Aponychus corpuzae Rimando 1966

Pan, Xiao-Juan, Jin, Dao-Chao & Yi, Tian-Ci, 2023, Redescription of three species of Aponychus from China with ontogenetic development and morphological variations of A. corpuzae (Acariformes: Tetranychidae), Zootaxa 5324 (1), pp. 185-226 : 186-210

Aponychus corpuzae Rimando 1966

( Figs 1–25 )

Aponychus corpuzae Rimando 1966: 107 .

Material examined

A total of 67 females, 32 males, 33 immatures were examined: three females, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 5 May 1981, by En-Pei Ma, from Xishangbanna National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Six females, two males, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 26 May 1983, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Xishangbanna National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China. Two females, two males, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 25 May 1983, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, China. Three females, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 11 December 1977, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, China. Six females, two males, two deutonymphs, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 12 December 1977, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China. Ten females, five males, four deutonymphs, collected on leaf of Shibataea kumasasa (Poaceae) , on 16 September 1975, coll. En-Pei Ma, Ruijin City, Zhejiang Province, China. Two females, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 4 December 1977, coll. En-Pei Ma, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. One male, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 7 December 1977, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Xinglong County, Hainan Island, China. Two females, collected on leaf of bamboo, on 31 October 1979, coll. En-Pei Ma, from Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China. One female, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 27 September 1979, coll. Jia, from Jiulianshan Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China. Three females, three males, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 6 November 1985, coll. Yi-Lan Yuan, from Pudong Shanghai City, China. One female, collected under the bark of Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae) , on 4 December 1977, coll. Gu, Sheshan, Shanghai City, China. One female, collected on 15 September 1982, coll. Wu, host and locality are unknown. Three females, one male, one deutonymph, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ), on 12 May 1988, from Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Fujian Province, China, coll. Ping Zou. Six females, one male, collected on leaf of bamboo ( Poaceae ). Data and collector of collection unknown. 12 females, eight males, 12 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs and 2 larvae, collected on leaves of bamboo ( Poaceae ), from Badagongshan National Natural Reserve, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China, on 13 August 2016, coll. Tian-Ci Yi. Five females, four males, two deutonymphs, one protonymphs and six larvae, from Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, on 18 December 2016, coll. Tian-Ci Yi. All above specimens deposited in Acari collections of Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China. Two females and two males, collected on leaf of Phyllostachys edulis (as synonym P. heterocycla ) ( Poaceae ) from Yongan City, Fujian Province, coll. Yan-Xuan Zhang, on 27 August, 1996, deposited in Acari collections of Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Science, Fuzhou, China.

Description

Adult female (n = 20)

Dorsum ( Figs 1–2 , 3A ). Idiosoma oblong-ovate and dorsoventrally flattened, light green, with obvious propodosomal lateral expansion of body margin between sc 2 and c 3, length of idiosoma 262–345 excluding gnathosoma, 351–485 including gnathosoma, 213–263 wide. Prodorsal integument finely granulate and with transverse undulating folds, much stronger medially; with band of short transverse folds along medial dorsum. Prodorsum with three pairs of setae (v 2, sc 1, sc 2); setae v 2 stout with broad blunt tip, inserted on tubercles, about 2 to 2.5 times as long as setae sc 1 but shorter than sc 2; setae sc 2 on strong tubercles, completely finely barbed; length of setae: v 2 31–49, sc 1 12–24, sc 2 51–66.

Hysterosomal dorsum finely granulate, somewhat tracking sejugal furrow ( Fig. 2 ); setae c 1, c 2, d 1, d 2, e 1, f 2 lanceol integument with transverse folds, much stronger medially; with distinct narrow band of transverse folds curving along setal row C. Dorsal central setae (c 1, d 1 and e 1) subequal, shorter than distances between their bases and bases of setae in next row; e 2 longer, lanceolate; f 2 much shorter than f 1, lanceolate; c 3, f 1 and h 1 similar in form to sc 2. Lengths of dorsal setae: c 1 14–28, c 2 11–23, c 3 54–72, d 1 11–27, d 2 15–32, e 1 13 –27, e 2 32 –60, f 1 34–64, f 2 14–30, h 1 52–75; inserted ventrally h 2 13–24, h 3 16–26; distance between setal bases: v 2 –v 2 56–73, sc 1 –sc 1 85–111, sc 2 –sc 2 201–243, c 1 –c 1 36–58, d 1 –d 1 62–89, e 1 – e 1 51–76, f 1 –f 1 69–109, h 1 –h 1 34–52.

Venter ( Fig. 4 ). Striae mostly transverse; pregenital striae broken or discontinuous; genital flap with transverse to arching striae; anal valves with longitudinal striae; body with narrow band of finely granulate cuticle posteriorly. All ventral setae fine and smooth; setae 1a, 3a and 4a shorter than distance between their bases respectively; coxal setal count 2-2-1-1, one pair of anal setae (ps 1), two pairs of genital setae (g 1-2); length of setae: 1a 8–21, 3a 8–20, 4a 7–15, ag 8–16, g 1 18–32, g 2 18–32, ps 1 9–14; distance between setae: 1a–1a 19–33, 3a–3a 31–58, 4a–4a 29–69, ag–ag 22–48, g 1 – g 1 26–36, g 2 – g 2 43–56, ps 1 – ps 1 14–22, h 2 – h 2 20 –27, h 3 – h 3 39–49.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 4 , 24D ). Stylophore with oblique longitudinal striae and two strong distal lobes ( Fig. 24D ; see also Figs 1 , 2 , 3A ); ventral infracapitular setae m smooth, 16–22 in length, m–m 26–34 ( Fig. 4 ); palp setation and notation as shown in Figure 5A ; palptarsus: terminal eupathidium (suζ) tapered, 5.8–7.3 in length, 2.1–2.7 in width at base; two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, 5.4–6.9; one solenidion (ω), 3.6–4.8; three tactile setae (a, b, c), short, smooth, occasionally bifurcate; peritreme slender and ending in small expansion.

Legs ( Figs 6A–H ). Tarsal empodia absent; no duplex setae and no pairs of associated setae on tarsus I, two solenidia ω′ 12–16, ω″ 8–13; tibia I with one solenidion φ 20–26 long; tarsus II with either one set of duplex setae or one pair of closely associated setae, solenidion ω″ 13–15 long; tarsi III and IV with one solenidion ω′ 12–15, ω′ 13–17 respectively. Length of leg segments: trochanter I 34–41, femur I 136–153, genu I 72–86, tibia I 102–105, tarsus I 118–132; trochanter II 28–36, femur II 110–118, genu II 58–75, tibia II 70–81, tarsus II 100–119; trochanter III 27–35, femur III 98–107, genu III 52–66, tibia III 80–94, tarsus III 120–134; trochanter IV 28–39, femur IV 136–156, genu IV 46–69, tibia IV 82–107, tarsus IV 130–144. Chaetotaxy of legs I–IV (eupathidia followed by solenidia in parentheses) ( Fig. 6 ): trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 7-5-4-2; genua 3-3-2-2; tibiae 5(0;1)-3-2-2; tarsi 10(3; 2)-9(3; 1)-8(0; 1)-8(0; 1).

Adult male (n = 5)

Dorsum ( Figs 3B , 7–8 ). Idiosoma subovate, narrowing posteriorly, light green; length of idiosoma 210–245 excluding gnathosoma, 286–382 including gnathosoma, 145–167 wide. Dorsal integument finely granulate, with few transverse wrinkles and folds; 13 pairs of dorsal setae similar to female, narrowly lanceolate with mostly blunt tips. Length of dorsal setae: v 2 20–31, sc 1 11–20, sc 2 25–47, c 1 10–18, c 2 8–17, c 3 40–57, d 1 11–16, d 2 13–30, e 1 10 –18, e 2 15 –31, f 1 21–38, f 2 13–31, h 1 25–40; distance between setal bases: v 2 –v 2 47–61, sc 1 –sc 1 69–84, sc 2 –sc 2 151–178, c 1 –c 1 29–34, d 1 –d 1 45–52, e 1 – e 1 32–35, f 1 –f 1 59–72, h 1 –h 1 28–41.

Venter ( Fig. 9 ). Similar to female, striae mostly transverse, all ventral setae thin. Setae 1a as long as distance between their bases; setae 3a and 4a shorter than distance between their bases. Coxal setae count 2-2-1-1; length of setae: 1a 17–23, 3a 14–20, 4a 13–19; distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a–1a 18–22, 3a–3a 29–35, 4a–4a 30–42; aggenital setae: ag 15–19, ag–ag 5–8; genital setae: g 1 8–10, g 2 9–14, g 1 – g 1 14–23, g 2 – g 2 23–29; anal setae one pair: ps 1 9–13, ps 1 – ps 1 16–33; para-anal setae two pairs h 2 11–18, h 3 12–18, h 2 – h 2 18–31, h 3 – h 3 36–56.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 5B , 7–8 , 24E–F ). Stylophore similar to female, having two horn-like lobes ( Figs 7–8 , 24EF ); ventral infracapitular setae m smooth, 16–23 in length, m–m 24–31; palp setation and notation as shown in Figure 5B ; palptarsus: terminal eupathidium (suζ) elongate, with blunt tipped, 3–4.8 in length, 1–1.7 in width at base; two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, 6.5–7.9; one solenidion (ω), 3.2–3.9; three tactile setae (a, b, c), short, smooth, slender; peritreme ending in small expansion ( Figs 24E–F ).

Legs ( Figs 10A–H ). Tarsal empodia absent; no duplex setae and no pairs of associated setae on tarsus I, three solenidia ω′ 12–16, ω″ 12–15, ω″ 1 10–13; tibia I with four solenidia φ 12–19, φ′ 9–19, φ″ 9–16, φ″ 1 9–13 long; tarsus II with either one set of duplex setae or one pair of closely associated setae, two solenidia ω″ 11–16, ω″ 1 8–12 long; tarsi III and IV with one solenidion ω′ 9–13, ω′ 9–12 respectively; segmental length of legs: trochanter I 35–37, femur I 144–165, genu I 75–97, tibia I 97–119, tarsus I 105–124; trochanter II 30–35, femur II 107–120, genu II 62–81, tibia II 70–101, tarsus II 85–102; trochanter III 25–30, femur III 89–107, genu III 48–65, tibia III 67–102, tarsus III 95–126; trochanter IV 28–34, femur IV 118–144, genu IV 63–78, tibia IV 88–111, tarsus IV 119–143; legs chaetotaxy I–IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): trochanters 1-1-1-1; femora 9-6-4-2; genua 3-3-2-2; tibiae 5(0; 4)-3(0; 2)-2-2; tarsi 10(3; 3)-9(3; 2)-8(0; 1)-8(0; 1); chaetotaxy of legs as show in Figure 10 .

Aedeagus ( Figs 11 A–F ). Aedeagus bluntly tipped, bending upwards forming an obtuse angle.

Deutonymph (n = 5)

Dorsum ( Figs 12–13 ). Length of idiosoma 180–256 excluding gnathosoma, 259–353 including gnathosoma, 137–191 wide; propodosomal integument finely granulated, slighting transverse furrowed in the middle; hysterosomal dorsum with transverse striae between setae c and e rows and finely granulated posteriorly; dorsal setae similar to female; length of dorsal setae: v 2 20–31, sc 1 11–20, sc 2 25–47, c 1 10–18, c 2 8–17, c 3 40–57, d 1 11–16, d 2 13–30, e 1 10 –18, e 2 15 –31, f 1 21–38, f 2 13–31, h 1 25–40; distance between setal bases: v 2 –v 2 47–61, sc 1 –sc 1 69–84, sc 2 –sc 2 151–178, c 1 –c 1 29–34, d 1 –d 1 45–52, e 1 – e 1 32–35, f 1 –f 1 59–72, h 1 –h 1 28–41.

Venter ( Fig. 14 ). Ventral striae mostly transverse; all ventral setae thin and smooth; coxal setal count 2-2-1-1; one pair of anal setae (ps 1); two pairs of genital setae (g 1–2); length of ventral setae: 1a 10–13, 3a 8–12, 4a 7–11, 1b 16–20, 1c 23–29, 2b 15–16, 2c 13–18, 3b 16–18, 4b 11–16; distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a–1a 23–30, 3a–3a 48–65, 4a–4a (53–66); aggenital setae: ag 8–13, ag–ag 15–23; genital setae: g 1 12–17, g 1 – g 1 26–36; anal setae one pair: ps 1 5–8, ps 1 – ps 1 11–15; para-anal setae two pairs h 2 9–16, h 3 10–15, h 2 – h 2 18–20, h 3 – h 3 34–41.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 5C , 12–13 , 24C ). Similar to female, stylophore with longitudinal striae and two strong distal lobes (24C); m 14 (13–16) in length, m–m 29 (29–36); palp setation and notation as shown in Figure 5C ; palptarsus: terminal eupathidium (suζ) elongate, with blunt tipped, 3–4.8 in length, 1–1.7 in width at base; two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, 6.5–7.9; one solenidion (ω), 3.2–3.9; three tactile setae (a, b, c), short, smooth, slender; peritreme ending in small expansion ( Figs 12–13 ).

Legs ( Figs 15A–D ). Tarsal empodia absent; one pair of closely associated setae (ft′ and ω′), two solenidia on tarsus I, solenidia ω′ 8–11, ω″ 8–10 long; tibia I with one solenidion, φ 9–14; tarsus II with one pair of closely associated setae (ft" and ω"), one solenidion ω″ 9–10 long; segmental length of legs: trochanter I 35–37, femur I 144–165, genu I 75–97, tibia I 97–119, tarsus I 105–124; trochanter II 30–35, femur II 107–120, genu II 62–81, tibia II 70–101, tarsus II 85–102; trochanter III 25–30, femur III 89–107, genu III 48–65, tibia III 67–102, tarsus III 95– 126; trochanter IV 28–34, femur IV 118–144, genu IV 63–78, tibia IV 88–111, tarsus IV 119–143; legs chaetotaxy I–IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): trochanters 1-1-1-0; femora 5-3-2-1; genua 3-3-1-1; tibiae 5(0; 1)-3- 2-2; tarsi 8(3; 2)-7(3; 1)-6(0; 1)-6; chaetotaxy of legs shows in Figure 15 .

Protonymph (n = 2)

Dorsum ( Figs 16–17 ). Length of idiosoma 214–225 excluding gnathosoma, 301–313 including gnathosoma, 162–170 wide; propodosomal integument finely granulated and with transverse undulating wrinkled; hysterosomal dorsum with transverse striae between setae c and e rows and finely granulated posteriorly; dorsal setae similar to female; length of dorsal setae: v 2 42–44, sc 1 17–22, sc 2 44–46, c 1 17–20, c 2 17–19, c 3 41–47, d 1 20–22, d 2 18–23, e 1 17 –18, e 2 32 –34, f 1 37–39, f 2 14–17, h 1 42–44; distance between setal bases: v 2 –v 2 48–50, sc 1 –sc 1 73–74, sc 2 –sc 2 140–145, c 1 –c 1 30–31, d 1 –d 1 43–45, e 1 – e 1 30–32, f 1 –f 1 59–65, h 1 –h 1 28–30.

Venter ( Fig. 18 ). Ventral striae mostly transverse; all ventral setae thin and smooth; coxal setal count 2-1-1- 0; length of setae: 1a 9–11, 3a 8–11; distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a–1a 27–29, 3a–3a 44–48; aggenital setae: ag 8–10, ag–ag 18–22; anal setae one pair: ps 1 6–9, ps 1 – ps 1 11–13; para-anal setae two pairs h 2 10–14, h 3 10–14, h 2 – h 2 15–17, h 3 – h 3 33–34.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 5D , 16–17 , 24B ). Stylophore with two shallow distal lobes (24B); m 14–17 in length, m–m 25–27; palp setation and notation as shown in Figure 5D ; palptarsus: terminal eupathidium (suζ) elongate, with blunt tipped, 5–6.4 in length, 1.5–1.9 in width at base; two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, 4.5–6.8; one solenidion (ω), 3.3–3.6; three tactile setae (a, b, c), short, smooth, slender; peritreme ending in small expansion ( Figs 16–17 ).

Legs ( Figs 19A–D ). Tarsal empodia absent; one pair of closely associated setae (ft′ and ω′), two solenidia on tarsus I, solenidia ω′ 8–9, ω″ 8–10 long; tibia I with one solenidion, φ 11–14; tarsus II with one pair of closely associated setae (ft" and ω"), one solenidion ω″ 7–9 long; segmental length of legs: trochanter I 26–28, femur I 56– 58, genu I 26–28, tibia I 25–27, tarsus I 40–44; trochanter II 19–24, femur II 35–39, genu II 21–32, tibia II 19–23, tarsus II 34–37; trochanter III 18–20, femur III 35–37, genu III 19–22, tibia III 24–28, tarsus III 42–44; trochanter IV 19–22, femur IV 28–31, genu IV 16–18, tibia IV 21–23, tarsus IV 40–44; legs chaetotaxy I–IV (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): trochanters 0-0-0-0; femora 3-3-2-1; genua 3-3-1-1; tibiae 5(0; 1)-3-2-2; tarsi 8(3; 2)-7(3; 1)-6-6; chaetotaxy of legs shows in Figure 19 .

Larva (n = 3)

Dorsum ( Figs 20–21 ). Idiosoma subovate, longer than wide, 118–175 long excluding gnathosoma, 181–258 including gnathosoma, 94–123 wide; propodosomal integument with irregular striae and punctation; hysterosomal dorsum with transverse striae. Almost all of setae elongate, slender, dorsocentral setae (c 1, d 1, e 1) longer than the distances between bases of setae and setae in next row; length of dorsal setae: v 2 41–54, sc 1 41–60, sc 2 32–43, c 1 22–48, c 2 25–45, c 3 23–32, d 1 27–44, d 2 20–36, e 1 29 –43, e 2 27 –33, f 1 34–44, f 2 11–22, h 1 28–37; distance between setal bases: v 2 –v 2 29–34, sc 1 –sc 1 61–73, sc 2 –sc 2 87–115, c 1 –c 1 22–27, d 1 –d 1 24–31, e 1 – e 1 18–20, f 1 –f 1 33–44, h 1 –h 1 16–30.

Venter ( Fig. 22 ). Ventral striae mostly transverse; all ventral setae thin and smooth; coxal setal count 1-0-0, one pair of anal setae (ps 1), two pairs of genital setae (g 1-2); length of ventral setae: 1a 10–14, 3a 8–10; distance between intercoxal and coxae setae: 1a–1a 12–21, 3a–3a 24–30; anal setae one pair: ps 1 6–9, ps 1 – ps 1 9–13; para-anal setae two pairs h 2 13–19, h 3 13–17, h 2 – h 2 12–36, h 3 – h 3 23–40.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 5F , 20–21 , 24A ). Stylophore with round anterior margin and longitudinal striate (24A); palp setation and notation as shown in Figure 5F ; palptarsus: terminal eupathidium (suζ) elongate, with blunt tipped, 6.2– 7.8 in length, 1–2.1 in width at base; two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, 5.7–12; one solenidion (ω), 5–7.8; three tactile setae (a, b, c), short, smooth, slender; peritreme ending in small expansion ( Figs 20–21 ).

Legs ( Figs 23A–C ). Tarsal empodia absent; no duplex set or associated setae, one solenidion on tarsus I, ω″ 8–10 long; tibia I with one solenidion, φ 6–10; tarsus II with one pair of loosely associated setae (ft" and ω"), one solenidion ω″ 6–9 long; segmental length of legs: trochanter I 17–20, femur I 31–39, genu I 14–20, tibia I 18–23, tarsus I 23–42; trochanter II 17–19, femur II 26–32, genu II 14–19, tibia II 15–18, tarsus II 32–35; trochanter III 17–21, femur III 23–30, genu III 11–17, tibia III 16–21, tarsus III 32–38; legs chaetotaxy I–III (eupathidia and solenidia in parenthesis): trochanters 0-0-0; femora 3-3-2; genua 3-3-1; tibiae 5(0; 1)-3-2; tarsi 5(2; 1)-5(2; 1)-6; chaetotaxy of legs shows in Figure 23 .

Ontogenetic development of Aponychus corpuzae

Stylophore. The larval stylophore has an evenly rounded anterior margin and longitudinal striae ( Fig. 24A ). The protonymphal stylophore has a broad median shallow depression forming two small lateral projections, and longitudinal striae ( Fig. 24B ). The stylophore of deutonymph, female and male has a deep broad triangular cleft anteriorly forming two lateral conical projections, anterior striae transverse and posterior striae longitudinal (Figs 24C–E). The depth of the anterior cleft in the stylophore develops during ontogeny, and can be variously formed such as the male stylophore shown in Figure 24F .

Striae of integument. In general, the strength and extent of the dorsal striae decrease during development from larva to adult. The integument of the larva dorsal propodosoma has short irregular striae forming a fine lattice pattern mediodorsally, becoming longitudinal anterolaterally and transverse posterolaterally; hysterosoma has transverse striae becoming oblique laterally ( Figs 21 , 25A ). Protonymph dorsal cuticle is almost entirely granulate, with variation in the pattern of striae—dorsal propodosoma with a granulate raised pattern medially and some weak transverse folds but no apparent pattern of striae ( Figs 17 , 25B ); hysterosoma has mostly fine transverse striae becoming longitudinal laterally, and fine irregular striae in pygidial region posterior to setae e 1 ( Figs 17 , 25C ). Deutonymph dorsal cuticle is almost entirely granulate, with variation in the pattern of striae—dorsal propodosoma finely granulate with fine weakly recurved folds medially ( Figs 13 , 25D ); hysterosoma has mostly fine transverse striae, and finely granulate in pygidial region posterior to setae e 1 without apparent pattern of striae ( Figs 13 , 25EF ). Female and male dorsum has finely granulate cuticle ( Figs 1–2 , 7–8 ) and an ornamentation pattern of mostly transverse wrinkles and folds centrally. Female and male venter has mostly fine transverse striae.

Dorsal setae of idiosoma. 13 dorsal setae of idiosoma present in A. corpuzae , v 2, sc 1–2 c 1–3, d 1 – 2, e 1–2, f 1–2, h 1, the shape and length of dorsal idiosomal setae have remarkable change in developmental progress. Larva dorsal setae slender, covered with small barbs; c 1, d 1, e 1 and f 1 longer than the distance to setae in the next setal row ( Figs 20–21 , 26A ). Compared with larva dorsal setae, sc 1, c 1–2, d 1 – 2 and e 1 reduce into short setae in protonymph, deutonymph, female and male; adult dorsal setae much thicker than that of immature stage ( Figs 26A–D ).

The ontogenetic patterns of sacrals (f 1–2) do not seem to agree with Hernandes & Feres’ patterns ( Hernandes & Feres 2013, p 268, Fig. 1 ). We argue that inner sacrals (f 1) and outer sacrals (f 2) are in normal position in A. corpuzae .

Chaetotaxy of legs. Trochanters. The patterns of setation and setal additions on trochanters I–IV in A. corpuzae are the basic patterns of additions described for the Tetranychinae by Lindquist (1985). The seta v′ is absent on trochanters I–IV of the larval and protonymphal stages, and first presents on the deutonymphal trochanters I–III, and on trochanters IV in the adult.

Femora. The larva and protonymph express the basic Tetranychinae pattern on femora I–III, but femur IV interestingly differs in having seta ev′ suppressed. Seta ev′ on femur III is inserted in a much more distal position than commonly seen. Only two setae (l′, v″) are added to femur I in the deutonymph during ontogenetic development, while seta l″ is suppressed on femur I. Setae are added to all femora in the adults, setae v′ and l′ 1 are added to the both female and male femur III (ev′ suppressed), v′ added to both female and male femur IV (ev′ and l′ 1 suppressed); and the patterns of addition are sexually dimorphic. The adult setae l′ 1 and l″ 1 are added to the female femur I (with adult setae v′ 1, v″ 1 suppressed), while all four adult setae l′ 1, l″ 1, v′ 1 and v″ 1 are added to the male femur I. Likewise, adult setae l′ 1 and l″ 1 are added to the female femur II (with only v″ 1 suppressed), while the three adult setae l′ 1, l″ 1 and v″ 1 are added to the male femur II.

Compared with the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985), A. corpuzae has the seta ev′ not on the normal position, but occupies a v′ position and maintains this situation until adult stages, and a total of six femoral setae suppressed during ontogeny from larva to female and three setae suppressed during ontogeny from larva to male, and there appears to be no delayed additions— ev′ on adult femur IV; l″ on deutonymphal femur I; v″ 1, v′ 1 on female femur I, v″ 1 on femur female II, l′ 1 on female femur IV; one seta l′ 1 suppressed on male femur IV. The chaetotaxy of femurs I–IV in this species is sexually dimorphic, 7-5-4- 2 in female and 9-6-4- 2 in male.

A total of six setae are suppressed on femurs during ontogenetic development from larva to female and three setae from larva to male, and there appears to be no delayed addition.

Genua. The genual setation on larval, protonymphal and deutonymphal legs I–IV in A. corpuzae is 3-3-1-1, l′, l″ and v′ on genu I and II, and v′ on genu III and IV. Adult genus I–II retain the immature chaetotaxy, whereas adult genu III–IV are added the seta l′. Compared with the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985), A. corpuzae has a total of ten setae suppressed during ontogeny, eight of which appear to be no delayed additions and two of which are delayed additions— v″ suppressed on larval genu I and II, l′ suppressed on larval and protonymphal genu III and protonymphal genu IV, d suppressed on deutonymphal genu I–IV that present in adult genus III–IV and appear to occupy position of the seta l′, v″ suppressed on adult genu III–IV.

A total of 10 setae suppressed on genu during ontogenetic development, including two delayed additions.

Tibiae. The tibial setation on larval, protonymphal and deutonymphal legs I–IV in A. corpuzae is 5(1)-3-2-2, five tactile setae (db, l′, l″, v′ and v″) and one solenidion (φ) on tibia I, three tactile setae (d, l′ and v′) on tibia II, two tactile setae (l′ and v′) on tibiae III and IV. Female tibia I–IV retains the immature chaetotaxy while three solenidions (φ′, φ″ and φ″ 1) appear in male tibia II and two (φ′ and φ″) on tibia II. The ontogenetic pattern of tibial setae in A. corpuzae has the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985). A total of 13 setae are suppresed on tibiae during ontogenetic development, and appear to be no delayed addition— l″ and v″ suppressed on larval tibia II; d, l″ and v″ suppressed on larval tibia III; l′ 1 and l″ 1 suppressed on deutonymphal tibia I; v′ 1 suppressed on adult tibia I–IV, l′ 1 suppressed on adult tibia II and IV.

Tarsi. The setation on larval female tarsus I–III is 6 (2 eupathidia) (1 solenidion)-6 (2 eupathidia) (1 solenidion)- 6, six tactile setae (u′, u″, ft′, ft″, pv′ and pv″), two eupathidial setae (p′ζ and pζ″) and one solenidion (ω″) on tarsus I–II, and six tactile setae on tarsus III. Larval tarsi in A. corpuzae have the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985).

Four setae (v′ 1, ω′, tc′ and tc″) are added to protonymphal tarsus I and paired pv changed to be heterotypical, two (tc′ and tc″) are added to protonymphal tarsus II and paired pv changed to be heterotypical. Compared with the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985), protonymphal tarsus III in A. corpuzae have two setae (tc′ and tc″) suppressed.

Deutonymphal tarsi I, II and IV retain the same chaetotaxy as protonymphal tarsi I, II and IV; one solenidion (ω′) present on deutonymphal tarsus III, a pair of closely associated setae on protonymphal tarsi I (ft′ and ω′) start to separate on deutonymphal tarsi I. Compared with the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985), deutonymphal tarsi in A. corpuzae have four setae (l′ 1, l″ 1, v″ 1 and ω″ 1) suppressed on tarsus I, one seta (v′ 1) on suppressed on tarsus II. The setae v″ 1 on tarsus I and v′ 1 on tarsus II are delayed additions.

Two setae (v″ 1 and v′ 2) are added to female tarsus I, two (v″ 1 and v′ 1) on tarsus II, two (v″ 1 and v′ 1) on tarsus III, and three (v″ 1, v′ 1 and ω′) on tarsus IV. Compared with the basic pattern of Tetranychinae described by Lindquist (1985), female tarsi in A. corpuzae have v″ 1 on tarsus I delayed additions, ω″ 1, v′ 2 and l′ 1 on tarsus II suppressed, and additional v″ 1 on tarsus III.

A total of 12 setae are suppressed on tarsi during ontogenetic development from larva to female and male, including two delayed additions in female and four in male.

Compared with the data presented by Lindquist (1985) for the Tetranychidae , there are several differences during the ontogeny of this species as follows:

1) one additional seta, ventral seta (v″ 1) on tarsus III in female and male, does not express setal standard for the Tetranychidae . Lindquist (1985) states that spider mites are unique among the Tetranychoidea in generally having setae added to each of tarsi I–IV, and these additions are few in the Tetranychinae but include the rare addition of v" 1 to ta III and v′ 1 – v" 1 to ta IV. This rare addition to ta III–IV in the adult was also noted by Seeman et al. 2017 for Eotetranychus species.

2) There is a significant amount of setal suppression on the legs and there appears to be delayed additions. A total of 41 setae are suppressed during the ontogenic development, and four setae in female and six setae in male are delayed additions.

3) Paired tc′ and tc″ are suppressed on tarsus III in protonymph and tarsus IV in deutonymph, and are absent in the adult female and male.

4) Larval seta ev′ is not in normal position on femur III and is suppressed on femur IV.

5) The patterns of setal additions in the adults show sexual dimorphism.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Aponychus corpuzae. Female, dorsum.

FIGURE 2. Aponychus corpuzae. Photograph. Female, dorsal view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 3. Aponychus corpuzae. Photographs, alive. A, female; B, male and deutonymph.

FIGURE 4. Aponychus corpuzae. Female, venter.

FIGURE 5. Aponychus corpuzae. A, female, palp; B, male, palp; C, deutonymph, palp; D, protonymph, palp; E, larva, palp.

FIGURE 6. Aponychus corpuzae. Female: A, femur and genu of leg Ⅰ; B, tibia and tarsus of leg Ⅰ; C, femur and genu of leg II; D, tibia and tarsus of leg II; E, trochanter, femur and genu of leg III; F, tibia and tarsus of leg III; G, trochanter, femur and genu of leg IV; H, tibia and tarsus of leg IV.

FIGURE 7. Aponychus corpuzae. Male, dorsum.

FIGURE 8. Aponychus corpuzae. Photograph. Male, dorsal view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 9. Aponychus corpuzae. Male, venter.

FIGURE 10. Aponychus corpuzae. Male:A, trochanter, femur and genu of leg Ⅰ; B, tibia and tarsus of leg Ⅰ; C, trochanter, femur and genu of leg II; D, tibia and tarsus of leg II; E, trochanter, femur and genu of leg III; F, tibia and tarsus of leg III; G, trochanter, femur and genu of leg IV; H, tibia and tarsus of leg IV.

FIGURE 11. Aponychus corpuzae. Male: A–F, aedeagus.

FIGURE 12. Aponychus corpuzae. Deutonymph, dorsum.

FIGURE 13. Aponychus corpuzae. Photograph. Deutonymph: dorsal view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 14. Aponychus corpuzae. Deutonymph, venter.

FIGURE 15. Aponychus corpuzae. Deutonymph: A–D, legs I–IV, respectively.

FIGURE 16. Aponychus corpuzae. Protonymph, dorsum.

FIGURE 17. Aponychus corpuzae. Photograph. Protonymph: dorsal view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 18. Aponychus corpuzae. Protonymph, venter.

FIGURE 19. Aponychus corpuzae. Protonymph, A–D, legs I–IV, respectively.

FIGURE 20. Aponychus corpuzae. Larva, dorsum.

FIGURE 21. Aponychus corpuzae. Photograph. Larva: dorsal view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 22. Aponychus corpuzae. Larva, venter.

FIGURE 23. Aponychus corpuzae. Larva: A–C, legs I–III, respectively.

FIGURE 24. Aponychus corpuzae. Photographs. Stylophore, A, larva; B, protonymph; C, deutonymph; D, female; E-F, male.

FIGURE 25. Aponychus corpuzae. Photographs. Showing striae on dorsum. A, propodosoma. larva; B, propodosoma, protonymph; C, hysterosoma (anterior part), protonymph; D, propodosoma, deutonymph; E, hysterosoma (anterior part), deutonymph; F, opisthosoma deutonymph.

FIGURE 26. Aponychus corpuzae. A, dorsum, larva; B, opisthosoma, protonymph; C, opisthosoma, deutonymph; D, caudal, female.