Theratta mannavan, Anilkumar & Wesener & Moritz, 2022

Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), Zootaxa 5182 (5), pp. 401-428 : 407-412

Theratta mannavan n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz

Figs 2–6

Diagnosis. Head pointed ( Fig. 3A ) rather than broad and slightly stout as in Theratta eravikulam n. sp. ( Fig. 8A ) and Theratta shola n. sp. ( Fig. 10A ). T. mannavan n. sp. shares with T. shola n. sp. the wave-like curve centrally on the posterior margin of the prozonites ( Fig. 4A ), while such a curve is absent in T. eravikulam n. sp. ( Fig. 8E ). Differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. and T. shola n. sp. by the absence of the line fold at the anterior region, separating the ganthochilarium from the rest of the head ( Fig. 3F ). T. mannavan n. sp. differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. by the mesal process and lamellar process of the anterior gonopod each being triangular distally ( Fig. 5E ), whereas these processes are rounder and broader in T. eravikulam n. sp. ( Figs 9D, F ). Posterior gonopod consisting of four podomeres ( Fig. 6I ), while it consists of six podomeres in T. eravikulam n. sp. ( Fig. 9C ) and T. shola n. sp. ( Fig. 11F ). T. mannavan n. sp. shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 20.9 % to T. eravikulam n. sp. and 21. 7 % to T. shola n. sp..

Etymology. The species epithet mannavan , noun in apposition, refers to the type locality of the species, the Mannavan Shola of Annamudi Shola National Park.

Materials examined. 1 M holotype ( ZFMK-MYR 9482 B1), 1 F paratype ( ZFMK-MYR 9482 C), 3 M paratypes ( ZFMK-MYR 9482 B2, 9483A, 11393), 7 F paratypes ( ZFMK-MYR 9483 ), 14 F paratypes ( ZFMK-MYR 9482 ), 13 M paratypes ( ZFMK-MYR 9482 ; 9482A, 9482A1, 9482A2, 9482A3, 9482B), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar , Annamudi Shola National Park , Mannavan Shola , 10º10’54.5”N, 77º11’25.8”E, 2140 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, K. S. Nafin, P. P. Sudhin, 25 Mar 2019 .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n. sp.. A, B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482A1). A: Habitus. B: Head, lateral view. C, D: Habitats, Mannavan Shola, Annamudi Shola National Park, Kerala, India. Abbreviations: an = antenna; co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia.

FIGURE 3. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, E: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, C, F, G: M holotype (ZFMKMYR9482B1). H: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Head, frontal view. B: Antenna. C: Sensilla basiconica on antennomeres 5 and 6. D: Apical disc with four sensory cones. E: Mouth parts, dorsal view. F: Mouth parts, ventral view. G: Anterior body, lateral view. H: Tergites, lateral view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ag = anterior gonopod; an = antenna; br = body ring; co = collum; gn = gnathochilarium; le = leg; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pg = posterior gonopod; pl = pleurite; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (H) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: A, G, H = 100 µm; B, D–F = 20 µm; C = 10 µm.

FIGURE 4. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A–D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Tergites, dorsal view. B: First three leg pairs with gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopore, posterior view. D: Detail of gonopore, ventral view. E: Leg. F: Paronychium. Abbreviations: cl = claw; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; le = leg; mz = metazonite; oz = ozopore; pe = penes; pf = prefemur; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = trochanter; vdo = vasa deferentia opening. The white arrow on (A) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C, E = 20 µm; D, F = 10 µm.

FIGURE 5. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). C: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482C). D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Telson, ventral view. B: Telson, lateral view. C: Female gonopore, ventral view. D: Gonopods, lateral view. E: Gonopods, posterior view. F: Gonopods, posterio-lateral view. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; go = gonopore; L = lamellae; le = leg; mp = mesal process; oz = ozopore; pbr = penultimate body ring; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; po = postfemur; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; te = telson; ti = tibia; ve = external valve of vulva; vi = internal valve of vulva. I–IV indicates the number of podomeres of gonopods. The black arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere divisions of gonopods and the white arrow on (E, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C = 100 µm; D–F = 20 µm.

FIGURE 6. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, F, J: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, E: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). C: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 11393). G, H, I: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Gonopods, dorsal view. B, C: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. D: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E: Anterior gonopod, mesal view. F: Body teeth. G: Teeth on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. H: Feather like serrated setae. I: Posterior gonopod, posterior view. J: Posterior gonopod, anterior view. Abbreviations: L = lamellae; mp = mesal process; st = sternite. I–IV indicates the number of podomeres of gonopods. The white arrow on (I) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the posterior gonopod. Scale bars: A, C–E, I, J = 20 µm; B, H = 10 µm; F, G = 2 µm.

FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm.

FIGURE 10. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B, E, F: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C, D, G, H: Immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767A). A: Head, frontal view.B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Legs, posterio-lateral view. H: Paronychium, anterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I –VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (A, B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (F) indicate the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. The black arrow on (F) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A, E, F = 100 µm; B, G = 20 µm; C, D, H = 10 µm.

FIGURE 11. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C–F: Immature M holotype (ZFMK- MYR 9767A). A: Telson, posterio-ventral view. B: Female gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopods, lateral view. D: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E: Posterior gonopod, posterior view. F: Gonopods, posterior view. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; cx = coxa; fe = femur; go = gonopore; le = leg; pf = prefemur; pbr = penultimate body ring; po = postfemur; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; te = telson; ti = tibia; ve = external valve of vulva; vi = internal valve of vulva. I –VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, C, F = 20 µm; D, E = 10 µm.

FIGURE9. Therattaeravikulam n. sp., SEM.A–C: Immature Mparatype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B).D–F: Mholotype(ZFMKMYR 9752A). G: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752C). A: Male gonopore, ventral view. B: Telson, ventral view. C: Gonopods, anterior view. Anterior gonopod. D: Anterior gonopod, dorsal view. E: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. F: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. G: Female gonopore, ventral view. I–VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. The white arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the anterior and the black arrow on (D, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: B = 100 µm; A, C–G = 20 µm.