Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854)

Pitriana, Pipit, Jones, Diana S., Corbari, Laure & Rintelen, Kristina von, 2020, New insights gained from museum collections: Deep-sea barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia, Thoracica) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, collected during the Karubar expedition in 1991, Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2), pp. 649-698 : 649

Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) Figure 40

Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854: 240 (part.), pl. 5, fig. 2a-d, i-k, m-o. - Weltner 1897: 264. - Hoek 1913: 167. - Pilsbry 1916: 89. - Zevina et al. 1992: 89, fig. 61. - Puspasari et al. 2001: 7.

Balanus amphitrite var. (1) communis Darwin, 1854: 240, pl. 5, fig. 2e, h, l.

Balanus amphitrite communis . - Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 311, fig. 64.

Balanus amphitrite forma hawaiiensis Broch, 1922: 314, fig. 56 (part.).

Balanus amphitrite forma denticulata Broch, 1927b: 133, fig. 14 (part.).

Balanus amphitrite hawaiiensis . - Hiro, 1937c: 432, figs 20, 21.

Balanus amphitrite cochinensis Nilsson-Cantell, 1938b: 43, fig. 11a-e.

Balanus amphitrite var. fluminensis Oliveira, 1941: 21, pl. 4, fig. 4, pl. 5, figs 1, 2, pl. 8, figs 1-5.

Balanus amphitrite var. aeratus Oliveira, 1941: 22, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 9, figs 1-4.

Balanus amphitrite herzi Rogers, 1949: 28, pl. 1, figs 6, 12-15.

Balanus amphitrite franciscanus Rogers, 1949: 29, pl. 1, figs 5, 7, 16-19.

Balanus amphitrite var. columnarius Tarasov & Zevina, 1957: 179, 184, fig. 68 a-e.

Balanus amphitrite denticulata Henry, 1959: 192, pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 3, fig. 7, upper row right.

Balanus amphitrite amphitrite . - Harding, 1962: 274, pl. 1a-g, pl. 2a-k. - Dong et al. 1982: 90, fig. A-E. - Rosell 1981: 302.

Balanus amphitrite var. Hawaiiensis . - Stubbings, 1963b: 15.

Amphibalanus amphitrite . - Pitombo, 2004: 263, 274, figs 2A, B, 7A, B, 8C. - Chan et al. 2009b: 241. - Chen et al. 2014: 1071. - Pochai et al. 2017: 27, fig. 9. - Pitriana et al. 2020: 42, fig. 21.

Material examined.

- Tanimbar Island: 4 specimens, MNHN-IU-2019-4815, Stn. CP 52, 08°03'S, 131°48'E, 1244-1266 m depth, 30 October 1991.

Diagnosis.

Primary parietal tubes with transverse septa; exterior of shell with longitudinal purple striations, horizontal striations absent; tergum short with wide spur; cirri III-VI with erect teeth below posterior angles of distal; cirrus III without complex setae.

Description.

Shell six-plated, conical, round; externally smooth, white with groups of well-spaced, dark purple vertical stripes; horizontal striations on shell surface absent. Interior of paries with single row of tubes; radii solid, wide; alae with summits moderately oblique; basis porose, calcareous. Scutum externally striped, occludent margin toothed, lateral depressor muscle pit small. Tergum with spur wider than long, less than its own width from basi-scutal angle. Cirrus I with unequal rami (anterior ramus: 10-segmented; posterior ramus: 16-segmented). Cirrus II with slightly equal rami (anterior ramus: 10-segemented; posterior ramus: 12-segmented). Cirrus III with rami subequal (anterior ramus: 12-segmented; posterior ramus: 13-segmented. Cirri IV-VI with rami subequal, longer, more slender. Penis moderately long, tapering distally, sparse, minute hairs on surface, distinctly hairy distally. Labrum deeply notched, numerous teeth on each side. Maxilla without notch below upper pair of spines, nine spines between upper and lower pairs, few short spines on inferior angle; lower pair of spines usually on slight prominence, which may be sometimes moderately strong or strong. Mandible with five teeth, inferior angle with second tooth bifid. Measurements of four specimens: basal length of shell 5.27-12.10 mm, orifice length 3.81-7.89 mm, carinal height 3.64-5.65 mm, orifice width 2.72-5.22 mm, basal width 4.62-12.03 mm.

Distribution.

Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters. Bermuda & SE USA to Brazil; England and West Europe to South coast of Africa Red, Black and Mediterranean Seas; Suez Canal; SE Africa; Indian Ocean; Australia; Singapore; Malaysia; Réam (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Vietnam; Condor Island; Tang Trien (South Annam); Cauda Nhatrang; Hongay, Tonkin; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Bohai Sea; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; South Honsyu, Kyusyu & Ryukyu Island; Vladivostok; Hawaii; central California to SW Mexico; fouling species; lower littoral to sublittoral ( Jones and Hosie 2016). Recently, also recorded from Ambon Island and Saparua Island, Indonesia ( Pitriana et al. 2020). In this study, Amphibalanus amphitrite was found at Tanimbar Island, Indonesia.

Type locality.

Natal, on a piece of bamboo ( Darwin 1854).

Remarks.

Known as an important fouling species of ships and marine installations. The suggestion of anti-fouling paint on the bases of the specimens examined suggests that these specimens were probably knocked off the ship during trawling operations, explaining the great depth at which these specimens were collected, as the normal depth range is 0-9 m.

Figures

Figure 40. Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (MNHN-IU- 2019 - 4815). a. orifice view; b. right lateral view; c. basal view. Scale bar: 4 mm (a-c).