Brachodes, Guenee, 1845

Bąkowski, Marek & Kallies, Axel, 2025, Description of the pupae of Brachodes species (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea, Brachodidae) with emphasis on diagnostic generic characters, Zootaxa 5679 (2), pp. 277-285 : 278

Brachodes

Based on the work of Patočka & Turčani (2005), Huertas-Dionisio (2012) and our own data generated during the course of this study, pupae of the genus Brachodes are characterized as follows. The pupa is semilibera, usually with both showing two rows of spines on the dorsum of the abdominal segments. The dorsal spines of basal rows of the 3rd–6th abdominal segments, distinct, elongated and slender. The spines of caudal rows very small, sometimes reduced as in B. cf. rasata . Spines of basal row on the 2nd abdominal segment present but sometimes absent. Blade of head projection usually small as in B. flavescens , distinct with robust margin in B. cf. rasata . Head rounded frontally, with a salient sharp edge at boundary of frons/clypeus. Setae on metanotum and the second segment in dorsal view long. Metanotum very deeply excised. Maxillary palpi large and not adjacent to the maxillae as in B. gaditana , adjacent in B. funebris . Mandible relatively small. Labium and palpi labiales short. Antennae relatively short, do not reach end of mesothoracic legs and apices of forewings. Forewings do not overlap caudal margin of the 5th abdominal segment. Proboscis relatively short and does not reach mesothoracic legs. Metathoracic legs very long and overlaps distinctly level of ends of forewings. Metathoracic legs extending to half of 5th abdominal segment, in B. cf. rasata extending to half of 7th abdominal segment. The 9th abdominal segments with a pair of hooked dorsal spines e.g. in B. funebris , with two pairs of dorsal spines in B. compar and B. gaditana . The 10th segment with one pair of dorsal spines. The 10th segment with one pair of ventral spines in B. cf. rasata , or without spines e.g. in B. funebris . End of abdomen pointed in B. funebris , obtuse without spine at the end in B. compar or B. flavescens or obtuse with a pair of strong lateral spines in B. gaditana and B. cf. rasata .