Rhodnius marabaensis, Souza, Eder dos Santos, Von Atzingen, Noe Carlos Barbosa, Furtado, Maria Betania, de Oliveira, Jader, Nascimento, Juliana Damieli, Vendrami, Daniel Pagotto, Gardim, Sueli & da Rosa, Joao Aristeu, 2016

Souza, Eder dos Santos, Von Atzingen, Noe Carlos Barbosa, Furtado, Maria Betania, de Oliveira, Jader, Nascimento, Juliana Damieli, Vendrami, Daniel Pagotto, Gardim, Sueli & da Rosa, Joao Aristeu, 2016, Description of Rhodniusmarabaensis sp. n. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Para State, Brazil, ZooKeys 621, pp. 45-62 : 48-54

Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Reduviidae

Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n.

Holotype

♂. BRAZIL: Pará: Marabá: Reserva Ambiental Murumurú, 10°10'05.1"S, 63°24'09.1"W, 12 May 2014, N. C. B. Von Atzingen, M. B. Furtado, UNESP.

Paratypes.

1 ♀: same data as holotype (UNESP). 14 ♀, 14 ♂ BRAZIL: Pará: Jacundá/Jatobal/Marabá,N.C.B. Von Atzingen, Maraba Cultural Center Foundation - MCCF.

Synonym.

Rhodnius jacundaensis Serra, Serra and Von Atzingen (1980) [nomen nudum].

Etymology.

The name Rhodnius marabaensis was chosen because this species was found in the city of Marabá, Pará, Brazil.

Diagnosis.

The most notable morphological features that distinguish Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. are the keel-shaped apex of the head, this feature is not accentuated in Rhodnius prolixus or Rhodnius robustus ; the second antennal segment of Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. is 10.3 times larger than the first; in Rhodnius prolixus , it is 6.2 times larger, and in Rhodnius robustus it is 8.3 times larger. The prosternum has a longer and more clearly shaped stridulatory sulcus relative to those of Rhodnius prolixus and Rhodnius robustus . In Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. the transverse carinae that border the mesosternum and the metasternum are elevated and prominent, and possess convex curvature in the central portion. In Rhodnius prolixus , they are less elevated and prominent, and in Rhodnius robustus they are interrupted in the central portion. The set of dark brown spots presents in the ventral abdomen of Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. does not appear in Rhodnius prolixus or Rhodnius robustus . The ventral connective is also distinct among the three species: the black spots are smaller and, on the sixth segment, much smaller in Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. The apex of the endosoma of male genitalia of Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. was found to be long and straight, in Rhodnius prolixus , the apex is long and convex, and in Rhodnius robustus it is shorter, wide, and convex. The posterior surface and the ventral surface of the ninth and tenth segments of external female genitalia are distinct in the three species. Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. eggs possess chorion rims, whereas those of Rhodnius prolixus and Rhodnius robustus do not (Figs 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13).

Description.

Measurements of 15 females and 15 males of Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n., Rhodnius prolixus , and Rhodnius robustus are detailed in the Table 1.

Head with apex (central longitudinal dorsal portion), which is elevated, straw yellow, and keel shaped. This keel-shaped section presents the same shape from the beginning of the clypeus to the posterior portion of the ocelli; thus, the border of the clypeus is visible around/from the gena and the jugum (1+1), which are located laterally. However, the gena begin before the beginning of the clypeus. Thus, the gena go toward the anteclypeus which are rounded. The species presents crystalline ocelli and eyes with black and yel low ommatidia. The first and second segments of the antennae are yellow, whereas the posterior two thirds of the third segment are white, and the fourth segment is completely white. The species presents a second antennal segment that is significantly larger than the others (10.3 times larger than the first; 1.65 times larger than the third, and 4.3 times larger than the fourth) (Table 1).

At the juncture between the neck and the thorax, there is a ring that is anteriorly black and posteriorly yellow; the anterolateral angles (1+1) are yellow. The dorsal thorax (pronotum) is shaped like a trapezoid and surrounded by a yellow carina. There are two yellow submedian carinae running lengthwise around the pronotum, from the anterior portion to the posterior one. The submedian carina border three anterior lobes, each of which has a set of black spots, and three posterior lobes with two parallel black stripes on each that are connected to the set of black spots on the anterior lobes. The triangular scutellum is marked laterally and is very clear because of its black color. The internal portion is also triangular and yellow, and it is bordered by thick and obvious carina. When the wings are removed, the posterior portion (tip) of the scutellum covers 2/3 of the I urotergite process (Figs 4, 5).

From the ventral surface of the thorax, a prosternum with deep, well-defined stridulatory black sulcus is visible; in the posterior portion, it takes on a funnel shape and ends as a tip between the anterior pair of legs (Fig. 5). The mesosternum has two elevated black areas that are separated by a yellow depression. The border between the mesosternum and the metasternum is formed by a set of three elevated and prominent carinae. The two lateral carinae are black, and the central carina is yellow. These three carinae are curved backward. The central carina, which is elevated and prominent, possesses a semicircular depression in the central portion at the border with the metasternum. The metasternum is slightly rectangular in shape. The central portion is black and outlined by two yellow carinae (Fig. 6).

The legs have an overall yellowish tone. The coxae have yellow and black spots; the trochanters are yellow and do not have spots; the femurs are yellow with black spots running lengthwise; the tibias are yellow except for the posterior sixth segment, which continues the black pattern of the tarsi (Fig. 2).

The ventral surface of the abdomen is predominantly yellow, with three sets of black stripes: one on the central longitudinal portion and (2+2) on the side portions above the connectives (Fig. 2). The first abdominal segment has a longitudinal black spot between the two larger yellow spots. The second, third, fourth, and fifth ventral abdominal segments possess (1+1) curved sets of dark brown spots. These spots begin at the anterior dividing line and extend diagonally along the central portion of the segments (Fig. 2). The dorsal connective includes yellow and black spots that cover half of each segment. They are wide in the anterior portion and become thinner in the inner posterior portion. The black spot of the connective of the sixth segment is smaller than those of the fifth, fourth, third, and second segments (Fig. 2). The first tergite, which is visible when the wings are removed, is essentially formed by two parts. The anterior portion has a striated cuticula that contrasts with the surrounding smooth cuticula and which is triangular in shape on its upper level. It possesses a clearly defined transverse sulcus. The second portion is posterior to the first and is at a lower level. It consists of a set of transverse and straight fringes (Fig. 5).

When the male genitalia is seen from the dorsal surface, it is clear that the phallus (P) is formed by an endosoma (En), by the median extension of the basal plate (EPlb), and by the basal piece itself (Plb). When seen from the ventral surface, the phallus (P) is formed by the conjunctiva (Cj), the phallosoma (ph), the phallosoma process (PrPh), the median extension of the basal piece (EPlb), the gonopore process (PrG), and the basal piece (Plb). When seen from the lateral surface, the phallus is formed by the conjunctiva (Cj), the endosoma (En), the median extension of the basal piece (EPlb), the basal piece itself (Plb), the phallosoma (Ph), and the phallosoma process (PrPh) (Fig. 8).

The dorsal surface of the external female genitalia was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the seventh segment is separated from the eighth segment by a slightly irregular line and forms (1+1) triangular tips at the border between the connective and the eighth segment. The eighth segment is trapezoid shaped. The ninth segment appears as a protrusion. The tenth segment appears as a small curve in the central portion where it delimits with the eighth segment (Fig. 9)

From the posterior surface, (1+1) appendages can be seen on the border between the eighth and ninth segments. The tenth segment is semicircular in shape with a pronounced central slit in the shape of an upside-down V and with (1+1) protrusions at the posterior edge of the gonocoxite 8. Display is also a (1+1) gonocoxite 8 and a (1+1) gonapophysis 8 (Fig. 10).

From the ventral surface, the lateral portions of the line that divides the seventh segment and the gonocoxites 8 and the gonapophysis 8 are curved, and the line then forms small (1+1) ascending curves and a slight depression in the central portion. The ninth segment forms (1+1) lateral flaps at the border with the tenth segment and presents transverse slits at the sub-intermediate position (1+1). The transverse slits then form into two triangles, whose tips are separated in the central portion. The tenth segment is the outer edge of the external female genitalia and is presented as a narrow curved and convex band (Fig. 11).

The egg shells measure 1.59 mm in length and 0.71 mm in width. They present prominent collar and chorial rim (Fig. 12 and Table 2). The exochorion cells are clear ly demarcated, with internal granulations organized into a circle. The follicular tubes of each exochorion cell do not differ in diameter (Fig. 13).

The molecular study shown the same haplotype for the find sequences of the cyt-b (693 bp) and the evaluation by BLAST have shown that Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. is closely related to Rhodnius robustus and Rhodnius prolixus (until 99% and 94% of identity, respectively).