Quercus rubra, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1964, Flora Europaea - Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press : 62

1. Q. rubra L. , Sp. Pl. 996 (1753)

( Q. borealis Michx ).

Deciduous tree up to 25 m; twigs glabrous, not pendent, dark red; buds 6 mm, reddish-brown. Leaves 12-20 x 10-15 cm, ovate to obovate, lobed about half-way to midrib, with 7-11 pairs of lobes, each with 1-3 aristate teeth, glabrous except for slight pubescence in vein-axils beneath; petiole 25-50 mm. Involucre of fruit shallow, 18-25 mm wide; scales thin, ovate, closely appressed, finely pubescent. Planted for timber and shelter, especially in C. Europe. [Au Be Cz Da Ga Ge Gr He Hs Hu It Lu Rm Rs (W, K) Po Su.] (E. North America.)