Carrhenes decens (A. Butler, 1874) Zhang & Cong & Shen & Grishin, 2022

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2022, Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 2022 (921), pp. 1-135 : 30

Carrhenes decens (A. Butler, 1874) , new combination

Genomic sequencing reveals that Antigonus decens Butler, 1874 (type locality Peru) is not monophyletic with Antigonus erosus (Hübner, [1812]) (type locality not given), the type species of Antigonus Hübner, [1819] ( Fig. 6 ), and instead is in the same clade with Carrhenes Godman and Salvin, 1895 (type species Leucochitonea fuscescens Mabille, 1891 ), suggesting Carrhenes decens (A. Butler, 1874) , new combination.

Paches era Evans, 1953 is a junior subjective synonym of Santa palica ( Mabille, 1888) , reinstated status, new combination

Currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of Chiothion asychis (Stoll, 1780) (type locality Suriname), Ephyriades palica Mabille, 1888 (type locality Peru: Pebas) is not only a species distinct from C. asychis , but also it belong to a different tribe: Pyrgini Burmeister, 1878 instead of Erynnini Brues and Carpenter, 1932, because it is in the same clade with Santa Grishin, 2019 (type species Carrhenes santes Bell, 1940 ) ( Fig. 6 ), implying Santa palica ( Mabille, 1888) , new combination. Sequencing of the S. palica holotype, female (NVG-15032B09), in the ZMHB reveals that it is conspecific with Paches era Evans, 1953 (type locality Peru: Rio Pacaya, known only from males), making the latter a junior subjective synonym of the former. The two taxa cluster closely in the genomic tree and COI barcodes of specimens we sequenced differ only by 0.15% (1 bp). Sexual dimorphism is quite striking in this species and made it a challenge to associate the sexes in the absence of DNA data. Furthermore, because the holotype of S. palica is lacking an abdomen, this association with P. era males by DNA suggests that it is a female.

Figures

Figure 6. Genomic trees of Pyrgini and relatives. See Fig. 1 legend for notations.