Diplocladon Gorham, 1883

Kundrata, Robin, Hoffmannova, Johana, Hinson, Kevin R., Keller, Oliver & Packova, Gabriela, 2022, Rhagophthalmidae Olivier, 1907 (Coleoptera, Elateroidea): described genera and species, current problems, and prospects for the bioluminescent and paedomorphic beetle lineage, ZooKeys 1126, pp. 55-130 : 55

Genus Diplocladon Gorham, 1883

Fig. 1C

Diplocladon Gorham, 1883a: 5. Gender: neuter. Type species. Diplocladon hasseltii Gorham, 1883, by monotypy.

Diplocadum : Pic 1921b: 12 [unavailable name, incorrect subsequent spelling not in prevailing usage].

Diplocladum : Pic 1928: 86 [unavailable name, incorrect subsequent spelling not in prevailing usage].

Diplocadon : Viviani and Bechara 1993: 615 [unavailable name, incorrect subsequent spelling not in prevailing usage].

Diploclodon : Tan 2018: 135 [unavailable name, incorrect subsequent spelling not in prevailing usage].

Literature.

Gorham (1883a: 5): original description; Gorham (1883b: 249, 250): comparison with Haplocladon ; Gorham (1883c: 597): remark; Gorham (1887: 76): catalogue, redescription; Waterhouse (1890: 25): remark, figure of male habitus; Gorham (1895: 310): remark; Olivier (1910: 8): catalogue; Lucas (1920: 243): catalogue; Rüschkamp (1920: 386): distributional note; Pic (1921b: 12): comparison with Bicladum and Monodrilus [as Diplocadum [sic!]]; Pic (1928: 86): remark [as Diplocadum [sic!]]; Pic (1930a: 2): distributional note [as Diplocladum [sic!]]; Pic (1930b: 320): remark, key; Ridley (1934: 60): larval biology and morphology; Wittmer (1944: 211): catalogue; Haneda (1950: 2): bioluminescence; Harvey (1952: 451): bioluminescence, drawings of female habitus with position of luminous organs, photographs of male and female habitus; Crowson (1955: 68, 171): remark; Haneda (1955: 364): remark, bioluminescence; Harvey (1955: 19): checklist, bioluminescence; Harvey (1957: 554): remark; McDermott (1964: 50): remark; Nakane (1968: 3): remark; Lloyd (1971: 101): remark, drawing of female habitus with luminous organs; Crowson (1972: 52): remark; Paulus (1972: 49): remark; Halverson et al. (1973: 1332): biology, bioluminescence; McElroy et al. (1974: 417): remark; Paulus (1975: 78): remark; Case and Strause (1978: 332): remark; Herring (1978: 471): checklist; Lloyd (1978: 252): remark, drawing of female habitus with distribution of luminous organs; Ohba (1980: 14): remark; Crowson (1981: 314): remark, drawing of female habitus with distribution of luminous organs; Sivinski (1981: 168): remark; Lloyd (1983: 136): remark, bioluminescence; Hoffmann (1984: 229): remark; Haneda (1985: 167): bioluminescence; Herring (1987: 157): checklist; Cicero (1988: 148): remark; De Keyzer (1989: 54): remark; Viviani and Bechara (1993: 615): remark [as Diplocadon [sic!]]; Wittmer and Ohba (1994: 350): remark; Lawrence and Newton (1995: 857): catalogue, remark; Branham (1996: 18): remark; Ohba et al. (1996a: 13): remark; Ohba et al. (1996b: 30): remark; Ohba (1997a: 17): remark; Viviani and Bechara (1997: 389): remark [as Diplocadon [sic!]]; Branham and Wenzel (2001: 566): phylogeny; O‘Keefe (2002: 182): remark; Branham and Wenzel (2003: 3): remark; Li and Liang (2008: 109): remark, female description; Li et al. (2008b: 495): review; Suzuki and Kobayashi (2009: 31): remark; Kawashima et al. (2010: 135): book chapter, figures of male and female habitus, and details of female abdominal segments; Kundrata and Bocak (2011a: 57): remark; Oba et al. (2011: 777): remark; Yiu (2012: 30): catalogue, figures of habitus; Yiu (2013: 113): remark, biology; Kovalev and Kirejtshuk (2016: 205): remark; Yiu (2017: 64): description of a new species, identification key; Tan (2018: 135): possible larva, distribution, figures of larval habitus and bioluminescence [also as Diploclodon ]; Liu et al. (2020: 46): remark; Lawrence et al. (2021: 456): wing morphology; Li et al. (2021b: 4): remark; Seri and Rahman (2021: 721): remark. In addition to the aforementioned literature, this genus was included in PhD theses by Jeng (2008) and Roza (2022).

Remarks.

See more information on Haplocladon , which was once considered a subgenus of Diplocladon ( Gorham 1883b) or even its synonym (e.g., Wittmer 1944), under the genus name Haplocladon below. Some authors who mentioned Diplocladon were actually probably referring to Haplocladon (for more details, see Remarks under D. hasseltii ). Diplocladon currently contains two described species, one from China and one from Indonesia. It is similar to Bicladodrilus and Bicladum in having strongly bipectinate antennae (Fig. 1C ) and long elytra. This generic complex is in need of revision.

Figures

Figure 1. Morphology of Rhagophthalmidae A habitus of Dioptoma adamsii from Sri Lanka (syntype of D. greeni), female, NHMUK, dorsal view B head of Dioptoma adamsii from Sri Lanka, male, NHMUK, frontal view C head and pronotum of Diplocladon hasseltii hasseltii from Indonesia, male, SDEI, dorsal view D habitus of Falsophrixothrix sp. from Indonesia, male, NHMUK, dorsal view E head and pronotum of Rhagophthalmus sp. from China, male, first author's collection, lateral view F habitus of Rhagophthalmus sp. from China, male, first author's collection, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, F); 1.0 mm (B, E); 2.0 mm (C, D).