Puto, Signoret, 1876

Powell, Erin C. & Miller, Douglass R., 2024, Three new species of Puto giant mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Putoidae) from Mexico and Guatemala, with keys to New World adult females and World adult males, Zootaxa 5443 (3), pp. 301-336 : 302-303

Key to the instars of all described Puto species

1(0) Without wings or wing pads............................................................................. 2

- With wings or wing pads............................................................................... 6

2(1) Anal-lobe cerarius containing more than 2 conical setae....................................................... 3

- Anal-lobe cerarius containing 2 conical setae........................................................ First-instar nymph

3(2) Antenna 7-segmented, rarely 8-segmented; translucent pores absent............................................. 4

- Antenna 8- or 9-segmented; hind tibia usually with translucent pores............................................ 5

4(3) Dorsal surface outside of cerarii with oral-collar tubular ducts.................................... Second-instar male

- Dorsal surface outside of cerarii without oral-collar tubular ducts............................... Second-instar female

5(3) Vulva present; antenna 9- (rarely 8) segmented; trochanter with 3 or 4 campaniform sensilla on each surface.....Adult female

- Vulva absent; antenna 8-segmented; trochanter with 2 campaniform sensilla on each surface.........Third-instar female

6(1) Wings well developed; genital capsule with sclerotized aedeagus........................................ Adult male

- Wings in form of pads; genital capsule without sclerotized aedeagus...............................................7

7(6) Lateral margins of abdominal segments without sclerotized projections; dorsal oral-collar tubular ducts present...................................................................................... Third-instar male (pre-pupa)

- Lateral margins of abdominal segments with some sclerotized projections; dorsal oral-collar tubular ducts absent....................................................................................Fourth-instar male (pupa)