Hybos culiciformis (Fabricius)

Shamshev, Igor, Grootaert, Patrick & Kustov, Semen, 2015, New data on the genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Palaearctic Region, Zootaxa 3936 (4), pp. 451-484 : 455-463

Hybos culiciformis (Fabricius)

( Figs 4–22 , 24, 25 , 50 )

Asilus culiciformis Fabricius, 1775: 796 . Hybos vitripennis Meigen, 1820: 348 .

Hybos rufitarsis von Roser, 1840: 53.

Hybos infuscatus Zetterstedt, 1842: 234 . Hybos rufitarsis Zetterstedt, 1849: 2994 .

Material examined: ALGERIA: 1 ♀, Algerie, C. Morawitz ( ZIN). AUSTRIA: 1 ♂, Styria, Strobl ( ZIN). CROATIA: 2♂, Split-Dalmatia, Trogir, vi.2001, RW (RW). BELGIUM: 1 ♂, Aalter, 5.viii.1958, MB; 1 ♂, Angleur, 5.ix.1978, A. Pauly; 1 ♀, Antheit, 28.vii.1989, R. Detry; 1 ♀, As, 26.viii.1927, A. Ball; 4 ♀, Asse, 26.viii.1922; 1 ♀, Bampont, 6.viii.1916, L.F. Bray; 1 ♂, Bastongne, 26.vii.1936; 1 ♂, Beauraing, 22.vii.1943; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Beernem, 9.viii.1986, 20.ix.1986, MP; 1 ♂, Beerse, 26.viii.1997, LB; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bellem, 27.vi.1945, MG; 35 ♂, 11 ♀, Beveren-Waas, 9.vii.–10.ix.1993, CM; 1 ♂, Blanc Gravier, 26.vi.1936; 1 ♀, Bléret, 23.viii.1984, C. Fassotte; 24 ♂, 21 ♀, Bois de Cerfontaine, 25.viii.1950; 1 ♀, Bois de Ghlin, 18.viii.1948; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bois de la Haute Marlagne, 16.ix.1949, R. Tollet, AC; 1 ♀, Bois de Capucins, 31.vii.1942, R. Tollet; 6 ♂, Bonlez, 12.viii.1970; 1 ♀, Botrange, 2.ix.1921; 5 ♂, 4 ♀, Nieuwpoort (Brandaris), 18.vii.–9.viii.1992, PG; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Brasschaat, 12.viii.1952, 2.ix.1950, L. Marnef; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Brugge, 21.vii.1978, Ch. Verbeke; 2 ♂, Bure, 20.viii.1971, HSY; 1 ♂, Buzenol, vii.1939, MB; 13 ♂, 8 ♀, same locality, 4.ix.1980, 25.viii.1981, PG; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chiny, 22.viii.1933, 25.vii.1935, MG; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, vii.1945, R. Laurent; 3 ♂, 5 ♀, same locality, 15.viii.1945, MB; 1 ♂, same locality, 17.viii.1945, MG; 2 ♂, Ciergnon, 15.vii.1937, AC; 1 ♀, Colonster, 16.vii.1943, AC; 1 ♀, Corbion-sur-Semois, 9.viii.1923, MG; 2 ♀, Croix Rouge, 11.viii.1959, L. Marnef; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Daknam, 8.viii.2000, 31.viii.2000, PG; 1 ♂, 18 ♀, Daverdisse, 16.vii.1936; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, De Kuifeend, 9.vii.1988, 20.viii.1988, 3.ix.1988, LB; 1 ♂, De Panne, 24.vii.1924; 2 ♀, same locality, 12, 16.ix.1930, MG; 1 ♀, same locality, 26.vi.1961; 2 ♂, same locality, 21.vii.1978, Ch. Verbeke; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Destelbergen, 1.viii.1913, 17.vii.1924, MG; 1 ♀, same locality, 26.vii.1934, AC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Deurle, 4.viii.1936, MB; 1 ♂, Eeklo, 15.vii.1912, MG; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Ellezelles, 27.vii.1958, 8.vii.1959, MB; 1 ♂, Ename, 4.viii.1983, PG; 1 ♀, same locality, 15.viii.1994, MP; 1 ♂, Erpent, 23.viii.1984, C. Fassotte; 1 ♀, Ethe, 14.viii.1959, L. Marnef; 1 ♀, same locality, 25.vii.1962, C. Segers; 1 ♀, Eupen, 29.vii.1952, E. Janssens; 1 ♀, Everbeek, 6.vii.1971; 1 ♀, Everberg, 7.vii.1945, F.G. Overlaet; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Falaen, 13.viii.1916, A. Tonnoir; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 2.viii.1943, MB; 1 ♀, Florenville, 13.viii.1931, MG; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Fond/Roy, 5.viii.1945, P. Vanschuytbroeck; 2 ♀, Fort Jaqo, 27.vii.1944; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Francorchamps, 5.viii.1916, 5.viii.1921, 18.ix.1926, GS; 3 ♂, Frasnes, 30.viii.1936, MB; 3 ♀, Gent, 5.vii.1911, 1, 7.vii.1959, MB; 1 ♂, Genval, 5.vii.1942, R. Tollet; 1 ♀, Gierle, 30.vi.1926, GS & A. Ball; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Gimnée, 8.viii.1937, MB; 2 ♂, Glain, 12.vii.1895, Candèze; 1 ♀, Grandglise, 16.viii.1968; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Groenendaal, 14.ix.1884, 1.ix.1885, 19.ix.1892, J. Jacobs, 6 ♂, 1 ♀, 28.vii.1943; 2 ♀, Groenhove ( O)P, 19.vii.1986, MP; 8 ♂, 10 ♀, Hannecartbos, 7.vii.–18.viii.1987, MP; 1 ♀, Hechtel, 30.vii.1995, L. Crevecoeur; 1 ♀, same locality, 3.viii.1997, LB; 1 ♀, Hertogenwald, 10.viii.1892, Coucke; 1 ♂, Heusden, 31.vii.1942, MG; 11 ♂, 2 ♀, Hever, 13.vii.1970, 3.ix.1970; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Hockai, 21.vii.1931, 11.viii.1939, 11.viii.1946, MG; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hoeilaart, 26.ix.1997, LB; 2 ♂, 8 ♀, Hoogstraten, 2, 28.vi.1918, 24.viii.1918, GS; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 13.vii.1938; 1 ♂, Houyet, 6.vii.1928, MG; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 19.viii.1936; 7 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 14.vii.1937; 2 ♀, Itterbeek-bij-Dilbeek, 1934, AC; 1 ♂, Kain, 11.ix.1923; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Kalmthout, 3.viii.1997, 26.viii.1997, LB; 1 ♀, Knokke, 14.viii.1957, MB; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Koksijde, 12, 26.viii.1983, Ann Muylaert; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kranepoel, 24, 31.vii.1958, MB; 1 ♀, La Hulpe, 3.viii.1874, J. Jacobs; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Leiemeersen, 1.ix.2000, PG; 1 ♂, Les Cothay, 7.vii.1939; 1 ♀, Logne, 7.viii.1913, J. Muller; 1 ♂, Lorce, 25.viii.1958, MB; 1 ♂, Losheimergraben, 10.viii.1951; 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Malmédy, 20.vii.1935, AC; 1 ♀, Marbehan, 15.viii.1937, MB; 1 ♀, Marchin, 20.vii.1936, AC; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Melle, 21.vii.1911, 29.vii.1936, 13.viii.1944, MB; 5 ♂, 3 ♀, Merelbeke, 27.viii.1934, AC; 1 ♀, same locality, 9.vii.1944, MB; 1 ♀, Merksplas, 17.ix.1947; 1 ♂, Middenhut, 8.viii.1944; 7 ♂, 5 ♀, Mirwart, 13.vii., 3.viii.1943, 20.viii.1948, 6.x.1949, R. Tollet; 1 ♂, Modave, 7.viii.1924, MG; 17 ♂, 18 ♀, Moerbeke-Waas, 27.vii., 11.viii., 25.viii., 14.ix., 30.ix.1999, WD & PG; 1 ♀, Mol, 28.viii.1959, L. Marnef; 1 ♀, Mont-St-Pierre, 20.viii.1939, AC; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Moorsel, 8.vi.1927, 7.vii.1935, 31.vii.1938; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Munte, 23.vii, 13.viii.1936, MB; 2 ♀, same locality, 25.vi.1931, MG; 1 ♂, Nonceveux, 30.vii.1943; 1 ♂, Oudergem, 24.vii.1942, R. Tollet; 1 ♂, Oud-Heverlee, 5.viii.1997, LB; 1 ♂, Ourthe, 15.ix.1949; 3 ♂, Overmere, 25.vi.1944, J. Verbeke; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Pépinster, 14.vii.1950, R. Tollet; 5 ♂, Petit Han, 11.viii.1937; 2 ♀, Poix St-Hubert, 18.vii.1937, AC; 62 ♂, 63 ♀, Polder van Hoboken, 27.vii., 3.viii., 7, 17, 24.viii., 7.ix, 16.ix, 21.ix.1990, F. Ven; 33 ♂, 15 ♀, Postel, 20.v., 30.vi.1926, 9.vii., 11.vii., 15.viii., 24, 27.viii., 6.ix., 14.x.1922, GS; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Rabais, 31.vii.1926; 2 ♂, Ranst, 14.ix.1952, L. Marnef; 7 ♀, Remersdaal, 19.viii.1936, AC; 1 ♀, Retie, 25.viii.1919; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Rivage, 30.vii.1937, A. Pauly; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Rixensart, viii.1903, A. Guillaume; 4 ♂, Rood Klooster, 10.vii.1916, A. Tonnoir; 1 ♂, Sart Tilman, 5.ix.1946; 1 ♂, Snellegem, 21.vii.1980, Ch. Verbeke; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Solières, 23.vii.1936, AC; 1 ♂, Stamprooierbroek, 1.viii.1996, L. Crevecoeur; 1 ♂, Ste-Marie, 1980; 7 ♂, 4 ♀, Sterrebeek, 11.viii.1940, AC; 1 ♀, St-Hubert, GS; 1 ♀, St-Hubert, 5.viii.1925, MG; 1 ♀, St-Martens-Latem, 27.viii.1931, MG; 2 ♀, St-Pieters-Woluwe, 8.viii.1893; 1 ♀, Streupas, 18.viii.1978, A. Pauly; 1 ♀, St-Vaast, 25.viii.1918; 2 ♂, Ter Kameren, 25.viii.1896; 1 ♂, Tilff, 25.vii.1943; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Torgny, vii.1939, MB; 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Tornhout, 3.v.1914, 18.vii.1982, 1.ix.1984, 13.vii.1986, MP; 10 ♂, 11 ♀, Treignes, 31.vii., 14, 20, 27.viii., 3, 11.ix.1984, K. Hofmans; 1 ♀, Ursel, 12.ix.2001, PG; 1 ♂, Vallée de la Warche, 9.viii.1947; 5 ♂, 2 ♀, Vallée du Rabais, 2.ix.1980; 2 ♂, Vecquée, 16.viii.1946; 1 ♂, Veldegem, 13.vii.1986, MP; 17 ♀, Verdronkenkinderenvijver, 16.viii.1951; 1 ♀, Villers-sur-Lesse, 7.ix.1911, J. Muller; 1 ♂, Virelles, 13.x.1986, N. Magis; 1 ♀, Visé, 16.viii.1937, AC; 11 ♂, 4 ♀, Vloetemveld, 13, 19, 20.vii, 9.viii., 6.ix.1986, MP; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality, 18.viii.1979, 29.viii.1981, Ch. Verbeke; 1 ♂, Waarschoot, 30.vi.1943, MB; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Waasmunster, MP; 3 ♂, 5 ♀, same locality, 31.viii., 19.ix.2000, PG; 1 ♀, Waha, 5.viii.1931; 2 ♀, Watermaal, viii.1903, A. Guillaume; 1 ♀, Waulsort, 3.viii.1951, R. Tollet; 1 ♀, Wemmel, 4.vi.1917, A. Tonnoir; 36 ♂, 50 ♀, Westhoek (NW), 9, 23.vi, 7.vii., 18, 31.viii.1987, MP; 1 ♂, Westmalle, 28.vii.1959, M. Claes; 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Wetteren, 6.vii., 11, 25.viii, 14, 30.ix.1999, WD & PG; 1 ♀, Wijnendale, 8.viii.1987, MP; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wijnendalebos, 31.viii.1985, MP; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Zedelgem, 12.vii.1986, MP; 1 ♀, Zoniënwoud, 10.ix.1985, MP; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Zoniënwoud, 5.viii.1934, 7.vii.1935, 14.vii.1940, 31.vii., 14.viii.1942, R. Tollet (all material in RBINS). BYELORUSSIA: Brest: 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Belovezhskaya puschya, fir-wood, 27.vii.1961, Narchuk ( ZIN). CROATIA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Lovran, 22.viii.1967, B.H. & M.C. Cogan, B.M. 1969–270 ( BMNH). CYPRUS: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 1250 m, Pano Platres, Caledonian Falls, 34.34N / 32.52E, pine forest, stream, St. 16, 25.iv.2002, leg. Merz, Deeming, Ebejer & Gatt ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 830m, Diarizos valley, 4 km E Ag. Nikolaos, 34.52N / 32.49E, pine forest, St. 9, 23.iv.2002, leg. Merz, Deeming, Ebejer & Gatt ( MHNG); 1 ♀, 1370 m, 3 km SW Troodos vill., 34.54N / 32.52E, pine forest, St. 15, 25.iv.2002, leg. Merz, Deeming, Ebejer & Gatt ( MHNG). FINLAND: Tavastia Proper: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hämeenlinna [61º00'N 024º28'E], shore of lake, 21.viii.1968, Negrobov ( ZMMU); Uusimaa: 1 ♂, Loviisa, Kuggom Mossen, 670697:845441, 30.vi.2011, J. Flinck [JF]; 6 ♂, 8 ♀, Loviisa, Harmaakallion multavarasto, 6701344:8456522, 23–27.vii. 2011, 30.vii. –3.viii.2011, 28 –29.vii.2012, JF; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Loviisa, Trollberget, 670314:845904, 29–30.vii. 2011, 31.vii. –1.viii.2012, JF; 1 ♂, Loviisa, Vanha kaatopaikka, 6703171:8460509, 8 –10.vii.2012, JF; 1 ♂, Loviisa, Rauhala, 6701973:8456974, 28 –29.vii.2012, JF (JF, RW). FRANCE: Alpes maritimes: 1 ♀, Mercantour, 23.vii.–7.viii.2010, AB31515637, CD ( MNHN). Alsace: 3 ♂, Mont des Oiseaux, Var, 13.viii.1932, coll. Hesse ( MNHN). Aquitaine: 3 ♂, Fleurac, Dordogne, 12.viii.1996, N. Drezet & JC ( MNHN); 2 ♀, Ft domaniale de Bordes, Pyrénées atlantiques, 600 m, 30.viii.1995, LM ( MNHN); 1 ♂, La Fageotte, Dordogne, 23.ix.1923, coll. Hesse ( MNHN). Auvergne: 3 ♀, Mt Mezenc, Loire, 1500 m, 19.viii.1995, CD ( MNHN). Basse-Normandie: 1 ♂, Luc sur Mer, Calvados, 3.viii.1903, coll. Hesse ( MNHN). Centre: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Ft domaniale de Lamotte-Beuvron, Loiret, 20.viii.1997, E. Méjaen, JC & CD ( MNHN); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Menestreau-en-Villette, Loiret, 23.viii.1997, CD ( MNHN). Champagne-Ardenne: 1 ♂, Vendresse, Ardennes ( MNHN); 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Bois la Roi, Ardennes, 1933, L. Chopard ( MNHN); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Olizy, Ardennes, 5.vii.1997, JC ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Ft domaniale de Termes, Ardennes, Bois de la Sarthe, viii.1995, JC ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Ft domaniale de Bouit-aux-Bois, Ardennes, JC ( MNHN). Corsica: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ Vizzavona, coll. JV ( RBINS); 1 ♀, Vivaris, 12.viii.1926, R. Benoist ( MNHN). Franche-Comté: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Montessaux, Haute Saônne, 9.viii.1909, 20.viii.1920, coll. Hesse ( MNHN). Île-de-France: 3 ♀, Bois de Verrières, Seine-et-Oise [Essonne], 28.viii.1941, A. Bayard ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, 6.ix, JV ( RBINS); 1 ♀, Meudon, 19.ix.1956 ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Rambouillet, Yvelines, 7.vii.1907, JV ( RBINS); 1 ♀, same locality, vi, Séguy ( MNHN); 1 ♂, same locality, 27.vii.1924, coll. Hesse ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Maison-La-Fitte, Yvelines, 1919, J. De Gaulle ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, 22.vii.1996, CD ( MNHN); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Bois de la Couronne, 2.viii.2002, JC ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Paris, viii.1981, LM ( MNHN). Limousin: 2 ♂, Corrèze, Champagne la Noaille, 16.vii.2010, RW (RW); 1 ♀, Corrèze, Alvinac, 27.vii.2011, RW (RW); 1 ♂, Corrèze, Gironde, Pauliac, 29.vii.2011, RW (RW). Lorraine: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Gérardmer, Vogues, 18.vii.1942, MB ( RBINS); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Sassey, Eure, 5.viii.1945 ( MNHN). Midi-Pyrénées: 1 ♂, Saint Béat, Haute Garonne, 30.viii.1930, H. Ribaut ( MNHN); 6 ♂, 7 ♀, Ft de Montauban de Luchon, 1200 m, 6.viii.1992, CD ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Bethmale, Ariège, 600 m, 28.viii.1995, LM ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Alliat, Ariège, 600 m, 31.viii.1995, LM ( MNHN); 2 ♀, Ax-l.-Thermes, Ariège, 1.ix.1910, coll. Hesse ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Cèdre, Hautes Pyrénées, 31.viii.1912, coll. Hesse ( MNHN); 2 ♀, Le Verdier, Tarn, 19.vii.1993, C. Cousinier ( MNHN); 2 ♂, Montferrier, Hérault ( MNHN). Pays de la Loire: 3 ♀, Ft de Chambiers, Maine et Loire, 15.viii.1969, J. Beaucournu & LM ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Marans, Maine et Loire, 8.ix.1923 ( MNHN). Rhône-Alpes: 2 ♂, Collonges, Ain, 11.viii.1931, A. Naville ( MHNG); 5 ♂, forest above Vals les Bains, Ardèche, 9.ix.2004, leg. D.M. Ackland ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Vals les Bains, Ardèche, 3–12.ix.2004, leg. D.M. Ackland ( MHNG); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Sagnes et Goudoulet, Ardèche, 21.viii.1995, CD & E. Méjaen ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Peyreyres, Ardèche, 900 m, 8.viii.1995, CD ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Le Cheylard Beauverne, Ardèche, 20.viii.1995, CD ( MNHN); 2 ♀, Bossy / Frangy, 450 m, Haute-Savoie, 28.ix., 2.x.1996, J. Steffen ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 430 m, Le Pas de l’Echelle, Haute-Savoie, 25.viii.2000, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Hautil, Val d'Oise, JV ( RBINS); 2 ♂, Saon, Drôme, 7.ix.1945, E. Roman ( MNHN); 2 ♀, same locality, 26.vii.1946, E. Roman ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Dardilly, Rhône, 14.ix.1952, E. Roman ( MNHN); 1 ♂, Rochefort, Drôme, 31.viii.1923, coll. Hesse ( MNHN). GERMANY: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Bavaria, Lenggries, 17–23.viii.2013, RW (RW). GREECE: 1 ♂, Platamon, 5–7.ix.1965, B. Cogan ( BMNH); 1 ♀, Crete, Agia Pelagia, 16.x.1994, P. Gatt (PG); 1 ♂, Central Macedonia, Lake Kerkini, 800 m, 18.vi.2010, coll. P. Gatt (PG). HUNGARY: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Budapest, Ócsa, 23.vii.2000, RW (RW); 1 ♀, Aranyosgadány, 6.viii.2013, RW (RW). ITALY: Aosta Valley: 16 ♀, Champlon-dessus, Aoste, 1000 m, 3.viii.1995, LM ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Champlondessus, Aoste, 950–1000 m, 9.ix.1997, LM ( MNHN); 1 ♀, Castrel, Aoste, 790–800 m, 31.viii.1996, LM ( MNHN); 2 ♂, Champlon-dessus, Aoste, 1000 m, 26.vii.1995, LM ( MNHN). Campania: 1 ♀, Naples, O. Costa ( MNHN). Lombardy: 1 ♀, Como, Peglio, 16.viii.2013, Marcello Consolo (RW). Sardinia: 1 ♂, Desulo, 1000 m, 14.ix.1964, K.M. Guichard ( BMNH). Sicily: 1 ♂, Catania, Etna, Piano Provenzano, 1800 m, Pine and grassland, 9.vi.1999, P. Gatt (PG); 1 ♂, 1700 m, Nébrodi / Mt. Soro, 7.vi.1999, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♀, 1800 m, Piano Provenzana Etna, 9.vi.1999, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG). Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol: 1 ♂, Bolzano, Nr. Brenner, 25.viii.1967, B.H. & M.C. Cogan, B.M. 1969–270 ( BMNH). Tuscany: 1 ♂, Rocca Strada, Mulino San Giugnano, ix.2002, P. Gatt (PG). Veneto: 1 ♀, Bertolaz, 800 m, 30.vii.1995, LM ( MNHN). IRELAND: 1 ♂, Slieve League, 6.viii.2013, J. Wind (RW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Slieve League Cliff, Donegal, 6.viii.2013, J. Wind & M. Geluk (RW). LEBANON: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Horsh Ehden NNR, Mixed Forest, 1500 m, 14–15.ix.2000, P. Gatt (PG). LITHUANIA: 5 ♂, 3 ♀, Kowno [= Kaunas], Georgenburg, 5.ix.1904, P. Winogradoff ( ZIN). MONTENEGRO: 2 ♀, Montenegro occ., Radoviči, Plavi Horiz., Biagovo, macchia, 10–40 m, 20L/82, 17.x.1982, Lauterer ( MHNG); 1 ♀, Montenegro occ., Lovčen, W slopes, 200–350 m, 18L/82, 16.x.1982, Lauterer ( MHNG); 2 ♀, Montenegro occ., Djuraševiči, 20–100 m, 22L/ 82, 22.x.1982, Lauterer ( MHNG). NETHERLANDS: 1 ♀, Gelderland, Planken Wambuis, Dennenkamp, 7.vi.2012, J. Wind & M. Geluk (RW); 1 ♀, Gelderland, Edense Heide, 16.viii.2006, J. Wind & M. Geluk (RW); 1 ♀, Groningen, Usquert, 23.ix.2011, R. van de Hout (RW); 1 ♀, Zeeland, Haamstede, Vroongronden, RD 40–416, 16.viii.2006, A.M. Baaijens (RW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zeeland, Nieuw-Haamstede (ZE), RD 38–415, 23.vii.2011, W. Van Steenis (RW); 2 ♀, Zeeland, Nieuw-Haamstede (ZE), Verklikker vallei, RD 39.8–416.6, 25.vii.2011, W. Van Steenis (RW); 1 ♂, Zeeland, Grevelingen, Stampersplaat, 20.viii.2006, C. De Kraker (RW); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Zeeland, Grevelingen, Veermansplaat, 10.viii.2006, C. De Kraker (RW); 1 ♂, Zeeland, Nieuw-Haamstede, Verklikkerduin, 23.vii.2011, W. Van Steenis (RW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zuid Holland, Schiedam, Pr. Beatrixpark, 13.vi.2000, RW (RW); 1 ♂, Zuid Holland, Hoek van Holland, Staalduinse Bos, 19.vi.2001, RW (RW). POLAND: 1 ♀, Byala Gura near railway station Tunel', 40 km N of Кrakow, 28.vii.1989, Tanasiychuk ( ZIN); 1 ♀, Oytsuvskiy National Park, env. Krakow, 30.vii.1989, Tanasiychuk ( ZIN); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Skshinya, 36 km SSW of Starogard Gdański, 13.viii.1989, Tanasiychuk ( ZIN); 1 ♀, Slivitse, Tukhol’skie bory, 60 km N of Bydgosch, 28.viii.1988, Tanasiychuk ( ZIN). PORTUGAL: 4 ♂, Campo, Valongo, 27.viii., 26.ix., 1.x, 4.x.2011, leg. R. Andrade; 1 ♀, Lousã, Coimbra, 20.viii.2011, leg. R. Andrade; 1 ♀, Canelas, Estarreja, 14.ix.2011, leg. R. Andrade ( RBINS). RUSSIA: Leningrad: 1 ♂, railway station Preobrazhenskaya [= Tolmachevo], 11.vii.1898, Chekini ( ZIN); 1 ♀, same locality, 12.viii.1898, Chekini ( ZIN); 1 ♂, Sestroretsk, 22.vii.1915, Ion ( ZIN); 6 ♂, 4 ♀, Tolmachevo, 7.viii.1935, Rohdendorf ( ZIN); 1 ♂, shore of Luga River, 17.viii.1938, Chernovskiy ( ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tolmachevo, Luzhskiy distr., 6.ix.1958, Narchuk ( ZIN); Bol’shoy Berezovy Island, Vyborgskiy distr., leg. Kandybina: 1 ♂, 26.vii.1979; 1 ♀, 6.viii.1979; 1 ♂, 20.viii.1979; 3 ♀, 23.viii.1979; 1 ♀, 24.viii.1979; 1 ♀, 26.viii.1979; 1 ♀, 27.viii.1979; 1 ♂, 7.ix.1979; 1 ♀, 13.ix.1979; 2 ♀, 15.ix.1979; 1 ♀, 7.viii.1981 ( ZIN). Moscow: 4 ♂, 5 ♀, env. Pushkino, Vevedenskoe [~ 56º01'00''N 37º51'00''E], forest, 3.viii.1968, V. Kovalev ( ZMMU). Pskov: 1 ♀, Cherekha, 30.vii.1897, Е. Ispolatov ( ZIN); 1 ♀, Izborsk, 18.vii.1898, Ispolatov ( ZIN). SPAIN: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Mallorca, Bimatzar ( Palau, Palma), 2.ix.1956, MB ( RBINS); 1 ♂, Mallorca, Barrqtta 31.vii.1957, MB ( RBINS); 1 ♀, Jaen, Sierra de Cazorla, nr. Nava del Espino, c. 4800 ft., 1.ix.1962, R.T. Thompson, M.J.D. Brendell, B.M. ( BMNH); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Sierra de Guadarrama, swept around stream near Gudillos, c. 1400 m, 18.viii.1963, A.C. Pont ( BMNH); 1 ♂, Caval Nunat (Lapiaz), Mallorca, 23.ix.1969, LM ( MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Gorg blan Escocia, Mallorca, 400 m, 21.ix.1969 ( MNHN); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Huesca, Aragon, 21.viii.1934 ( MNHN). SWEDEN: 1 ♀, Gàrdeby, 10 km S Norrköping, 5.vii.2002, I. Grichanov ( ZIN); 1 ♀, Värmlands län, Brattfors, Kitteelfältet, 8.viii.2012, RW (RW). SWITZERLAND: Geneva: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 405 m, Russin, Les Baillets, 488350/118460, 30.vi.2001, B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 405 m, same locality, 1.vii.2002, leg. Merz & Herrmann ( MHNG); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 350 m, Cartigny / Moulin de Vert, 490700/115500, 9.vii.2001, B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 420 m, Bernex, Bois des Mouilles, 19.viii.2006, B. Merz ( MHNG). Graubünden: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 980 m, Andeer (H. Rhein), 29.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 4 ♂, 2 ♀, 350 m, Grono (Dorf), 31.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 330 m, Grono (Moesa), 31.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG). Schaffhausen: 1 ♀, 830 m, Merishausen, Bargemer Randen, 31.viii.1998, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG). Ticino: 2 ♂, 600–1100 m, Monte San Giorgio, 717180/085700, 5.vii.2001, B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♀, Alpe di Pazz, 780 m, 708900/97900, 1 –7.viii.2003, leg. P. Schmitz ( MHNG). Valais: 1 ♂, 600 m, Leuk/ Pfynwald, 614870/128720, 2.vii.2001, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♂, 600 m, same locality, 614100/290070, 25.viii.2001, leg. Merz & Landry ( MHNG). Zürich: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 500 m, Sihlwald, 22.viii.1998, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 1 ♀, 500 m, Zürich-Waldgarten, 16.viii.1998, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 2 ♀, 515 m, Illnau-Wildert, 22.vii.1998, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG); 2 ♂, 600 m, Zürich-Z'berg, 13.viii, 16.viii.1992, leg. B. Merz ( MHNG). TURKEY: 1 ♂, Bolu, 3000', Dorukhan gedidi, P.S. Cranston ( BMNH); 1 ♂, Antalya, near Ihsaniye (37.001421ºN 30.821684ºE), 2.x.2007, coll. A.L. Ozerov ( ZMMU); 1 ♂, Bolu prov., Kartalkaya env. (40.642ºN 31.763ºE), 1480 m, 16–18.vi.2010, N. Vikhrev ( ZMMU); 1 ♀, Antalya Prov., Side (= Selimye), 0 m, 2.v.2000, leg. Merz & Senay ( MHNG); 1 ♀, Antalya Prov., Cavusköy (Andrasan), 50 m, 26.iv.2000, leg. Merz & Senay ( MHNG). UKRAINE. Lvov: 1 ♂, Rostochie Nature Reserve, Ivano-Frankovo, Yavorskiy distr., 22–28.viii.1987, Tanasiychuk ( ZIN). Zakarpattia: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Svalyava [48º32'50''N 22º59'10''E], beech and spruce forest, 6.vii.1972, V. Kovalev ( ZMMU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, env. Uzhgorod [~ 48º37'26''N 22º17'42''E], 20.viii.1979, Korneev ( ZMMU).

Recognition. Mesonotum entirely finely brownish pollinose; usually at least scutellars pale (except specimens from the Mediterranean); fore tibia and metatarsus clothed in short setae, longest posteroventral setae on tibia at most slightly longer than its width; hind metatarsus only with short fine setae ventrally. Male: terminalia very large, globose, broader than abdomen. Full description: Lundbeck (1910: 15), Collin (1961: 238), Chvála (1983: 95).

Remarks. The holotype of H. culiciformis was lost ( Zimsen 1964). It is generally accepted that this species was correctly recognised, although, for quite a long period H. culiciformis was confused with H. grossipes . For details of the synonymy we refer to Lundbeck (1910), who distinguished correctly H. culiciformis from H. grossipes for the fisrt time, and to Collin (1961).

Collin (1961) noted that H. culiciformis varies considerably in colour of its wings, legs, and in size. Specimens of H. culiciformis taken from the Mediterranean and North Africa (in our study from Algeria, Cyprus, Greece (Crete), Italy (Sicily), Lebanon, Turkey (Antalya)) differ from the “typical” form of this species primarily by entirely black setation of the thorax. Normally at least the apical scutellar bristles are pale. In combination with several other features (smaller size, shorter and finer setation of legs; usually less numerous prominent bristles on fore and mid tibiae) it could lead to the conclusion that several new undescribed species are present in the Mediterranean Region as suggested also by slight differences in the male terminalia (e.g, form of hypandrium).

We examined mixed populations of H. culiciformis in Portugal with long yellow setae on the scutum of which the genitalia were identical to those of central and northern European populations ( Figs 7 , 12 and 17 ) and specimens with black long setae on the scutum that correspond to slightly different genitalia ( Figs 8 , 13 and 18 ). The hypandrium is the most obvious and reliable genitalic component for comparison, because it is a flat structure drawn in a horizontal plane, requiring little manipulation ( Figs 17, 18 ). COI barcoding of specimens with yellow and black bristles on the scutum and slight differences in male genitalia did not show significant differences in these mixed Portuguese populations ( Fig. 60 and Nagy et al. 2013).

Although the populations in Sicily, Greece and Lebanon had more “distinct” variations in male genitalia such as the conical-shaped right epandrial lamella in Sicily ( Fig. 9 ) and Greek populations ( Fig. 10 ) and is rounded in the Lebanon specimen ( Fig. 11 ), we did find any reliable external characters to distinguish the “species” from these countries. This lack of conflicting evidence and the mixed populations in Portugal where the barcodes are identical refrains us from assigning the Mediterranean species to new species unless barcodes would give more evidence.

Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Turkey, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy (incl. Sicily), Lebanon, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Poland, Russia (Karelia, Kursk, Leningrad, Moscow, Pskov, Ryazan', Tatarstan, Voronezh), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Ukraine (Lvov, Zakarpattia).

The distribution of H. culiciformis is restricted to Europe and the Mediterranean (including North Africa and adjacent territory of Turkey), although this species is absent from the Caucasus ( Fig. 22 ). In the east, H. culiciformis does not penetrate beyond the Urals, in the north it can be found as far as 60–65°N. We record H. culiciformis for the first time from Algeria, Byelorussia, Croatia, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Portugal.

Figures

FIGURE 22. Distribution map of Hybos culiciformis.

FIGURES 4 – 6. Hybos culiciformis, male. 4. epandrium and cerci, dorsal view (Vallée du Rabais, Belgium); 5. phallus (Vallée du Rabais, Belgium); 6. phallus (a specimen with black bristles on scutum, Campo, Portugal). Abbreviations: c—cercus, lel—left epandrial lamella, ls—left surstylus, rel—right epandrial lamella, rs—right surstylus, s—spinules. Scale bar— 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 7 – 11. Hybos culiciformis, male, right epandrial lamella, dorsal view. 7. Vallée du Rabais, Belgium (yellow setae on scutum); 8. Campo, Portugal (a specimen with black setae on scutum); 9. Sicily (black setae on scutum); 10. Greece (black setae on scutum); 11. Lebanon (black setae on scutum). Abbreviations: rs—right surstylus. Scale bar— 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 12 – 16. Hybos culiciformis, male, left epandrial lamella, dorsal view. 12. Vallée du Rabais, Belgium; 13. Campo, Portugal (a specimen with black setae on scutum); 14. Sicily (black setae on scutum); 15. Greece (black setae on scutum); 16. Lebanon (black setae on scutum). Abbreviations: ls—right surstylus. Scale bar— 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 17 – 21. Hybos culiciformis, male, hypandrium, ventral view. 17. Vallée du Rabais, Belgium; 18. Campo, Portugal (a specimen with black setae on scutum); 19. Sicily (black setae on scutum); 20. Greece (black setae on scutum); 21. Lebanon (black setae on scutum). Scale bar— 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 23 – 26. Hybos, male, habitus. 23. H. andradei sp. nov. (produced by R. Andrade, Chafé, Viana do Castelo, Portugal, 28. viii. 2010); 24. H. culiciformis with yellow bristles on scutum (produced by R. Andrade, Gilmonde, Barcelos, Portugal, 4. ix. 2014); 25. H. culiciformis with black bristles on scutum (produced by R. Andrade, Campo, Valongo, Portugal, 26. ix. 2011); 26. H. vagans (Krasnodarsky Kray, Russia).

FIGURES 48 – 54. Hybos, female terminalia. 48, 49. H. andradei sp. nov.: 48. ventral view, 49. lateral view; 50. H. culiciformis, ventral view; 51, 52. H. femoratus: 51. lateral view, 52. posterior view; 53, 54. H. grossipes: 53. lateral view, 54. ventral view. Abbreviations: c—cercus, fr—furca, T 8, T 10 — tergites 8 and 10, S 8, S 10 — sternites 8 and 10, respectively. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.