Tephritis bardanae (Schrank 1803)

Korneyev, Severyn V. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2019, Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots, Zootaxa 4584 (1), pp. 1-73 : 13-18

Tephritis bardanae (Schrank 1803)

( Figs 1a ; 5–6 )

Trupanea bardanae Schrank 1803: 2524 ;

Trypeta bardanae Meigen 1826: 349 ; Loew 1844: 376; 1846: 509; Walker 1853: 204.

Tephritis bardanae Zetterstedt 1847: 2223 ; 1849: 3345; Frauenfeld 1857: 543; Schiner 1858: 675; 1864: 161; Loew 1862: 108; Rondani 1871: 14; Becker 1905: 136; Hendel 1927: 183; Séguy 1934: 156; Drensky 1943: 117; Hering 1944: 19; Mihályi 1960: 64; Richter 1970: 164; Foote 1984: 127; White 1988: 51; Merz 1994: 63; 2001b: 94; Norrbom et al. 1999: 215; Lezhenina 2002: 156; Baugnée 2006: 85; Korneyev & Konovalov 2010: 37; Smit 2010: 108.

Trypeta confusa Meigen 1826: 336 (as “ Tryp. confusa Wied. ”); synonymized by Loew 1844: 376.

Acinia confusa Macquart 1835: 470 .

Xyphosia lappae Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 763 . Xyphosia arvensis Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 763 .

Type material: Syntypes Trupanea bardanae ♂ ♀, “ Germany: Bavaria; and specimens of Guettard 1762: 172” (not located; not examined; presumed lost; data from Norrbom et al. 1999: 215). Syntypes Trypeta confusa 1♂, 1♀: “Meigen \ 2303 / 40”, “ Trypeta / confusa” ( MNHNP) (examined: Fig. 5b ) ; 1 ♂: “confusa”, “ Coll. Winthem / confusa Wied. ” ( NHMW) (examined) . Syntype (s) (number and sex unknown) Xyphosia lappae : not located, not examined; absent in MNHNP (destroyed). Syntype (s) (number and sex unknown) Xyphosia arvensis : not located, not examined; absent in MNHNP (destroyed).

Non-type material: Andorra : San Julia de Loria , 1000 m, 10– 20.07.1979, 1♂, 6♀ (J. B. Wolschrijn) (RMNH); Armenia: Erevan, 16– 17.06.1914, 1♀ (Andrievskiy); Kotaik, Prope Filar , 21, 23.06.26, 3♂, 4.07.1926, 1♂, 1♀ (Schelkovnikov) ( SIZK, ZISP) ; Eylar , 4.07.1926, 1♂ (Schelkovnikov) ( ZISP) ; Gudemnis , 38.94°N, 46.18°E; 21.06.1981, 1♂ (V. Ermolenko) ( SIZK) ; Austria: Lower Austria, Reichenau 2.09.1964 (ex flower head of Arctium tomentosum , em. 10– 20.09.1964), 3♂, 3♀ (Zwölfer) ( ZSSM) ; Nordtirol, Oberinntal, Kauns , b. Prutz , h= 1000–1400 m, 18– 23.07.1952, 1♀ (F. Daniel & J. Wolfsberger) ( ZSSM) ; Hornstele , 320 m, 25.08.1990, 1♀ (Merz) ( ZISP) ; Belgium: Bomal , 26.09.1907, 2♂, 1♀ (Bequaert) ( RBINH) ; France: Pyr. Or. Gorge de Serge , 0 6.2007, 9♂, 2♀ (Diertax, Waganingen) ( RMNH) ; Georgia: Poti , [42.15°N, 41.79°E], 22.06.1972, 1♂ (V. Kovalev) ( SIZK) ; Great Britain: Essex, Braintree , 21.07.1974, 4♂, 1♀ (Lempke) ( RMNH) ; Georgia: Angkal gorge, 17.07.1913, 1♂ (A. Mlokosevich) ( ZISP) ; Germany: Brandenburg, 5.07.1921, 59♂, 8♀ (Bollow) ( MNKB) ; Bayern; Alpen, Walcheusee, Krahwerk , 18.06.1948, 2♂, 5♀ (Stocklein) ( MNKB) ; Berlin-Dahlem , 24.02.1953, 1♂ ( MNKB) ; Bavaria, Tal d. Schwaezen Laaben, Werdenfels , 16.07.1963, 1♀ (Necker) ( MNKB) ; Ober-Bayern, Murnau, Murnauer Moos , 630 m, 30.05.1979, 1♂ (Schacht) ( ZSSM) ; Schildow, Mark , 2.07.1994, 3♀ (J. Haupt) ( MNKB) ; Hungary: Hohe Tax, Hung. , 736 m, 24.09.1909, 1♂, 1♀ (Meusel) ( MNKB) ; Iran: E. Azerbaijan: Arasbaran , h= 1997m, 38.86°N, 46.84°E, 23.06.2014, 2♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Ardebil: Sabalan Mts., hot springs near Majandeh , 38.265°N 47.740°E, h= 2670m, 18.05.2014, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Kazakhstan: Astana, Borovoye , 28.06.1932, 1♀ (V. Popov) ( ZISP) ; Atbasar , «grove», 14.06.1936, 1♀ ( ZISP) ; idem, near river, 13.09.1936, 1♂ (Rezvoy) ( ZISP) ; idem, Koturkul , 18 km SE Borovoe, 6.09.1937, 1♂ (L. Zimin) ( ZISP) ; Almaty: “near Vernyi ” [= Almaty], 29.07.1902, 1♂; 2.09.1902, 1♂ (Pojarkov) ( ZISP) ; idem, 1907, 5♂, 2♀; idem, near Kopal , 10– 16.05.1910, 3♂, 1♀; idem, “Avakumov mountains, NE Kopala”, 29.05.1910, 1♂ (Shnitnikov) ( ZISP) ; idem, “stanitsa [village] Tastakh, B[olshaya] Almaatinka ”, 14.08.1928, 1♀; idem, “ B. Almaatinka, paseka [apiary of] Zubenko ”, 24– 30.08.1928, 2♂, 1♀; idem, “ B. Almaatinka, lesnoy kordon”, 25.08.1933, 1♂, 3♀ (Shnitnikov) ( ZISP) ; Almaty: 12.06.1 936, 1♂ (Birulya); near Almaty, 6.06.1936 h= 2500 m, 1♂ (A. Birulya) ( ZISP) ; Almaty: Kiza , 18.06.1938, 2♂; idem, M. Almaatinka, 2.07.1938, 1♂ (A. Gerasimov) ( ZISP) ; idem, B. Almatinka River , 23.05.1990, 1♂ (V. Ermolenko) ( SIZK) ; Aral-Tyube , 17.06.1910, 1♂ (Shnitnikov) ( ZISP) ; Karatau : foothills, 31.05.1910, 1♀; idem, ravine near Turkestan, 8.06.1910, 1♀ (Trizna) ( ZISP) ; Talgar , 43.26°N, 77.21°E, h= 2500m, 25.09.1986, 27.09.1986, 3♀ (Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Khorgos vic., 44.48°N, 80.26°E, h= 2800m, 17– 18.08.1990, 5♂, 7♀ (V. Ermolenko) ( SIZK) ; Kyrgyzstan: Chu Region: Bishkek, Chon-Aryk , 42.79° N, 74.58° E, h= 1200m, 5.06.1994, 2♀ (V. Korneyev), h= 1060–1100m, 20.06.1998, 1♀, h= 1000–1100m, 19.06.1999, 1♀ (Kameneva & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Boom Ravine , 23.06.1996, 23.06.1996, 1♂ (V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Issyk-Köl Region: Chon- Örukty , 25.07.1989, 1♀; idem, 42.75°N, 77.9°E, 21.06.1993, 1♀ (Milko) ( SIZK) ; Kok-Jar , botanical gardens, 42.81°N, 74.65°E, 15.06.1994, 2♀ (Milko) ( SIZK) ; E Issyk-Köl: Jety-Oguz , 24.06.1930, 3♂, 1♀ (M. Berg); idem, Chon-Kyzyl-Su ravine, 29.05.1953, 1♀ (N. Filippova) ( ZISP) ; idem, 42.250°N 78.130°E, 16– 17.08.1998, 1♂ (V. Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Jety-Oguz , h= 2100 m, 28.06.1986, 1♂ (V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Chu River valley near Orto-Tokoy water reservoir, 42.30°N, 75.87°E, 19.07.1998, 1♂ (V. Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Karakol, Karakol River valley , 12.43°N, 78.43°E, h= 2000m, 29.07.2017, 1♂, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Kaindy-Katta Mt Rdg. nr. Tashkoroo , 41.96°N, 79.16°E, 2700m, 3–4.07.1986, 1♂ (Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Naryn Region: E slope of Ferghana Ridge, eastern Urumbash Valley , 24km SWW of Kazarman, 41.36°N, 73.74°E, h= 1800m, 11.07.1998, 4♀ (V. Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Kökömeren River at Jumgal River mouth, 42.06°N, 74.15°E, 1600m, 20– 28.06.1991, 2♂, 2♀ (S. Zonstein) ( SIZK) ; Kokbel Pass , 1500m, 23.05.1994, 1♂ (V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Baidulu Mts., 30 kmNNW of Naryn , at the roadside, 41.68°N, 75.79°E, h= 2300m, 13.07.1998, 2♀ (V. Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Jalal-Abad Region: Chatkal Ridge near Ak-Tash , 15.3km from Jangi-Bazar , 41.69° N, 70.66° E, h= 1400–1700m, 1.07.1998, 1♀ (V. Korneyev & Kameneva) ( SIZK) ; Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve, Keltisai , 18.07.1964, 1♂ (L. Peck) ( SIZK) ; Osh Region : Osh, 17.06.1928, 1♂ (A. Reichardt) ( ZISP) ; Poland: Silesia, Strehlen [=Strzelin], 0 6.1944, 2♂, 1♀ (Hering) ( MNKB) ; Russia: Leningrad: Gobnitza, vic. Luga, 6.07.1934, 1♀; idem, Sablino , 2.04.1935, 1♂; idem, Tolmatschewo , vic. Luga , 8.07.1935, 3♀, 20.07.1935, 3♂, 1♀; idem, Yashchera, vic. Luga, 21.07.1966, 2♀ (Stackelberg) ( ZISP) ; Belgorod: Borisovka, Natural Reserve “Les na Vorskle”, buzzards’ nest, 30.02.1984, 2♀, idem, swallows’ nest, 13.03.1984, 1♂, 1♀ (V. Krivokhatsky) ( ZISP) ; Borisovski Distr. , 6.07.2011, 1♂, 1♀ (Guglia) ( SIZK) ; Volgograd: Sarepta , 23.05.1917, 1? [abdomen missing] (N. Kuznetsov) ( ZISP) ; Rostov: Taganrog , 30.08.1927, 1♂ (C. Ahnger) ( ZISP) ; Karachaevo-Cherkessia: Teberda, Jamagat , 43.47°N, 41.76°E, 1600m, ex Arctium sp., 6–7.09.1988, 7♂, 10♀, idem, ex Arctium sp., 21.08.—em. 15.10.1988, 1♂, 1♀ (Korneyev) idem, Nazalykol, 9.07.2013, 1♀ (S. &. V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; N Osetia, Vladikavkaz , 6.07.1954, 1♂ (Morosheina) ( ZISP) ; Kabardino-Balkaria: Nalchik , 1♂ (Yu. Wagner) ( ZISP) ; Tomsk Region: Abakan, Karasiube pass, 18.05.1897, 1♂, 1♂; Kayzac , Kuznetsk , 11.07.1897, 1♂; Kyzas River, M. Abakan, 29.06.1897, 2♀; idem, Kurgan 18.08.1897, 1♂ (Yu. Wagner) ( ZISP) ; Altai: Rebrikha vil., ex Arctium lappa , coll. 22.08.1973, em. 5.09.1973, 1♂ (T. Runeva) ( ZISP) ; Kemerovo, Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve , ex Arctium tomentosum , collected 28.07.1996, em. 20.08.1996, 1♂ (M. Scherbakov) ( ZISP) ; 125 km NW Kuznetsk, Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve , ex A. tomentosum , coll. 23.08.1996, em. 0 9.1996, 4♂, 2♀ (M. Scherbakov) ( ZISP) ; Sakhalin: Lugovoe , 19.06.1975, 1♂, 1♀ (M. Nesterov) ( SIZK) ; Spain: Huesca: Torla , 1035 m, 8/ 26.07.1974, 4♂, 1♀ (J. Wolschrijn) ( RMNH) ; Switzerland: Valais: Leuk, h=730, 22.07.2004, 1♂ (S. Korneyev); Leuk-Platten , 650 m, 12.06.1993, 1♂, 1♀ (Merz) ( ZISP) ; Glarus: Schwanden, Niedertal , 900 m, 19.06.1993, 1♂ (Merz) ( ZISP) ; Tajikistan: Dushanbe (“ Stalinabad ”), 11.06.1929, 1♂ (B. Rohdendorf); idem, 25.08.1934, 1♂ (A. Gussakovsky) ( ZISP) ; Ghissar , 2.06.1936, 2♀ (A. Gussakovsky) ( ZISP) ; Kzyl-Tam, NW Ghissar ridge, 2 0 80 m, 28.08.1933, 1♂ (Veltishchev) ( ZISP) ; Kondara ravine, Varboza valley , h = 1100 m, 14.09.1937, 1♂ (A. Gussakovsky) ( ZISP) ; idem, h = 1100 m, 7.09.1946, 1♀ (Rudolf) ( ZISP) ; Turkmenistan: “ Askhabad, Transcaspien ”, 1♀ (coll. Lichtwardt) ( DEI) ; " Asch. [abat]", 12.04.1869, 2♂, 2♀ (Kowarz's handwriting) ( ZISP) ; Ukraine: Zhitomir Region: Novograd-Volynski, 3–5.07.2003, 2♂ (V. Korneyev); Kyiv Region : Kyiv, 5.06. 1988, 1♀ ( Zrazhevsky ); Kyiv: Kyrylivskyy Hai , 8.06.2003, 1♀ (V. Korneyev), 17.08.2004, 1♂ (S. Korneyev), 8.06.2009, 1♀ (E. Kameneva & V. Korneyev); Lysa Hora , 50.40° N 30.55° E, ex Arctium tomentosum , 17.8.—em. 1.09.2004, 12♂, 6♀ (S. Korneyev); Kyiv: Protasiv Yar, 20.08.2013, 1♀ (M. Zaika); vic. Koncha-Zaspa, 4.06.1985, 7♂ (Korneyev), Mryhi near Kontsha-Zaspa, 50.27° N, 30.56° E; 9.07.2009, 1♂, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Kyiv, 5.06.1988, 1♂ (Zrazevskiy); idem, Ivankovychi-Hvozdiv , 50.27° N, 30.48° E, 8.06.2007, 2♂, 3♀ (E. Kameneva & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; idem, Kruglik, 50.28° N, 30.45° E, 17.06.2006, 1♂, 8.06.2007, 1♂, 2♀ (V. Korneyev & E. Kameneva ); idem, 50.27° N, 30.45° E, 29.06.2009, 1♂, 2♀; idem, Ivankovichi , 50.28° N, 30.44°E, 16.06.2009, 5♂ (V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Irpin , meadow, 11.06.2009, 3♂, 4♀ (E. Kameneva, S. & V. Korneyev), idem, 15.06.2009, 1♀ (E. Kameneva S. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Cherkasy Region: Trakhtemyriv , 30 km N of Kaniv, 49.98°N, 31.34°E, 30.06.1988, 1♂, 1♀; 2.07.1988, 1♂ (Zrazhevsky) ( SIZK) ; Kaniv Nature Reserve , 49.72°N, 31.54°E, on Arctium sp., 6.07.1977, 1♂ (Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Trostyanets-Bobrytsya , 49.79°N, 31.37°E, on Arctium tomentosum , 7.07.1980, 1♂ (Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Kirovohrad Region: Chornyi Lis 7 km S of Tsybuleve, 17.06.1988, 3♀ (Zrazhevsky) ( SIZK) ; Kharkiv Region : Kharkiv, downtown, in the building, 26.03.2010, 1♀, 16.03.2013, 1♂ (Guglia) ( SIZK) ; Pyatyhatki vill., 23.03.2011, 1♀ (Chervonyak) ( SIZK) ; Kharkiv, Sokolniki , 10.07.2011, 1♀ (Guglia) ( SIZK) ; Kharkiv, “novye doma”, 17.11.2013, 1♀ (Drogvalenko); Kharkiv Region: Borovskoy Distr., nr Boguslavka vill., 13.08.2013, 1♀ (Guglia) ( SIZK) ; “К. C.” 23.09.1884, 1♂ (Jaroszewsky) ( ZISP) ; Donetsk Region: Torez, 22.09.2006, 1♂ (S. Konovalov); Luhansk Region: Antratsyt district , Diakove, 12.07.2005, 1♂; 25.09.2005, 1♀; 13.10.2005, 1♂ (S. Konovalov) ( SIZK) ; Odesa Region: Tylihul Lagoon , 47.01°N, 30.99°E, 23.07.2009 (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Borodino Distr., Lisne , 46.47°N, 29.36°E, 18.08.1951, 1♀ [Rogocha] ( SIZK) ; Crimea: Karadagh , 23.09.1964, 1♂ (Falkovitsh) ( ZISP) .

Diagnosis. Tephritis bardanae can be easily separated from all other Tephritis species by the following combination of characters: wing with dark brown Y-shaped pattern unbroken on crossvein r-m (at most 2 mediumsized isolated, or 4–5 tiny hyaline spots, or entirely brown field with no hyaline spots surrounding crossvein r-m) with 2 dark spots at the apices of veins R 4+5 and M isolated from the rest of the wing pattern; cell r 1 with 3 hyaline spots distal of apex of vein R 1; basal halves of cells dm and cua mostly hyaline with isolated pale gray bars but without entire dark areas; abdominal tergites at least partly dark brown to black; the scales on ventral side of eversible membrane conspicuously enlarged. Tephritis bardanae is very similar to T. zernyi in wing pattern, differing from it by the coloration of the scutum, abdomen (mostly black in T. bardanae and mostly reddish yellow in T. zernyi ), darker wing pattern (dark brown in T. bardanae and pale brownish yellow in T. zernyi ), and shorter oviscape (conspicuously shorter than 3 posteriormost abdominal tergites of abdomen in T. bardanae , but longer than tergites 4-6 in T. zernyi ); in addition; AL<1.20 mm (0.9–1.20 mm) in T. bardanae but> 1.15 mm (1.15–1.40 mm) in T. zernyi , slightly overlapping; T. bardanae differs by the enlarged scales on eversible membrane (uniformly small in T. zernyi ).

Tephritis bardanae shares with 2 species of approximately same size, T. kyrghyzica new species and T. ghissarica new species, the combination of dark brown wing pattern with 0–3 small isolated hyaline dots at r-m crossvein, 2 isolated brown spots at apices of veins R 4+5 and M, oviscape white setulose laterally, pointed aculeus and the host plants belonging in the genus Arctium s. lat. ( Cousinia inclusive). It differs from them by having 1 pair of round hyaline spots often fused into narrow, usually 8-shaped hyaline spot in basal one-third of cell r 4+5 isolated from the hyaline spots in cell m (in T. kyrghyzica and T. ghissarica , base of cell r 4+5 isolated with 1 wide, rectangular hyaline spot at least as wide as long and confluent with large hyaline spots in r 2+3 and m cells forming entire hyaline crossband), and Y-shaped dark pattern (cell cua with narrow and pale marks) in T. bardanae (basal parts of cells dm and cua with wide dark brown oblique bars, basalmost of which extending into anal cell in T. kyrghyzica and T. ghissarica ); in addition, T. bardanae differs from them by having cell r 1 with third, small subapical spot in 98% of examined specimens (in 99% specimens of T. kyrghyzica and T. ghissarica cell r 1 with 2 large hyaline spots and third hyaline dot lacking).

Tephritis bardanae is superficially similar to T. kogardtauica and T. valida in having Y-shaped dark pattern with mostly hyaline basal halves of cells dm and cua ( Figs 1a ; 2 a–b) and apical dark spots on R 4+5 and M separated from the remaining wing pattern, differing by conspicuously smaller size (in T. kogardtauica and T. valida WL>5.0 mm; AL>2.0 mm against WL<4.5 mm in T. bardanae ), and dark brown wing pattern (paler yellowish brown wing pattern in T. kogardtauica and T. valida ).

Description. Head: yellow with black ocellar triangle and wide V-shaped mark on occiput, whitish microtrichose; arista dark brown except base yellowish or reddish. Length: height: width ratio = 1: 1.1: 1.4. Frons as wide as long, 1.85–2 × as wide as eye. Eye 1.4 × as high as long. First flagellomere yellow to dark ochreous or reddish, 1.5 × as long as wide. Gena 0.5 × as high as length of first flagellomere. Ocellar, medial vertical, anterior orbital and frontal setae dark brown and acuminate; genal seta pale brown, acuminate; other setae including posterior orbital seta lanceolate, whitish or yellowish. Postocular row with 4 longer setae white, setulae among them black. Genal setulae whitish yellow, brownish on anterior part. setulae on pedicel and on distal part of palpus black.

Thorax: Ground color mostly black; postpronotal lobe, notopleural triangle, dorsal part of anepisternum and most of scutellum (except brown anterodorsal spot) yellow; mesonotum densely ochreous yellow or grey microtrichose, without noticeable darker vittae; mediotergite entirely black and densely grey microtrichose without shining areas. Thoracic setae dark brown or black (posterior anepisternal and anepimeral setae brown); posterior notopleural seta white and lanceolate. Setae, calypters and halter as in T. arsenii . Apical scutellar seta half to onethird as long as basal scutellar seta.

Legs: Entirely yellow. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal setae, of them basal 2/3 of first row and half of second dorsal row white, others brown. Hind femur with single short preapical dorsal seta; hind tibia with parallel rows of yellow to dark brown or black setulae and distinct anterodorsal row of dark brown to black setae on basal 2/3, longest seta about as long as width of tibia.

Wing: Pattern brown, with 2 large spots at apices of veins R 4+5 and M isolated from remaining dark pattern ( Figs 5 c–f). Basal cells bc, bm and bcu hyaline; cell c with pale brown or hyaline base and small pale brown spot at middle. Pterostigma dark brown with single small yellow or pale brown subapical spot. Cell r 1 hyaline at base, posterior to pterostigma entirely brown, at middle with 2 trapeziform hyaline spots separated by narrow brown bar and usually with third narrow hyaline spot at apex. Cell r 2+3 hyaline at base, posterior to pterostigma brown, apically of R 1 apex with 2 trapeziform hyaline spots separated by narrow pale brown bar or triangle; apex of r 1 brown, usually (in 96% specimens) with third narrow hyaline or yellowish spot at apex, rarely subapical spot lacking on 1 or both wings. Cell r 2+3 hyaline at base, with dark brown area posterior of pterostigma; 3 hyaline spots posterior to spots of r 1 separated by narrow dark bars or partly merged with each other and hyaline spots anterior of them, proximal 1 basal of r-m level always present, medial one 3–4 × as wide as 2 others. Preapical brown area (posterior to cell r 1 apex) with 1–4 tiny hyaline spots. Apex hyaline with small triangular dark spot on R 4+5 vein. Cell br hyaline basally and brown from vein Sc apex level to crossvein r-m, apically with 2 small round hyaline spots. Crossvein r-m either in entirely dark field or surrounded by 1–4 small yellowish, rarely hyaline spots. Cell r 4+5 at level of dm-cu with one, 2 or 3 hyaline spots, in 40% of flies partly fused into 8-shaped or narrow rectangular spot as wide as cell; medial third of cell r 4+5 brown, with 2–10 small round hyaline dots; subapically with T-shaped hyaline area with arms extending into cells r 2+3 and m separating 2 dark apical spots; dark spot on apex of vein R 4+5 smaller than that on apex of vein M. Cell dm with basal one-third to one-half hyaline, apically dark brown, with 5– 8 merged hyaline spots of various size and shape, posteriorly almost entirely hyaline; Cell m with 5–10 partly fused hyaline spots and dots of various size and shape; 2 large basal spots usually fused into 8-shaped area; apical hyaline spot of cell m widely fused with spots anterior to it in r 4+5 and r 2+3. Cell cu with 3–5 isolated pale brown bars or rectangles with large hyaline spots inside numerous hyaline and dark spots of various size. Anal cell hyaline or with 1–2 pale brownish areas along vein Cu 2 +A 1. Anal lobe hyaline.

Abdomen: Abdominal tergites black or brown medially, in 60% specimens with wide yellow lateral and posterior margins, sometimes syntergite 1+2, 5 and 6 entirely yellow entirely yellow; all preabdominal tergites densely grey microtrichose, white setulose and setose; male tergite 5 and female tergites 5 and 6 with black marginal setae. Sternites black, white setulose, moderately wide, male sternite 5 posteriorly incised. Female sternite 6 with anteromedial apodeme. Abdominal pleura matt black or grey.

Terminalia: Male. Epandrium as in other Tephritis species, usually yellow ( Fig. 6f ). Glans of phallus ( Fig. 6g ) moderately elongate and almost symmetrical. Preglans without spines. Female. Oviscape dark red to yellow, widely white setulose ventrally and on anterolateral corners dorsally, as long as abdominal tergites 4–6 combined ( Fig. 5a ). Eversible membrane with 2 pairs of taeniae 0.35–0.4 × as long as membrane itself; membrane with dentate scales, moderately large in anteromedial portion ( Fig. 6c ). Aculeus 1.0–1.2 × as long as cell c, 4 × as long as wide, with evenly acute apex ( Figs 6 a–b). 2 moderately long, papillose spermathecae 5.5–6 × as long as wide ( Fig. 6d ).

Preimaginal stages. Egg moderately short and wide, oval ( Fig. 6e ). Larva was described by Janzon (1985).

Measurements. Female. BL= 4.6–5.1 mm (n=10); WL=4.0– 5.4 mm, C2= 0.9–1 mm; AL= 0.9–1.2 mm; AL/ C2=1.33–1.43. Male. 4.2–4.5 mm (n=10); WL= 3.7–4.2 mm (n=10).

Host plants. Arctium tomentosum , A. minus and A. lappa ( Merz 1994) . According to Janzon (1985), 3- 5 larvae in each flower head. Females oviposite into young buds.

Distribution. Andorra, Armenia, Austria (Schiner 1858), Belgium ( Baugnée 2006), Bulgaria ( Drensky 1943), Czech Republic ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009), Denmark ( Zetterstedt 1847), Finland ( Kahanpää & Winqvist 2014), France ( Séguy 1934), Georgia, Germany ( Merz 1999a), Greece ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Hungary ( Mihályi 1960; Merz 2001 a), Iran (Zarghani et al. 2010), Ireland ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Italy ( Belcari et al. 1995), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia ( Karpa 2008), Lithuania ( Pakalniškis et al. 2006), Moldova, Netherlands ( Smit 2010); Norway, Poland, Romania ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Russia ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Slovakia ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009), Spain ( Merz 2001 b), Sweden ( Zetterstedt 1847), Switzerland ( Merz 1994), Turkey ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), United Kingdom ( White 1988).

Remarks. T. bardanae is a common species in Europe, being associated with burdocks ( Arctium s. str. spp.), which are widespread weeds throughout Europe and the Near East, including urban areas. There are few reliable data on the presence of this species in the western part of the Mediterranean region, where T. zernyi occurs, and additional studies of these 2 similar species to clarify their patterns of distribution, host-plant association and possibility of hybridization in the southwestern part of Europe are needed.

Diegisser et al. (2004) studied allozymes and mtDNA of T. bardanae reared from A. tomentosum and A. minus . As the result, only 2 allozyme loci showed host-related differentiation, but the mtDNA showed quite significant and consistent host-related genetic differentiation. Such differences suggest that the term ‘host races’ could apply to T. bardanae reared from different hosts. On the other hand, according to Merz (1994), A. minus is the recorded host plant for T. zernyi , which is quite similar to T. bardanae and there is a possibility that some material analyzed by Diegisser et al. (2004) could represent T. zernyi , so additional studies of molecular markers throughout West and Central Europe are needed.

Figures

FIGURES 1a–h. Tephritis, spp. wings: a—T. bardanae; b—T. zernyi; c—T. ghissarica; d—T. kyrghyzica; e—T. hyoscyami; f—T. hendeliana; g—T. postica; h—T. theryi. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 2a–h. Tephritis, spp. wings: a—T. valida; b—T. kogardtauica; c—T. dilacerata dilacerata; d—T. dilacerata kaszabi; e—T. kovalevi kovalevi; f—T. kovalevi kumana; g—T. formosa; h—T. youngiana. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 5a–f. Tephritis bardanae: a—habitus ♀; b—syntype of Trypeta confusa Meigen; c–f—wing. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 6a–g. Tephritis bardanae: a—tip of aculeus, ventral view; b—aculeus, ventral view; c—eversible membrane, ventral view; d—spermathecae; e—eggs; f—epandrium, posterior view; g—glans of phallus, lateral. Scale bar = 1 mm.