Carapoia bispina, Huber, 2018

Huber, Bernhard A., 2018, The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits, Zootaxa 4395 (1), pp. 1-178 : 159-161

Carapoia bispina sp. n.

Figs 675–676 , 704–710 , 717, 720

Diagnosis. Distinguished from known congeners by details of male pedipalp ( Figs 704–706 ; tarsus with unique pair of heavy spines; bulbal apophysis with two pointed tips), by armature of male chelicerae ( Figs 707–708 ; pair of large proximal apophyses, slightly diverging), and by simple epigynum without pocket, with dark internal ‘valve’ visible through cuticle ( Figs 709 , 717 ).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the unique pair of spines on the procursus (Latin spina = spine, thorn); noun in apposition.

Type material. BRAZIL: Pernambuco: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG (21564–65), and 2♂ 5♀ paratypes, ZFMK (Ar 19300), near Bonito, forest near Cachoeira da Gruta (8.547°S, 35.712°W), 380 m a.s.l., 24–25.v.2015 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Pernambuco: 1♀ 2 juvs in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br15-221), same data as type material.

Description. Male (holotype)

MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.65. Distance PME-PME 80 µm, diameter PME 70 µm, distance PME-ALE 35 µm, distance AME-AME 10 µm, diameter AME 20 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.50/ 0.40. Leg 1: 6.8 (1.6 + 0.3 + 1.8 + 2.3 + 0.8), leg 2 missing, tibia 3: 0.7, tibia 4: 1.0; tibia 1 L/d: 30. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.15, —, 0.17, 0.17.

COLOR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre, legs without dark or light rings; abdomen dorsally and laterally densely covered with dark marks, ventrally with light brown areas in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 675 ; ocular area only weakly raised; carapace with high pair of humps separated by distinct median furrow; clypeus strongly protruding but otherwise unmodified; sternum unmodified.

CHELICERAE. As in Figs 707–708 ; with pair of large, slightly diverging apophyses proximally.

PALPS. As in Figs 704–705 ; coxa with large retrolateral apophysis; trochanter with small ventral process; femur slender, with retrolateral process proximally; tarsus with large process provided with two distinctive spines; procursus with membranous and sclerotized elements distally ( Fig. 706 ); genital bulb with distinctive apophysis with two tips, with whitish dorsal protrusion.

LEGS. Densely covered with regular short hairs, without spines and curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 21%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~15 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.

Male (variation). Tibia 1 in other male: 1.7 (missing in third male seen); tibia 2/tibia 4 length in other male: 1.0/1.0.

Female. In general similar to male but clypeus less protruding. Tibia 1 in six females: 1.5–1.7 (mean 1.6). Epigynum as in Figs 709 , 717 ; anterior epigynal plate simple, weakly curved, dark internal ‘valve’ visible through cuticle (greenish in ethanol); without posterior plate. Internal genitalia as in Figs 710 , 720 , with pair of roughly triangular pore-plates converging anteriorly.

Natural history. This species was found deep in the leaf litter, in small cavities of the ground rather than on the underside of dead leaves like the syntopic C. agilis . When disturbed, the spiders tried to hide even deeper rather than to run away.

Distribution. Known from type locality in Pernambuco state ( Brazil) only ( Fig. 743 ).

Figures

FIGURE 743. Known distributions of the Carapoia agilis ‘group’ and of unplaced species (C. maculata, C.bispina).

FIGURES665–676. Live specimens,Carapoia agilis group andunplaced species.665–666.C. exiguasp.n., male and female from Morro de Pedra. 667–669. C. djavani sp. n., males from Pedra Talhada and Usina Serra Grande, female from Murici. 670–672. C. agilis sp. n., males from Saltinho and near Bonito, female from near Bonito. 673–674. C. maculata sp. n., male and female from Morro de Pedra.675–676.C. bispina sp. n., male and female from near Bonito.

FIGURES 704–710. Carapoia bispina sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19300). 704–705. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 706. Left procursus, dorsal view. 707–708. Male chelicerae, lateral and frontal views. 709. Epigynum, ventral view. 710. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view.Scale lines:0.3 (704–705, 709–710), 0.2 (706–708).

FIGURES 711–720. Female epigyna in ventral views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views, Carapoia agilis group and unplaced species. 711–712. Carapoia exigua sp. n., from Morro de Pedra (UFMG 21557). 713–714. C. djavani sp. n., from Pedra Talhada (ZFMK Ar 19292). 715–716. C. agilis sp. n., from near Bonito (ZFMK Ar 19295). 717, 720. C. bispina sp. n., from near Bonito (ZFMK Ar 19300). 718–719.C. maculata sp. n., from Morro de Pedra (ZFMK Ar 19299).