Macrostomus amazonensis

Rafael, José Albertino & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2015, Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). IV. The amazonensis species-group, Zootaxa 3947 (1), pp. 109-121 : 110

Macrostomus amazonensis species-group

Description. Male. Head narrowly dichoptic. Frons shiny black, varying in width from ¾ to approximately subequal to anterior ocellus width. Ocellar tubercle slightly protuberant with one pair of ocellar setae. Face less shiny black than frons, width approximately half of anterior ocellus width, slightly wider at apex; apex slightly gray pruinose. Postcranium black, gray pruinose. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel pubescent and unisegmented, sometimes pedicel somewhat yellow. Proboscis yellow, brown at base, approximately as long as or slightly longer than head height. Palpus brown or yellow. Thorax shiny, black, yellow or both, more gray-brown pruinose on posterior disc of scutum, scutellum, postscutellum, laterotergite and sparsely on mesopleuron. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 2–5 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout and 2–3 minute; 3–4 pairs of dorsocentrals; 1 supraalar presutural; no supra-alar postsutural; 1 postalar stout and 1 minute; 1–3 proepisternals; 1 notopleural stout and 1 minute; 1–2 pairs of scutellars, when 2 present outer pair weaker; 3–6 slender katatergitals with anterior row longer. Legs shiny, predominantly yellow; fore tarsomeres 1–4 whitish apically and 1–2 rather yellow banded medially. Hind femur with 1 anteroventral seta at distal third, sometimes absent. Hind tibia ( Fig. 1 ) with 4 dorsal setae and hind tarsomere 1 with 1 longer dorsal seta. Wing ( Figs 54, 56, 58, 60, 62 ) brown infuscated on pterostigma and apex of cell r2+3. Veins M1, M2 and A1 evanescent; cell dm elongate and truncate. Halter brown to yellow, partially white at knob. Abdomen shiny black, sometimes yellow on basal segments and on terminalia. Tergite 1 ( Fig. 15 ) narrow, tergites 2 and 3 with no slender longer setae posterolaterally. Terminalia with tergite 8 short, not projected posteriorly ( Figs 2 , 11 , 19 , 30 , 45 ), sinuose with shallow to notched indentation ( Fig. 30 ), or not, along anterior and posterior margins. Epandrium with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height ( Figs 3 , 20 , 31 , 46 ), or posterodorsal lobe higher ( Figs 12 , 39 ). Hypandrium with apex somewhat simple with variable setae ( Figs 5 , 22 , 33 , 41 , 47 ), or no setae ( Fig. 14 ). Anterior cercus of variable shape; posterior cercus elongate, simple or with secondary protuberances, usually upwardly directed ( Figs 3 , 12 , 20 , 31 ); median cercus always membranous with long setae ( Figs 3 , 12 , 20 , 31 ); cercal bridge usually narrow ( Figs 13 , 21 ). Ventral projection of cercus thin ( Fig. 12 ) or swollen ( Figs 47, 48 ), with or without setae distally. Ejaculatory apodeme with very short dorsal lamella.

Female. Head dichoptic. Frons approximately as wide as anterior ocellus width. Width of face half of anterior ocellus width. Fore tarsomeres 1–4 not white distally; hind tibia with or without pinnate setae dorsally and ventrally. Wing ( Figs 55, 57, 59, 61, 63 ) approximately as wide as in male, generally with same infuscation pattern. Terminalia ( Figs 6–9 , 15–17 ). Sternite 8 of variable shape. Genital fork with base widened and lateral arms inwardly curved or elongate ( Figs 9 , 53 ), or small with lateral arms absent ( Fig. 28 ). Genital chamber membranous to slightly sclerotized.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Macrostomus acreanus, sp. nov. 1 – 4, paratype ♂. 1, hindleg (apex of femur, tibia and tarsomere 1); 2, tergite 8, dorsal view, right setae omitted; 3, terminalia, lateral view (epandrium and cercal lobes gray colored, tergite 8 setae omitted); 4, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view, tergite 8 setae ommited; 5, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; 6 – 8, paratype ♀. 6, tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view, setae omitted; 7, tergite 8, dorsal view; 8, sternite 8, ventral view; 9, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus; ADL, anterodorsal lobe of epandrium; CB, cercal bridge; CP, cercal plate; EJAP, ejaculatory apodeme; EP, epandrium; MC, median cercus; PC, posterior cercus; PDL, posterodorsal lobe of epandrium; St, sternite; T, tergite. Scales: 1 = 0.5 mm; 2 – 5, 6 – 8 = 0.2 mm; 9 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 54 – 63. Wings. 54, Macrostomus acreanus sp. nov. paratype ♂; 55, M. acreanus sp. nov. paratype ♀; 56, M. albicaudatus sp. nov. paratype ♂; 57, M. albicaudatus sp. nov. paratype ♀; 58, M. amazonensis sp. nov. paratype ♂; 59, M. amazonensis sp. nov. paratype ♀; 60, M. paraiba sp. nov. paratype ♂; 61, M. paraiba sp. nov. paratype ♀; 62, M. xavieri sp. nov. paratype ♂; 63, M. xavieri sp. nov. paratype ♀.

FIGURES 10 – 17. Macrostomus albicaudatus, sp. nov. 10 – 14, paratype ♂. 10, hindleg (femur, tibia and tarsomere 1); 11, tergite 8, dorsal view, right setae omitted; 12, terminalia, lateral view (epandrium and cercal lobes gray colored, tergite 8 setae omitted); 13, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view, setae omitted; 14, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; 15 – 17, paratype ♀. 15, tergite 1 to cerci, dorsal view, setae omitted; 16, sternite 1 to sternite 8, ventral view, left setae omitted, sternite 8 detached, lateral view; 17, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus; St, sternite; T, tergite; VPC, ventral projection of cercus. Scales: 10, 15 - 16 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 14 = 0.2 mm; 17 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 28. Macrostomus amazonensis, sp. nov. 18 – 22, paratype ♂. 18, hindleg (femur, tibia and tarsomere 1); 19, tergite 8, dorsal view, setae omitted; 20, terminalia, lateral view (epandrium and cercal lobes gray colored, tergite 8 setae omitted); 21, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view, setae omitted; 22, hypandrium, lateral view; 23 – 28, paratype ♀. 23, mid tibia; 24, hindleg (apex of femur, tibia and tarsomere 1); 25, tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view, setae omitted; 26, tergite 8, dorsal view; 27, sternite 8, ventral view; 28, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus. Scales: 18, 23 – 24 = 0.5 mm; 19 – 22, 25 – 27 = 0.2 mm; 28 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 29 – 38. Macrostomus paraiba, sp. nov. 29 – 33, paratype ♂. 29, hindleg (apex of femur, tibia and tarsomere 1); 30, tergite 8, dorsal view, right setae omitted; 31, terminalia, lateral view (epandrium and cercal lobes gray colored, tergite 8 setae omitted); 32, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view setae omitted; 33, hypandrium and phallus, lateral view; 34 – 38, paratype ♀. 34, hind tibia and tarsomere 1; 35, tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view, setae omitted; 36, tergite 8, dorsal view; 37, sternite 8, ventral view; 38, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus. Scales: 29, 34 = 0.5 mm; 30 – 33, 35 – 37 = 0.2 mm; 38 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 45 – 53. Macrostomus xavieri, sp. nov. 45 – 49, paratype ♂. 45, tergite 8, dorsal view, right setae omitted; 46, epandrium detached, lateral view (gray colored); 47, hypandrium and cerci (cerci gray colored, tergite 8 setae omitted), lateral view; 48, ventral projection of cerci with developed expansion, anterodorsal view; 49, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view, setae omitted; 50 – 53, paratype ♀. 50, tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view, setae omitted; 51, tergite 8, dorsal view; 52, sternite 8, ventral view; 53, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus: BS, baciliform sclerite; VPC, ventral projection of cercus. Scales: 45 – 49, 50 – 52 = 0.2 mm; 53 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 44. Macrostomus trombetensis, sp. nov. 39 – 41, holotype ♂. 39, epandrium (gray colored); 40, cercal bridge connecting anterior cerci, anterodorsal view, setae ommited; 41, hypandrium and apex of phallus, lateral view; 42 – 44, paratype ♀, setae omitted; 42, tergite 8 and sternite 8, lateral view; 43, sternite 8, ventral view; 44, genital fork, ventral view. Abbreviations: AC, anterior cercus. Scales: 39 – 41, 42 – 43 = 0.2 mm; 44 = 0.1 mm.