Pinus mugo, Turra

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1964, Flora Europaea - Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press : 34

8. P. mugo Turra , Gior. Ital. (Grisilini) 1:152 (1764)

(P. montana Miller , P. mughus Scop. ; inch P. pumilio Haenke ).

Shrub with thick, decumbent, ascending or erect branches up to 3-5 m. Twigs green at first, becoming brown. Buds ovoid-cylindrical, very resinous. Leaves 30-80 x 1-5-2 mm, in pairs, bright green. Cone 2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm, shining, subsessile, symmetrical, obtuse; apophyses flat, or convex above and concave below; umbo central or below the middle, with a small mucro. Mountains o f C. Europe and the Balkan peninsula; N. & C. Appennini. Plantedfor sand-binding and shelter in N. Europe. Al Au Bu Cz G a Ge G r He It Ju Po Rm Rs (W) [Da].