Odontota horni Smith

Eiseman, Charles S., Feldman, Tracy S. & Palmer, Michael W., 2024, New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea), Zootaxa 5549 (1), pp. 1-60 : 29-30

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5549.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:81E6E742-1FE2-4480-AF93-3D92DF80A737
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1003866B-FFC6-FFB0-FF54-DECBFC084E07
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Odontota horni Smith
status

Treatment

Odontota horni Smith View in CoL

( Figs. 17–18 View FIGURES 1–22 , 71–72 View FIGURES 67–74 , 146 View FIGURES 142–161 )

Reared or barcoded specimens. KANSAS: Riley Co., Konza Prairie Biological Station , 3.vii.2015, em. 14.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Desmodium illinoense , # CSE1706 (1 adult, ZFMK); 3.vii.2015, em. 21.vii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Desmodium illinoense , # CSE1759 (1 adult, MLBM) ; NORTH CAROLINA: Orange Co., Duke Forest trail off Whitfield Road , 29.vi.2020, em. by 8.vii.2020, T . S. Feldman, ex? Galactia , # CSE6363 (1 adult, MLBM); Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University , 22.v.2017, em. 2.vi.2017, T . S. Feldman , ex Lespedeza hirta , # CSE3759 (1 larva, ZFMK); em. 4.vi.2017, T . S. Feldman , ex Lespedeza violacea , # CSE3789 (1 larva, ZFMK); 14.viii.2017, em. 24.viii.2017, T . S. Feldman , ex Glycine max , # CSE4204 (1 adult, ZFMK); 20.v.2018, em. 14.vi.2018, T . S. Feldman, ex Galactia volubilis , # CSE4600 (1 adult, MLBM) ; OHIO: Adams Co., West Union, Eulett Center (4274 Waggoner Riffle Road ), 29.vii.2016, em. 14.viii.2016, C.S. Eiseman, ex Desmodium ciliare , # CSE2896 (2 adults, MLBM / ZFMK) ; OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 6.vii.2015, em. 16–25.vii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Strophostyles helvola , # CSE1814 (1 adult, MLBM); 23.v.2016, em. by 29.vi.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Galactia regularis , # CSE3070 (1 adult, MLBM) GoogleMaps .

Other collected mines. NORTH CAROLINA: Scotland Co., Laurinburg, St. Andrews University , 11.v.2016, T. S. Feldman, Lespedeza violacea ; 18.v.2016, T. S. Feldman, Lespedeza violacea .

Hosts. Fabaceae : Desmodium canescens (L.) DC., D. *ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. , D. illinoense A.Gray , D. obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. , * Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., G. volubilis (L.) Britton, Glycine max (L.) Merr., * Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem., L. violacea Pers. , * Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott, Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. ( Frost 1924; Butte 1968b; Kogan & Kogan 1979; Ford & Cavey 1985). Frost (1924) also listed Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald as a larval host, but this was based on Blatchley (1910), who stated only that Odontota horni “occurs on” this plant. Adults have also been found on Amorpha canescens Pursh , Desmodium canadense (L.) DC., Lespedeza capitata Michx. , Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J.W. Grimes , and Tephrosia onobrychoides Nutt. ( Clark et al. 2004) .

When one larva from the Galactia volubilis collection ran out of food, it was offered leaves of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. , Thermopsis villosa (Walter) Fernald & B.G. Schub. , and Trifolium pratense L. ( Fabaceae ). It mined into one of the Trifolium leaflets but did not survive to maturity.

Biology. The only published observations of the leaf mines are those of Kogan & Kogan (1979) on cultivated soybean. They state that the eggs are “generally laid singly,” “mostly on the ventral side of leaves”, and “appear to be inserted underneath a small flap of epidermal plant tissue and firmly anchored to the leaf surface”. Each of the eight eggs we examined was deposited singly on the lower leaf surface ( Figs. 17–18 View FIGURES 1–22 ). Seven were adjacent to the leaflet midrib, and the eighth was adjacent to a prominent lateral vein on a leaflet that also had two eggs along the midrib ( Fig. 72 View FIGURES 67–74 ). Four of the eggs were thoroughly coated with dark brown excrement, two were partially covered, and two had none. The leaf surface was chewed to varying degrees prior to oviposition, but none of the eggs were neatly embedded as in Sumitrosis .

Frass is mostly deposited in small, elongate particles, sometimes well scattered and sometimes more densely aggregated. The mines are puffy and full-depth, equally visible on both leaf surfaces ( Figs. 71–72 View FIGURES 67–74 ), in contrast with the strictly upper-surface mines of Sumitrosis ancoroides (Schaeffer) and Pachyschelus laevigatus (Say) ( Buprestidae ) that sometimes occur on the same leaves. Mines of S. rosea are very similar to those of Odontota horni but the egg is invariably embedded in the upper leaf surface.

In larger leaflets (e.g. of Desmodium illinoense ), pupation may take place in the original mine. The Lespedeza - mining larva collected on 11 May 2016, on the other hand, mined out four entire leaflets and half of a fifth before reaching maturity. It pupated outside the leaves on 4 June, later succumbing to mold.

Parasitoids. An adult of Zagrammosoma multilineatum Ashmead ( Eulophidae ) emerged from an aborted mine on Lespedeza violacea collected on 22 May 2017 (CSE3816, BMNH).An adult of Chrysocharis occidentalis (Girault) ( Eulophidae ) emerged in a rearing vial that contained mines of both Odontota horni and Sumitrosis ancoroides on Strophostyles helvola (CSE1822, BMNH). There are no previous records of this wasp from a chrysomelid host, but elsewhere in this paper we report rearings from Baliosus nervosus , O. scapularis , and Sumitrosis rosea . The 20 May 2018 collection of Galactia volubilis yielded one female Trichogramma Westwood ( Trichogrammatidae ) (CSE4552, CNC), apparently from an egg of O. horni but this is not known with certainty.

Notes. Our Kansas specimen of Odontota horni is the sole representative of BIN BOLD:ADF6147, differing by 4.61–5.38% from our Ohio and North Carolina specimens, which belong to BIN BOLD:ADG4193. This is greater than the 3.6% difference between barcodes of O. dorsalis and O. scapularis .