Phalloceros lucenorum, Lucinda, 2008

Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco, 2008, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (2), pp. 113-158 : 143-144

Phalloceros lucenorum , new species

Figs. 38 , 39

Phalloceros sp. n. O Lucinda & Reis (2005).

Holotype. MCP 30404, Juquiá, creek on road BR 116, near Juquiá (affluent to rio Juquiá), approximately 24 o 19’S 47 o 37’W, São Paulo, Brazil, 27 Jul 1988, C.A.S. Lucena et al.

Paratypes. BRAZIL. São Paulo. MCP 12553, 3, Juquiá, canal 8 km N of Prefeitura de Juquiá, on road SP 79, 9 Feb 1988, P.A. Buckup et al. MCP 27373, 2, Sete Barras, rio Iporanga, road from Juquiá to Sete Barras (affluent of rio Juquiá), 24 º 18’59"S 47 º 51’10"W, 29 Jan 2001, C.A.S. Lucena et al. MCP 12197, 87/6*, collected with the holotype. MZUSP 43470, 30, Juquiá, ribeirão Poço Grande, in Fazenda Poço Grande, tributary to rio Juquiá, Jan 1950, F. Lane.

Diagnosis. Phalloceros lucenorum can be autapomorphically diagnosed by the rectangular tip of hook on left half of gonopodial appendix ( Fig. 39 ) (vs. rounded tip). Moreover, P. lucenorum can be distinguished from its congeners but P. megapolos , P. spiloura , P. malabarbai , P. alessandrae , P. buckupi , P. uai , P. anisophallos , P. pellos , and P. reisi by (1) the female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally (vs. slightly left turned and with a lateral ramus or straight located along midventral line) and (2) border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it (vs. separated from first anal-fin ray by the female urogenital papilla).

Phalloceros lucenorum can be distinguished from its congeners but P. spiloura , P. uai , P. anisophallos , P. pellos , and P. reisi by (1) the absence of the right hook and presence of the left one (vs. absence or presence of left and right hooks); and (2) gonopodial appendix asymmetrical, its halves different from each other; right half wider than left one (vs. gonopodial appendix symmetrical; its halves similar to each other).

Phalloceros lucenorum can be distinguished from P. spiloura by the absence of a caudal peduncle spot (vs. presence of caudal peduncle spot); from P. uai by the presence of a wide and square-shaped lateral spot in large specimens (vs. absence of such spot); from P. anisophallos by the lateral spot in adult females elliptical to roundish, but never forming a vertical bar (vs. lateral spot very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering up to the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction); from P. reisi by lateral spot always present and evident not covering the length corresponding to more than two scales length in horizontal or vertical directions (vs. lateral spot absent or small and discrete not covering the length corresponding to one or two scales length in horizontal or vertical directions).

Description. Morphometric data in Tables 3 and 4 . Range of SL: 26.9 to 37.0 mm (females), 18.5 to 28.0 mm (males). Dorsal-fin rays: 7 [3], 8* [38]. Branched pectoral-fin rays: 7* [29]. Pelvic-fin rays: 5* [17] (males), 5 [17] (females).Anal-fin rays of females: 10 [8], 11 [9]. Anal-fin rays of males: 9* [26]. Branched caudal-fin rays: 11 [6], 12* [23], 13 [5], 14 [2]. Predorsal scales: 13 [4], 14* [27], 15 [8],16 [1]. Longitudinal series of scales: 28* [26], 29 [16], 30 [1]. Series of scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [43]. Transverse series of scales: 7* [43]. Serrae on R4p:9 [1], 10* [12],11 [3], 12 [8], 14[1]. Epipleural ribs: 11 [2], 12 [1], 13 [2], 14 [1]. Pleural ribs: 13 [1], 14 [2], 15 [3]. Vertebrae: 31 [1], 32 [5]. Female urogenital papilla right curved, located laterally. Border of anal aperture in contact with first anal-fin ray or very close to it. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix sickle like. Medial corner absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial paired appendix. Right hook absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial appendix with rectangular tip ( Fig. 39 ).

Color in alcohol. Eye black with greenish brown pupil. Ground color pale brown, darker in upper half. Border of scales and subjacent skin replete with brown chromatophores, more concentrated at short distance from scale border, conferring reticulate pattern to body sides, mainly on upper half. Brown chromatophores scattered through whole body, more concentrated on dorsal portion, mainly on head, snout, opercle, and ventral surface of mandible. Lateral spot large covering approximately two or three scales on horizontal direction, and three to five scales on vertical. Dorsal-fin membrane hyaline. Dark band of chromatophores on distal border of dorsal fin. Dark band of chromatophores near dorsal-fin base. Pectoral-, pelvic-, anal-, and caudal-fin rays unpigmented. Dark brown line along R3.

Etymology. The specific epithet lucenorum (n. m. gen. pl.) comes from Lucena. It is a patronym for Carlos A.S. Lucena and Zilda Margarete S. Lucena, in recognition of their many contributions to Neotropical ichthyology.

Distribution. Rio Juquiá, a tributary to the drainage of the rio Ribeira de Iguape in the State of São Paulo ( Fig. 12 ).

Figures

Fig. 38. Phalloceros lucenorum. (A) Holotype, male, 26.1 mm SL, MCP 30404, Juquiá, creek on road BR 116, near Juquiá (affluent to rio Juquiá), São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 12197, 33.5 mm SL, collected with the holotype.

Fig. 39. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros lucenorum, MCP 12197.R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm.

Fig. 12. Collection localities of Phalloceros ocellatus (circle, 1), P. tupinamba (triangle, 2), P. lucenorum (five-pointed star, 3), P. buckupi (eight-pointed star, 4), P. titthos (inverted triangle, 5), and P. caudimaculatus (square, 6). Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. Numbers represent type localities. The inset is the range of the genus.