Glossosoma (Lipoglossa) kamael, Malicky 2012, Malicky, 2012

Zang, Hao-Ming, Ge, Xin-Yu, Wang, Bei-Xin & Sun, Chang-Hai, 2022, Description of adult female, larva, and pupa of Glossosoma (Lipoglossa) kamael Malicky 2012 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) associated by COI sequences from China, Zootaxa 5200 (2), pp. 149-168 : 152-164

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.2.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:169E367C-198D-4250-98AA-D37D9D4C572C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17627345
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1839878A-1257-8362-81CA-FF0FFAF0F8AC
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Glossosoma (Lipoglossa) kamael
status

Treatment

Result

Materials examined: P.R. China, Qinghai Province: 8 males, 1 female, 21 larvae and 10 pupae, Men-yuan County, Xia-da-tan Town , 37°26′50″N, 101°27′26″E, alt. 2866 m a.s.l., 4 July 2021, leg. ZANG, H-m. (NJAU) GoogleMaps .

Biology and habitat: Larvae and pupae of G. kamael were found in a slow-flowing stream. The substrate of the stream was mainly cobblestones and sand ( Fig. 1B View FIGURE 1 ). The riparian vegetation types were meadow and shrub ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ). The larvae of G. kamael were grazing under or on the lateral surface of cobblestones ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ) where these scrapers were feeding on the algae attached on the surfaces of the cobblestones; pupae were attached to these stones.

Description

Cases ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 2A–2D View FIGURE 2 ): Cases of larvae and pupae both mainly made of pebbles, with no difference in shape between larval and pupal cases. Pebbles in dorsal dome of larval case slightly larger than those in ventral strap and each side of dome usually consisting of 1 flat, long, and wide pebble ( Figs 2A, 2B View FIGURE 2 ). Pupal cases slightly larger than larval cases and without a ventral strap; otherwise resembling larval cases ( Figs 2C, 2D View FIGURE 2 ). Stones of larval and pupal cases with spaces among them allowing water to flow readily through them ( Wiggins 2004, fig. 36).

Female ( Figs 3A–3C View FIGURE 3 , 4A–4C View FIGURE 4 ): Abdominal segment VIII tubular with posterior margin slightly incised dorsally and ventrally; pair of internal apodemes extending from middle of segment VIII to nearly anterior margin of segment VII ( Figs 3A, 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Segment IX sclerotized dorsally and membranous ventrally; in dorsal view tergite subrectangular with lateral margins slightly concave; lateral margins each bearing strongly sclerotized black internal apodeme extending from posterior margin of segment IX to anterior margin of segment VII ( Figs 3A, 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Segment X ovoid with pair of stout and short cerci and decorated with pattern of brown papillae dorsally and ventrally ( Figs 3A, 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Spermathecal sclerite tubular with each side of lateral portion extremely incised anteriorly; anterodorsal margin slightly convex and anteroventral margin M-shaped ( Figs 4A–4C View FIGURE 4 ). Ventral portion of spermathecal sclerite with lateral margin strongly sclerotized and other portions semi-sclerotized ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Dorsal portion of spermathecal sclerite entirely sclerotized, but weaker than ventrolateral margins ( Figs 4A View FIGURE 4 ); dorsal portion of spermathecal sclerite shorter than ventral one ( Figs 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Abdominal sternite VI process triangular with anterior margin more strongly sclerotized than posterior margin ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ).

Larva (final instar):

Head ( Figs 5A–5D View FIGURE 5 , 6A–6E View FIGURE 6 ). Head capsule subtrapezoid, dark brown with parietals rounded, especially broad at basal 1/3 ( Figs 5A–5D View FIGURE 5 ); 0.83 mm long and 0.57 mm wide in dorsal view (n = 10). Some darker muscle scars randomly arranged posteriorly on each parietal apotome ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Dorsal ecdysial lines bright yellow and conspicuous ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Frontoclypeal sutures sinuate on medial sides of eyes ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Eyes oval, black, each surrounded by yellow halo bearing 3 black setae ( Figs 5A, 5C View FIGURE 5 ). In ventral view, anterior ventral apotome (avp) triangular; ventral ecdysial line about twice length of anterior ventral apotome; submentum somewhat pentagonal, posteriorly with pair of submesal incisions, anterior margin bearing pair of brown setae laterally ( Figs 6A–6C View FIGURE 6 ). Labium with 3 ventral rods, middle one rectangular and longer than lateral ones ( Fig. 6A, 6B View FIGURE 6 ). In lateral view, some darker muscle scars scattered on postgenae ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Mandibles each subdivided into basal and apical portions; basal portion dark brown and trapezoid in ventral view; apical portion with inner portion brown and outer portion dark brown, triangular in dorsal view; median blade serrated but lacking teeth, suited for scraping; inner margin of each mandible bearing about 15 long setae ventrally ( Fig. 6D–6E View FIGURE 6 ).

Thorax ( Figs 7A–7F View FIGURE 7 ). Prothorax with notum, pleura, and sternum sclerotized; mesothorax with pleura and sternum sclerotized; metathorax with pleura sclerotized.

Pronotum dark brown, subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, and subdivided longitudinally by dorsomesal suture, anterior margin arched and bearing 5 pairs of slender black setae ( Fig. 7A, 7C View FIGURE 7 ). Subtriangular in lateral view, with triangular black spot extending mesad beyond “os” seta and as far as “is” seta on each anterolateral margin above anterior corner of forecoxa ( Figs 7B, 7D View FIGURE 7 , 12A View FIGURE 12 ) and with black mark on each posterolateral margin; 3 pairs of setal areas arranged transversely near posterolateral margins each with 2–4 setae ( Figs 7B, 7D View FIGURE 7 , red arrows). Propleura small, rectangular in lateral view, with no evident foretrochantins, possibly indistinguishably fused with propleura ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Prosternum black, subdivided longitudinally by pale mesal membrane, with each side subtriangular; posterolateral corners each connected with black longitudinal bar by transverse membranous strap ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ).

Meso- and metanota with terga entirely membranous; meso- and metapleura on each side both divided into episternum and epimeron by vertical pleural suture ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Mesopleuron dark brown with pleural suture black; anterior episternum trapezoidal and posterior epimeron elongate-triangular ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Metapleuron dark brown with pleural suture black; episternum rhomboid and epimeron trapezoidal ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Height of each mesopleuron slightly greater than that of metapleuron ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Pair of mesosternal sclerites each with outer end bifid and produced into 2 lobes, anterior lobe finer and shorter than posterior one; inner end of each sclerite broad and unbranched, sclerotization weaker than outer ends ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ).

Legs ( Figs 8A–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9A–9C View FIGURE 9 , 10A–10D View FIGURE 10 ). Dark to light brown. Forecoxae rhomboid ( Figs 8A, 8B View FIGURE 8 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ); midcoxae subpentagonal, slightly broader than forecoxae ( Figs 8C, 8D View FIGURE 8 , 9B View FIGURE 9 ); hind coxae subpentagonal and slightly broader than midcoxae ( Figs 8C–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Trochanters each 2-segmented; foretrochanters each with basal joint trapezoid and apical joint triangular ( Figs 8A, 8B View FIGURE 8 , 9A View FIGURE 9 ); mid- and hindtrochanters each with basal joint subtriangular and apical joint triangular ( Figs 8C–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9B, 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Femora each trapezoidal with upper margin bearing 1 brown slender seta (fbs) near 1/3 length, lower margin bearing pale seta (fp) near midlength, anterior and posterior surfaces each bearing 1 or 2 dark subapical setae (fsa), and with apicodorsal margin bearing black spot ( Figs 8A–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9A–9C View FIGURE 9 ). All tibiae trapezoidal with 1 brown slender seta (tbs) basodorsally, 2 brown setae (ta) apicodorsally, and 3 tibial spurs (ts) apicoventrally ( Figs 8A–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9A–9C View FIGURE 9 , 10A–10D View FIGURE 10 ). Tarsi each trapezoidal, foretarsi slightly stouter than mid- and hind tarsi, black spot present apicodorsally in all legs ( Figs 8A–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9A–9C View FIGURE 9 ). Tarsal claws each with basal portion dark brown and apical portion yellowish brown, strongly curved downwards; brown basal seta (tcb) on short process present in all legs ( Figs 8A–8F View FIGURE 8 , 9A–9C View FIGURE 9 , 10A–10D View FIGURE 10 ).

Abdomen ( Figs 11A–11D View FIGURE 11 , 12B–12D View FIGURE 12 ). Tracheal gills absent. Abdominal ventral setae absent in segment VI– VIII. Pair of posterolateral setae (ps) of tergum VIII absent; dorsal setae (ds) longer and darker than dorsolateral setae (fs) ( Figs 12B–12C View FIGURE 12 ). Dorsal sclerite of segment IX dark brown and oval, with posterior margin bearing 4 pairs of long slender setae, with the lateral pair as long as the other 3 pairs of setae ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 ). Anal prolegs each with lateral sclerite somewhat cylindrical and bearing 1 black seta apicolaterally and 3 black setae apicodorsally ( Fig. 11A, 11C View FIGURE 11 ); ventral sole plate subtriangular in lateral view, with apicoventral portion setose ( Fig. 11D View FIGURE 11 ); dorsal plate subtriangular and bearing fine hooks ( Fig. 11A, 11C View FIGURE 11 ). Anal opening with slender black sclerotized rod on each side ( Fig. 11A, 11C View FIGURE 11 ). Anal proleg claws each with dorsal accessory hook finer and shorter than main claw ( Figs 11D View FIGURE 11 , 12D View FIGURE 12 ). Anal papillae usually everted and visible from anus ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 ). Abdominal terga of ethanol-preserved larvae and pupae somewhat reddish-brown. ( Figs 2E, 2F View FIGURE 2 ).

Pupa (13A–13D): Antennae shorter than body, with distal portion straight. Labrum trapezoidal and semisclerotized. Mandibles brown and strongly sclerotized, each with 2 basolateral setae, and distal portion bifid and divided into apical tooth and and subapical tooth, both conical; apical tooth slightly curved and about twice length of preapical tooth, preapical tooth straight and with tiny basal tooth, both teeth with mesal blades slightly serrated ( Fig. 13B View FIGURE 13 ).

Anterior pair of dorsal hook plates on segment terga III–VII, each with strong and straight hooks pointed posterad; IIIa and IVa slightly oval, and subequal in size; Va, VIa, and VIIa round and subequal in size. Posterior pair of dorsal hook plates on terga IV, V, VIII, and IX, much wider than anterior pairs of dorsal hook plates; IVp and Vp oval with straight hooks pointed anterad; VIIIp and IXp with margins indiscernible, hooks on hook plates VIIIp and IXp gradually longer from anterior to posterior. Hook plates IXp absent in female pupae. Each hook plate with teeth more strongly sclerotized than supporting hook plate. Hook numbers on each hook plate as follows: IIIa 11–15; IVa 15–18; IVp 35–43; Va 16–18; Vp 35 or 36; VIa 15–17; VIIa 13–15; VIIIp 30–32; IXp 36–39 ( Fig. 13A View FIGURE 13 ). Pair of small lobes on end of abdomen, each with tuft of 3 setae ( Figs 13C, 13D View FIGURE 13 ).

Diagnosis

Female: The female genitalia of G. kamael are similar to those of Glossosoma aveletum Ross & Hwang 1956 (female described by Yang & Morse 2002), but differ from those of the latter in that (1) segment VIII is slightly incised ventrally (segment VIII is deeply incised ventrally in G. aveletum ); (2) the length of the spermathecal sclerite is about the same as that of segment VIII (at least twice as long as segment VIII in G. aveletum ); (3) segment IX apodemes end at the anterior margins of segment VII (end at the middle of segment VII in G. aveletum ).

Larva: Glossosoma ( Synafophora) intermedium is a Holarctic species that is widely distributed in the East Palearctic biogeographic region [ China ( Heilongjiang), Kazakhstan, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Far East and Siberia)]. The frontoclypeus of G. intermedium can be distinguished from that of G. kamael by (1) the small denticle in each of the lateral concavities near the eyes of G. intermedium (smoothly concave, without denticles in G. kamael ) and (2) the labrum of G. intermedium has protruding apicolateral angles, each with a tuft of fine setae (smoothly rounded without fine setae in G. kamael ). The larva of G. kamael can be distinguished from larvae described for 9 species by 6 important distributional and morphological characteristics ( Table 4 View TABLE 4 ).

Pupa. In the East Palearctic biogeographic region, the pupa of G. kamael can be distinguished from that of G. intermedium in that (1) the terminal abdominal segment has 6 transversely arranged setae in G. intermedium (three setae are clustered on each of a pair of rounded lobes in G. kamel ) and (2) the pupal shelter of G. intermedium has only small stones (the shelter of G. kamael has a pair of larger flat stones on sides). The pupa of G. kamael can be distinguished from those described for 4 other species by the shape of the hook plates, the hook numbers on each hook plate, and other characters ( Table 5 View TABLE 5 ).

Molecular association: A total of 16 COI sequences were aligned for constructing a NJ tree. The genetic distances are displayed at the nodes and rounded to 4 decimal places in Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 . The analysis shows that COI sequence clusters were recovered for the two morphological species analyzed in Glossosoma . Female, larval, and pupal specimens were associated with adult males for G. kamael according to the criteria outlined by Zhou et al. (2007). The maximum genetic distances of all specimens in the G. kamael cluster were less than 0.48%.