rim slightly projecting; abdomen conical or elongate ovate; palpi with two segments; male holoptic ..................................................... Aphoebantini …2

– R 2+3 originating at right angles between the origin of Rs and the r-m crossvein ( Figs 88–99 ), exceptionally (some Prorostomatini) arising at an acute angle close to origin of Rs but then face is produced; face projecting or smoothly rounded; abdomen conical, elongate ovate or broad and flattened; palpi with one segment; male dichoptic ............................................................................................................... 5

2 Interradial crossvein complete (3 submarginal cells) ........................................... 3 – Interradial crossvein incomplete (2 submarginal cells) ........................................ 4

3 Cell r 5 closed and stalked; face with hair evenly distributed; frons with erect bristly hair ............................................................................................... Pteraulax Bezzi

– Cell r 5 open; face with a brush of bristly hair at apex; frons with dense scales and fine hair ( Fig. 54 ) ................................................................. Pteraulacodes Hesse

4 Antenna with two flagellomeres: gonocoxae evenly tapered from a broad base; aedeagus conical .................................................................... Aphoebantus Loew

– Antenna with three flagellomeres: gonocoxae broad in basal half, abruptly narrowed in middle and narrow in apical half; aedeagus elongate and narrow ....................... Cononedys Hermann

5 R 2+3 usually originating closer to the origin of Rs than to the r-m crossvein; facial cone strongly developed and distinctly separated from frons ( Fig. 55 ); hind margin of eye usually without a bisecting line; body narrow, elongate ( Fig. 77 ) ................ Prorostomatini …6

– R 2+3 originating closer to r-m crossvein than to Rs or opposite it; face projecting to a variable extent but not distinctly separated from frons or smoothly rounded; hind margin of eye usually with a bisecting line; body narrow, elongate, or broad, abdomen flattened ............................................................................................... 11

6 Interradial crossvein absent (2 submarginal cells)................................................ 7 – Interradial crossvein present (3 submarginal cells) ( Fig. 77 ) ... Stomylomyia Bigot

7 Wing with alula reduced or vestigial and axillary lobe narrow; eye indentation very shallow .................................................................................................................. 8

– Wing with alula and axillary lobe broad; eye indentation shallow or deep and angular ................................................................................................................ 10

8 Wing usually hyaline; R 2+3 without an appendix near its base; fore and mid femora without strong bristles; front claws usually markedly reduced ............................ 9

– Wings with a distinct basicostal infusion; R 2+3 sharply bent near its base and emitting an appendix; all femora with strong bristles; front claws at most only slightly smaller than middle ones .................................................................... Coryprosopa Hesse

9 Occiput long behind ocellar triangle, central groove deep and narrower than ocellar triangle (Fig. 57); fore tarsi at least as long as fore tibiae, without distinct spinules below; claws markedly reduced or vestigial; phallosome short and with a large epiphallus .............................................................................. Plesiocera Macquart

– Occiput short behind ocellar triangle, central groove as broad as ocellar triangle (Fig. 58); fore tarsi shorter than fore tibiae, with distinct spinules below; front claws scarcely smaller than middle ones; phallosome long and slender, without a prominent epiphallus ................................................................. Conomyza Hesse

10 Hind margin of eyes only slightly emarginate; hind margin of scutellum rounded, not shining ............................................................................... Prorostoma Hesse

Figures

Figs 87–90. Bombyliidae wings. 87. Pteraulax flexicornis Bezzi (from Hesse 1956). 88. Petrorossia letho (Wiedemann) (from Hull 1973). 89. Dicranoclista simpsoni Bezzi. 90. Anthrax aygulus Fabricius (all from Bezzi 1924).

Figs 91–94. Bombyliidae wings. 91. Thyridanthrax perspicillaris (Loew) (from Bezzi 1924). 92. Hemipenthes velutinus (Meigen) (from Austen 1937). 93. Exhyalanthrax transiens (Bezzi) (from Austen 1929). 94. Litorhina dentifera (Bezzi) (from Bezzi 1924).

Figs 95–99. Bombyliidae wings. 95. Heteralonia spoliata (Bezzi). 96. Exoprosopa batrachoides Bezzi. 97. Ligyra atricosta Bezzi (all from Bezzi 1924). 98. Heteralonia azaniae Greathead and Evenhuis sp. n. 99. Exoprosopa enigma Greathead and Evenhuis sp. n.

Figs 51–56. (Figs 51–56) Bombyliidae heads, lateral view. 51. Villa hottentotta (Linnaeus). 52. Pachyanthrax sp. 53. Exhyalanthrax muscarius (Pallas) [all from Greathead 1981]. 54. Pteraulacodes karooensis Hesse. 55. Stomylomyia europaea (Loew) [all from Hesse 1956]. 56. Desmatoneura nivea (Rossi) (from Engel 1936). (Figs 57–58) Bombyliidae heads, dorsal view (from Hesse 1956). 57. Plesiocera psammophila Hesse. 58. Conomyza semirufella Hesse.

Figs 76–77. Bombyliidae habitus drawings. 76. Eurycarenus melanurus Bezzi, male (from Bezzi 1924). 77. Stomylomyia europaea (Loew), female (from Austen 1937).