Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895)

Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong, 2020, Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae), ZooKeys 993, pp. 47-120 : 47

3. Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895) Figs 7 , 23C , 24C , 25C , 26C

Cardiophorus florentini Fleutiaux, 1895: 687. Type locality: "Tonkin: Lang-son", interpreted as Vietnam: Lạng Sơn Province.

Phorocardius florentini : Fleutiaux 1931: 311.

Distribution.

China (Guizhou, new record); Vietnam ( Fleutiaux 1895).

Differential diagnosis.

Body length greater than 7.0 mm; pronotum and hypomeron red, elytra black with metallic blue to purple luster. Prothorax: procoxal cavities open; prosternal process not strongly narrowed from anterior base posterad to ventral apex in ventral view, with apex convex. Pterothorax: scutellar shield elongate, with posterior apex pointed. Tarsal claw with ventral apex not smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere with preapical lateral expansion present, apical mesal callus absent. Female: apex of last abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) simple, not emarginate at apex.

This species is distinctive for its elytral color: black with metallic blue to purple luster.

Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895) resembles P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. in its entirely red pronotum and metallic elytra. P. florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895) can be easily separated from P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. by the following characters. In P. florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895): aedeagus strongly narrowed from mid-length to apex in lateral view; in dorsal view, paramere with preapical lateral expansion minute, acute to rounded, facing laterally, with apical mesal callus absent; scutellar shield elongate (width to length ratio: 0.81-0.86); and elytra black, with metallic blue to purple luster; while in P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov., the aedeagus is only slightly narrowed from mid-length to apex in lateral view; in dorsal view, paramere with preapical lateral expansion absent, apical mesal callus present, apex narrow and slightly bent laterad; scutellar shield not elongate (width to length ratio: 1.0); and elytra metallic green with slight purple luster.

Description.

(Based on holotype and three non-type specimens examined) Body black, red and metallic blue-purple (Fig. 7A-D ). Pronotum and hypomera red. Elytra black, with metallic blue to purple luster. Head brown-black to black; antennae brown-black. Prosternum red, black or mixed with red and black; meso- and meta- sternum black; abdominal ventrites black; legs brown-black to black. Body with short, yellow pubescence; brown setae also present on disc of pronotum.

Measurements.

(based on type and non-type specimens) Male body length 9.0-11.5 mm, width 3.3-3.8 mm. Female body length 10.0-13.0 mm, width 3.7-4.0 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.6-2.8. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1-1.2, Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.86-0.91. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.3-2.5; elytron length to width ratio 3.7-3.9.

Head. Frons and vertex punctures with interspaces 0.5-1 × average puncture diameter; punctures sparser at centre of vertex, with interspaces 1.5-2 × average puncture diameter. Frontal carina in frontal view convex, not straight (Fig. 7I ). Antenna with last antennomere not reaching beyond posterior angle of pronotum. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 3.8-3.9. Antenna length to body length ratio, in male 0.36-0.38; in female 0.37-0.39. Proportions of antennomere lengths (male): 100 (scape); 60-65; 75-83; 75-83; 75-83; 78-85; 81-86; 85-90; 85-90; 81-85; 90-100.

Prothorax. Pronotum in dorsal view: sides evenly convex from anterior edge to constriction near posterior end, widest near mid-length; posterior angles with lateral sides almost straight, not bulged; surface with interspaces between punctures 1-2 × average puncture diameter. In ventral view, ventral surface of prosternal process with sides carinate and slightly and gradually narrow from anterior to mid-length, parallel from mid-length to posterior end, with apex convex. In lateral view, prosternal process with ventral surface curved slightly dorsad, posterior end somewhat concave or not (Fig. 24C , upper arrow). Procoxal cavities open.

Pterothorax (Figs 24C , 25C ). Mesepisternum in ventral view with antero-mesal corner angulate (Fig. 25C , upper (green) arrow). Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum: in ventral view present (Fig. 25C , red arrow); in lateral view present, acute, strongly produced anteriorly (Fig. 24C ). Scutellar shield: elongate, width to length ratio 0.81-0.86; anterolateral edges slightly sinuate; posterior edge gradually narrowed and elongate, strongly protruding posterad, pointed at apex. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.

Legs. Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 80-85; 70-75; 50-55; 135-140. Claw with ventral apex almost as large as dorsal apex.

Abdomen. Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.

Male genitalia (Fig. 7E-G ). Robust from ventral and lateral views. Median lobe in ventral view slightly narrowed from base to basal third, parallel-sided from basal third to near apex, apex rounded and very slightly dilated. Median lobe in lateral view wide from base to mid-length, narrow from mid-length to apex; gently and evenly curved ventrad from base to mid-length, straight from mid-length to apex; apex rounded. Paramere in ventral view: wide and equal wide from base to apical third; abruptly narrowed from apical third to apex; preapical lateral expansion present, minute and rounded, facing laterally; apical mesal callus absent; paramere width 3-4 × median lobe width (measured at mid-length of paramere and median lobe respectively). Paramere in lateral view: robust, almost straight from base to mid-length, curved ventrad and narrowed from mid-length to apex; apex with hook-like preapical expansion with barb facing base.

Female. Body color like male (Fig. 7B ). Apex of abdominal ventrite V convex (Fig. 7H ). Proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix wide with apex acute, base concave, and mesal edge flat (Fig. 7K ); each with 8-10 large spines on mesal edge, 14-18 smaller spines on disc.

Type material.

Lectotype. ♀ (MNHN), labels: 1) Tonkin Florentin; 2) Type [red label]; 3) Museum Paris Coll. E. Fleutiaux; 4) Cardiophorus florentini Fleut. Type; 5) Fleut Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1894. P. 687, Collection Fleutiaux; 6) C. florentini Fleut., type, Collection Fleutiaux; 7) Lectotype Cardiophorus florentini Fleutiaux desig. Douglas 2015.

Additional material.

2♂1♀ (SZPT, ex. LQCC), labels: 1) Guizhou, Li-bo, Mao-lan, Dong-duo, 2000 m, 2018.VI.11-17, leg. Jianyue Qiu & Hao Xu [in Chinese]; 2) Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1894) Det. Ruan, 2019.

Remarks.

Based on examined material, this species inhabits low to middle elevations (0-2000 m) in south China and north Vietnam. Recent Chinese specimens were collected in daylight in a mountainous area with evergreen forest and subtropical climate. Known from the Oriental Region only.

Figures

Figure 7. Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895). A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view, arrow indicating claw C female habitus, ventral view, arrow indicating last visible ventrite D female habitus, lateral view E aedeagus, ventral view, arrow indicating preapical lateral expansion F aedeagus, dorsal view, arrow indicating preapical lateral expansion G aedeagus, lateral view, arrow indicating preapical ventral expansion H last visible ventrite of female, ventral view I head, frontal view J distal sclerites of bursa copulatrix K proximal sclerites of bursa copulatrix.

Figure 23. Shape of supraantennal carina of Chinese Phorocardius species. Arrows indicating supraantennal carina forked near eye. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. K head, frontal-lateral view, arrows indicating forked supraantennal carina.

Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov.

Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov.

Figure 26. Female abdominal ventrite V in Chinese Phorocardius species (ventral view). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus F P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. unguicularis H P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov, arrows showing incisions near apex.