Yunohamella lyrica ( Walckenaer, 1841 )

Suzuki, Yuya, Lee, Jun-Gi & Kumada, Ken-Ichi, 2025, Taxonomic notes on a comb-footed spider, Yunohamella mneon (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906), stat. rev. (Araneae: Theridiidae) in East Asia, Zootaxa 5691 (2), pp. 359-375 : 367-370

Yunohamella lyrica ( Walckenaer, 1841)

[Japanese name: Shimofuri-himegumo; Korean name: Seo-ri-kko-ma-geo-mi]

Figs 1D, E, I ; 2D–F ; 3D–F ; 4D–F, I, J

Theridion lyricum Walckenaer, 1841: 288–289 .

[See the World Spider Catalog (2025) and Table S2 for the complete taxonomic list].

Type-material: Theridion lyricum : female holotype from Georgia, USA; not examined .

Material examined. JAPAN, Hokkaido: 2♀, Koetoi-jinjya, Koetoimura-koetoi, Wakkanai-shi, 11.VII.1990, K. Kumada leg. (NSMT-Ar 18130) ; 1♀, Okikineushi, Biei-cho , Kamikawa-gun , 10.IX.2016, Y. Suzuki leg. ( TKPM-AR 3198 ) . Miyagi Pref.: 1♂, 1♀, Uwahara, Hanayama-mura, Kurihara-gun, 04.VII.1997, K. Kumada leg. (NSMT-Ar 3766) ; 3♀, Ushibuchikoen, Ichihazama-cho , Kurihara-gun , 29.VI.1997, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 3767 ) ; 1♀, Izunuma , 06.VII.1986, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3266 ); 1♀, same locality as previous , 20.VII.1986, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3267 ); 1♀, same locality as previous, 07.VI.1987, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3268 ) . Fukushima Pref.: 1♀, Shirakawanoseki, Hatajuku, Shirakawa-shi , 24.VI.1990, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 18575 ) . Ibaraki Pref.: 1♀, Oda, Tsukuba-shi , 27.V.2017, Y. Suzuki leg. ( YS. per. coll.) . Tokyo: 1♂, Mitsuzawa, Hinode-machi, Nishitama-gun , 26.V.1990, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 2185 ) ; 2♀, Mt. Takao-san, Hachioji-shi , 28.V.1994, M. Ban leg. ( NSMT-Ar 10566 ) ; 1♀, Okutama-cho , 22.VII.2007, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3269 ). Kanagawa Pref.: 1♀, Shinsei-ko Lake, Hadano-shi , 07.VIII.1983, S. Matsumoto leg. ( NSMT-Ar 2101 ); 1♀, Fudojiri, Atsugi-shi , 21.VI.1997, M. Ban leg. ( NSMT-Ar 10910 ) ; 2♂, 1♀, Mikarube-rindo, Mikarube, Hadano-shi , 06.VI.1993, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 15023 ) ; 1♀, 1 juvenile, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi , 19.IX.1998, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3270 ); 1♂, Kuzuha-ryokuchi, Hadano-shi , 12.VI.1996, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3271 ) ; 1♀, Fudakake-morino-ie, Susugaya, Kiyokawa-mura, Aiko-gun , 09.VI.1991, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3272 ) . Yamanashi Pref.: 1♂, Ogiyama, Otsuki-shi , 05.VI.1999, M. Ban leg. ( NSMT-Ar 11173 ) ; 1♀, Fujikawa-cho (previously “ Masuho-cho ”), Minamikoma-gun , 24–26.VII.2004, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3273 ). Shizuoka Pref.: 1♂, Ichiyama, Amagiyugashima-cho, Tagata-gun , 02.VI.1984, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 17803 ) . Nagano Pref.: 1♂, Mitsumata, Horikane-mura, Minamiazumi-gun , 11.VII.1984, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 8536 ); 1♂, Yatsugatake-kogen , 18.VI.1994, M. Ban & H. Ikeda, leg. ( NSMT-Ar 10728 ) ; 8♀, Susado, Karasugawa, Horikane-mura , Minamiazumi-gun , 20.VI.1976, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 15754 ) ; 1♂, 14♀, Karasugawa Susado, Horikane-mura, Minamiazumi-gun , 30.VII.1977, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 15755 ); 1♀, Megami-ko Lake, Tateshina-machi, Kitasaku-gun , 18.VII.2009, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3274 ); 1♀, Yumenodaira, Ashida-hakkano, Tateshina-machi , Kitasaku-gun , 20.VII.2009, A.Tanikawa leg.( TKPM-AR3275 ); 1♀, Sugadaira-kogen, Ueda-shi , 27.VII.1980, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3276 ); 1♀, same locality as previous, 24.VII.1988, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3277 ). Fukui Pref.: 2♀, Karikomiike, Kamiuchinami, Oono-shi , 18.VII.2002, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 15154 ); Mie Pref.: 1♀, Ise Jingu, 81 rinpan, Ujitachi-cho , collected in 2003, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 13759 ); 1♂, 1♀, Nonoboriyama, Asakayama-cho , Kameyama-shi , 15.VII.1997, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 17649 ); 1♂, Kiwacho-Kogurusu, Kumano-shi , 26.V.1996. T. Shiozaki leg. ( TKPM-AR 3206 ); 1♀, same data as previous. ( TKPM-AR 3207 ); 1♂, same locality as previous, 22. V.1997, T. Shiozaki leg. ( TKPM-AR 3208 ); 1♀, same data as previous ( TKPM-AR 3209 ), 1♀, same data as previous ( TKPM-AR 3210 ); 1♀, Osugi, Odai-cho, Taki-gun , 06.VII.2002, T. Shiozaki leg. ( TKPM-AR 3211 ); 1♀, Misugicho-Tarou, Tsu-shi , 08.VII.2002, T. Shiozaki leg. ( TKPM-AR 3212 ); 1♂, Mt. Obora-yama, Misugicho-Yachi, Tsu-shi , 14.VI.2009, K. Kaihotsu leg. ( TKPM-AR 3213 ) ; 1♀, Niu, Taki-cho, Taki-gun , 20. VI.2021, K. Kaihotsu leg. ( TKPM-AR 3214 ) . Shiga Pref.: 1♂, 2♀, Yamakado-shicchi, Nishiazaichoyamakado, Nagahama-shi , 25.V.2019, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 18850 ) . Nara Pref.: 1♂, Oono, Tsuchiyahara, Mitsue-mura , Uda-gun , 10.VI.2002, K. Kumada leg. ( NSMT-Ar 19504 ) . Wakayama Pref.: 1♂, Myouhouzan, Minamihirano, Nachikatsuura-cho , Higashimuro-gun , 11.VII.1990, Y. Chikuni leg. ( NSMT-Ar 15756 ). Tokushima Pref.: 1♀, Mizunokuchi-Toge Pass, Oiya, Nishiiyayama-son , Miyoshi-shi , 23.VI.2017, H. Bando leg. ( TKPM-AR 3199 ) ; 3 juveniles, Hinomaruyama-Rindo, Oiya, Nishiiyayama-son , Miyoshi-shi , 30.IX.2018, H. Bando leg. ( TKPM-AR 3200 ). Fukuoka Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Tachibana-yama, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi , 23.VIII.1991, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3278 ). Oita Pref.: 1♂, Sanko-usugi, Nakatsu-shi , 02.VI.2021, A. Nakamura leg. ( TKPM-AR 3418 ) . Yakushima Island ( Kagoshima Pref.): 1♂, Shiratani-sen, Yakushima-cho , Kumage-gun , 25.V.2024, A. Tanikawa leg. ( TKPM-AR 3279 ) . REPUBLIC OF KOREA, Gangwon: 1♀, Guryongsa Course, Mt. Chiaksan, Socho-myeon , Wonju-si ( 35°09’40’’N, 128°17’41’’E), 24.VI.2024, J.G. Lee leg. ( KNU) ; 1 juvenile, Hangye-ri, Buk-myeon, Injegun ( 38°08’47’’N, 128°15’48’’E), 19.VI–24.VII-2022, Park & Nam leg., Malaise trap. ( KNU) . Gyeonggi-do: 1 juvenile, Tonggu-ri, Baekhak-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun ( 38°01’43”N, 126°55’17”E), 15.IV–03.V.2019, J.G. Lee leg., malaise trap ( KNU) . Gyeongsangbuk-do: 1♀, Gakhwasa Temple, Mt. Gakhwasan, Chunyang-myeon , Bonghwagun ( 36°59’26’’N, 128°54’34’’E), 08.VII.2019, J.G. Lee leg. ( KNU) .

Diagnosis. Males of Y. lyrica can be distinguished from congeners by the twisted, flame-like, distally sharper tip of conductor ( Fig. 2D–F ) (vs in other Yunohamella species, tip of conductor is blunt or truncated, bifurcated or quadrifurcated) (blunt or truncated: e.g., Marusik & Tsellarius 1986, fig. 2; Esyunin & Efimik 1996, figs 1, 2; Yoshida 2003, fig. 238; Yoshida 2012, fig. 7; Zhong et al. 2025, fig. 4C); (bifurcated: e.g., Gao & Li 2014, figs 107–109; Zhong et al. 2025, figs 2C, 5C); (quadrifurcated: e.g., Yoshida 2003, fig. 235). Females of Y. lyrica closely resemble those of Y. mneon stat. rev. in the shape of the epigyne, as both have a pair of semicircular sclerotized epigynal processes and a broad atrium, but can be distinguished by the uniformly reddish-brown carapace; legs with dark brown annulations on both the terminal and middle regions of each segment; a dark reddish-brown abdomen bearing a diamond-shaped whitish marking with pink spots; a pair of large blackish markings on the anterior side of the abdomen; and copulatory ducts that are relatively short compared to the width of the spermathecae and less convoluted ( Figs 1E , 3D–F , 4 , I, J).

Description. See Yoshida (1987, 2001, 2003) for details.

Distribution. China, Korea (All provinces), Japan ( Hokkaido to Kyushu and Yakushima Island), and North America ( World Spider Catalog 2025).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–C, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev.: A, female dorsal habitus, ventral views of abdomen and epigyne from the original description by Bösenberg & Strand (1906), image was downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https:// www.biodiversitylibrary.org); B, male dorsal habitus (TKPM-AR 3194); C, female dorsal habitus (TKPM-AR 3195). D–E, Yunohamella lyrica: D, male dorsal habitus (TKPM-AR 3208); E, female dorsal habitus (TKPM-AR 3198). F–H, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev. and I, Y. lyrica, dorsal habitus of various live specimens: F, male; H, female; G, I, female with egg sacs. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–E).

FIGURE 2. A–C, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev., male left palp (TKPM-AR 3194): A, retrolateral view; B, ventral view; C, prolateral view. D–F, Yunohamella lyrica, male left palp (TKPM-AR 3208): D, retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, prolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TTA, theridiid tegular apophysis. Arrows indicate the pointed tip of the conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. A–C, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev., female genitalia (TKPM-AR 3195): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, internal genitalia, dorsal view; C, same, anterior-dorsal view. D–F, Yunohamella lyrica, female genitalia (TKPM-AR 3198): D, epigyne, ventral view; E, internal genitalia, dorsal view; F, same, anterior-dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; EP, epigynal process; FD, fertilization duct; S, spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4. A–C, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev., male left palp (TKPM-AR 3194): A, retrolateral view; B, ventral view; C, prolateral view. D–F, Yunohamella lyrica, male left palp (TKPM-AR 3208): D, retrolateral view; E, ventral view; F, prolateral view. G, H, Yunohamella mneon stat. rev., female genitalia (TKPM-AR 3195): G, ventral view, H, dorsal view. I, J, Yunohamella lyrica, female genitalia (TKPM-AR 3198): I, ventral view; J, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CDL, length of copulatory duct; E, embolus; EP, epigynal process; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; S, spermathecae; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum; SW, width of spermatheca; T, tegulum; TTA, theridiid tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.