Wisteria frutescens subsp. frutescens

Compton, James A., Schrire, Brian D., Koenyves 3, Kalman, Forest, Felix, Malakasi, Panagiota, Sawai Mattapha, & Sirichamorn, Yotsawate, 2019, The Callerya Group redefined and Tribe Wisterieae (Fabaceae) emended based on morphology and data from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences, PhytoKeys 125, pp. 1-112 : 67-68

Wisteria frutescens subsp. frutescens

≡ Glycine frutescens L., Sp. Pl. 1(2): 753 (1753)

≡ Kraunhia frutescens (L.) Raf., Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. [hex.] 2 [vol.] 5: 352 (1808) nom. rej. (Art. 56, McNeil & al., 2012)

≡ Apios frutescens (L.) Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 474 (1814)

≡ Thyrsanthus frutescens (L.) Elliott, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 371 (1818)

≡ Phaseolus frutescens (L.) Eaton & Wright, N. Am. Bot. ed 8: 354 (1840)

≡ Kraunhia frutescens (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 175 (1891)

≡ Phaseoloides [ Phaseolodes ] frutescens (L.) Kuntze, Revis Gen. Pl. 1: 201 (1891)

≡ Bradlea [as Bradleya ] frutescens (L.) Britton, Man. Fl. N. States & Canada 549 (1901). Note: Bradleya is treated as a homonym of Bradlea Adans. under Art. 53.2 ( Turland et al. 2018)

= Glycine caerulea Salisb., Prodromus stirpium in horto Chapel Allerton vigentium 335 (1796) [ G. frutescens L. was cited].

= Wisteria speciosa Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 116 (1818) [ G. frutescens L. was cited].

Illustrations.

Compton in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 32 (3-4): 234, t. 2 & 3 (2015a) https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/wisteria/frutescens/; (Plate 3F ); Compton and Lane (2019: 174).

Distribution.

USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, West Virginia).

Habitat.

In clearings of evergreen lowland forest and along riverbanks at sea level to 650 m.

Note.

Plants from more southerly regions either side of the Appalachian mountains have previously been recognised as a separate species Wisteria macrostachya (Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray) B.L.Rob. & Fernald, Gray Man. Bot. N. U.S. ed. 7: 515. 1908. Observation of living plants and careful examination of many herbarium specimens coupled with the DNA generated results from this study have led us to conclude that there is only the single species W. frutescens representing the genus Wisteria in North America. We also conclude that there is sufficient difference between the southern plants and those from further north to recognise the southern one at the rank of subspecies. At the rank of species the name Diplonyx elegans Raf. (1817: 101) has priority over the widely used name Wisteria macrostachya ( Robinson and Fernald 1908: 515), however, the combination Wisteria elegans has never been made (for a more comprehensive discussion see Compton (2015a)). Plants from the northerly range of the species ( subsp. frutescens) have smaller and shorter inflorescences without (or with very few) glandular hairs on pedicels and calyces (vs pedicels and calyces covered in clavate glandular hairs in subsp. macrostachya). The teeth on the calyces of subsp. frutescens are ± subequal (vs lower teeth much longer in subsp. macrostachya). Racemes from the colder north ( subsp. frutescens) are usually considerably shorter than the elongating racemes of southerly plants ( subsp. macrostachya). For a more comprehensive description of these taxa see Compton and Lane (2019).

Figures

Plate 3. Wisteriopsis and Wisteria. A Wisteriopsis japonica, Cultivated, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, North Carolina 980008 - 17 B Wisteriopsis japonica Japan, Honshu near Kyoto G. Lewis, unvouchered C, D Wisteriopsis japonica, Cultivated, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, North Carolina 980008 - 17 E Wisteriopsis reticulata Cultivated, J. Compton s. n .. unvouchered F Wisteria frutescens Cultivated, B. Schrire unvouchered G Wisteria brachybotrys cultivated, B. Schrire unvouchered.