Canthon (Goniocanthon) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922

Nunes, Luis Gabriel de O. A., Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De, Fernando Z., 2018, Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), European Journal of Taxonomy 437, pp. 1-31 : 10-11

Canthon (Goniocanthon) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev.

Figs 2 B–D, 5, 8

Canthon speculifer var. subviridis Schmidt, 1922: 69 .

Canthon speculifer var. subviridis – Blackwelder 1944: 201 (catalogue).

Canthon (Goniocanthon) smaragdulum v. subviride – Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191 (species list).

Diagnosis

In the subgenus, C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis stat. rev. is separated by the following combination of characters: ventral surface of meso- and metafemora smooth ( Fig. 1A ); dorsal surface of pronotum and elytral disc with similar metallic green colouration ( Fig. 2B ); metasternum anterior lobe strongly convex ( Fig. 1B ); profemur with a tooth on its anterior border. Paramera: on lateral view ( Fig. 1G ): flattened; apex truncated; upper angle rounded; lower angle acute, forming a spine or tooth. Internal sac ( Fig. 5 ): FLP involving A forming a central duct with spiniform apex. SA lateral to FLP + A complex present. MP distal to A, not divided, semicircular, widely emarginated; FLP + A complex involved by MP.

Material examined

Lectotype (for Canthon speculifer var. subviridis Schmidt 1922 ; here designated)

BRAZIL: ♁, Espir. Santo (white label) / 3271 E92+ (blue) / LECTOTYPE, Canthon speculifer var subviridis A. Schmidt , des F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 (red with black margins) ( NMRS 3271 E92+).

Paralectotypes

BRAZIL: 1 ♁, Espir. Santo (white label) / 3271 E92+ (blue) / PARALECTOTYPE, Canthon speculifer var subviridis A. Schmidt , des F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 (yellow with black margins) ( NMRS 3271 E92+); 1 ♁, same label data as for preceding, but 3268 E92+ ( NMRS 3268 E92+); 1 ♁, same label data as for preceding, but 3269 E92+ ( NMRS 3269 E92+); 1 ♁, same label data as for preceding, but 3270 E92+ ( NMRS 3270 E92+); 1 ♁, same label data as for preceding, but 3285 E92+ ( NMRS 3285 E92+); 1 ♀, same label data as for preceding, but 3277 E92+ ( NMRS 3277 E92+); 1 ♀, same label data as for preceding, but 3287 E92+ ( NMRS 3287 E92+); 1 ♀, same label data as for preceding, but 3286 E92+ ( NMRS 3286 E92+); 1 ♀, same label data as for preceding, but 3288 E92+ ( NMRS 3288 E92+).

Non-type material (68 specimens)

BRAZIL – Ceará: 1 ♀, C Pioson, coll. Hangay, Walter Heinz ex coll. and leg. ( CEMT). – Alagoas: 1 ♁, Ibateguara, 12 Oct. 2007, B.K.C. Filgueiras leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, Ibateguara, Serra Grande, 8°59′44″ S, 35º53′15″ W, Mata Atlântica borda, pitfall, 1 Nov. 2011, B.K.C. Filgueiras leg. ( CEMT). – Bahia: 3 ♁♁, 4 ♀♀, Itabuna, CEPLAC, Cabruca, 10 Jan. 2003, M. Santos leg. ( CEMT). – Minas Gerais: 2 ♁♁, Mariléia, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 19º45′19″ S, 42°37′43″ W, 13 Oct. 1992, J.N.C. Louzada leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, Mariléia, Pq. Est. Rio Doce, Feb. 2000, L. Scoss leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, same data as for preceding, but Nov. 1992, J.N.C. Louzada leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♀, Ipatinga, Aug. 1994, G. Turrer leg. ( CEMT). – Espírito Santo: 1 ♁, Soorotema, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Cinco Folhas, 19º08′34″ S, 40º03′56″ W, 59 m a.s.l., human faeces, pitfall, 2 Feb. 2015, T. Vargas and L. Lopes leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, 1 ♀, Soorotema, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Cinco Folhas, 19º08′56″ S, 40º04′08″ W, 71 m a.s.l., pitfall, 3 Feb. 2015, T. Vargas and L. Lopes leg. ( CEMT); 2 ♀♀, Soorotema, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Cinco Folhas, 19º08′57″ S, 40º04′07″ W, 65 m a.s.l., human faeces, pitfall, 3 Feb. 2015, T. Vargas and L. Lopes leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but 19°08′58″ S, 40°04′07″ W, 70 m a.s.l., ( CEMT); 1 ♀, Soorotema, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Cinco Folhas, 19º08′32″ S, 40º03′55″ W, 59 m a.s.l., human faeces, pitfall, 2 Feb. 2015, T. Vargas and L. Lopes leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, 2 ♀♀, same data as for preceding, but 19º09′09″ S, 40º02′19″ W ( CEMT); 1 ♁, Soorotema, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Flamengo, 19º09′07″ S, 40º03′00″ W, 11 m a.s.l., human faeces, pitfall, 2 Feb. 2015, T. Vargas and L. Lopes leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but 17 m a.s.l. ( CEMT). – Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♁, Xerém, 17 Aug. 1993, Áureo leg. ( CEMT); 6 ♁♁, 2 ♀♀, Guapimirim, PARNA Serra dos Órgãos, -22.530383, -43.001075, 100 m a.s.l., pitfall, 16–18 Dec. 2014, C. Araújo and R. Andrade leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but -22.516573, -43.007579, 259 m a.s.l. ( CEMT); 2 ♁♁, same data as for preceding, but -22.494686, -43.002185, 400 m a.s.l. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, same data as for preceding, but -22.426, -42.992918, 600 m a.s.l. ( CEMT); 2 ♀♀, same data as for preceding, but -22.524244, -43.000526, 150 m a.s.l. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, same data as for preceding, but -22.468017, -42.998243, 800 m a.s.l. ( CEMT); 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but 22º28′34″ S, 42º59′30″ W, Dec. 2014 ( CEMT); 1 ♀, Guapimirim, PARNASO, 22º29′41″ S, 43º0′0″ W, 350 m a.s.l., pitfall, 16–18 Dec. 2014, C. Araújo and R. Andrade leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but 22º31′05″ S, 43º0′17″ W, 200 m a.s.l. ( CEMT). – São Paulo: 3 ♁♁, Ubatuba, Oct. 1998 ( CEMT); 1 ♁, Ubatuba, Banana podre, 25 Mar. 2003 ( CEMT); 8 ♁♁, 2 ♀♀, Campinas, Bosque São José, 21 Sep. 1997, M. R. Mattos leg. ( CEMT); 1 ♁, 1 ♀, same data as for preceding, but 19 Aug. 1997, M. Castro leg. ( CEMT).

Distribution

Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro ( Fig. 8 ).

Taxonomic remarks

Canthon smaragdulus subviridis stat. rev. was described as a variety of C. speculifer ( Schmidt 1922) . It was also listed as a variety of Goniocanthon smaragdulus in a catalogue, but Vulcano & Pereira (1964) did not explicitly treat this as a taxonomic act, nor did they consult the type material. Finally, this taxon is also treated as a variety of C. smaragdulus in a catalogue by Vaz-de-Mello (2000).

Figures

Fig. 2. A. Canthon (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781). – B–D. C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev. A–B. Habitus. C. Male protibial spur. D. Female protibial spur. Scale bar: A–B = 5.0 mm.

Fig. 1. A–C, G–H. Canthon (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781). – D–F, I–J. Canthon (G.) fulgidus fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868. A, D. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. B, E. Metasternal anterior lobe convex. C, F. Dorsal view showing convex pygidium. G, I. Paramera lateral view. H, J. Paramera dorsal view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.

Fig. 5. Sclerites of the internal sac of Canthon (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8. Distribution map for subspecies of Goniocanthon: C. (G.) fulgidus martinezi subsp. nov. (green triangle); C. (G.) fulgidus pereirai subsp. nov. (red triangle); C. (G.) fulgidus fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868 (yellow triangle); C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt, 1922 stat. rev. (green circle); C. (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781) (blue circle) and C. bicolor Castelnau, 1840 (brown square).