Banyallarga (Histricoverpa), Prather Table Of Contents, 2004

Prather Table Of Contents, Aysha L., 2004, Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Banyallarga (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Zootaxa 435 (1), pp. 1-76 : 22-23

Histricoverpa , new subgenus

Figs. 16–36

Type species: Ganonema molliculum McLachlan 1871 .

This subgenus includes two species originally described in Murielia Hogue and Denning 1983 (in Denning et al. 1983). The genus was largely established to accommodate these two species, (described in the same paper), but the authors chose to select Phylloicus farri Flint (1968) as the type species for their new genus, based on what they believed to be synapomorphies. However, Flint et al. (1999b) recognized that the type species of Murielia is a true species of Phylloicus and therefore synonymized Murielia with Phylloicus . He transferred the two new species of Murielia described in Denning et al (1983) to Banyallarga . However, the new species described in Murielia , Banyallarga acutiterga and B. fortuna , along with a Venezuelan species, B. mollicula , and several new species from Central America and northwestern South America do form a distinct clade within Banyallarga ( Fig. 37 ), whose distinctiveness was first recognized by Hogue and Denning. This clade is here described as a new subgenus of Banyallarga .

Histricoverpa is distinguished from its sister subgenus by several characters. A pointed mesal process is present on the anterior margin of sternum VII ( Fig. 16 ), in some species also on sternum VI. The abdominal terga lack anteromesal notches. In males of several species ( B. acutiterga , echinata , fortuna , nica , quincemil , and sylvana ; the single male specimens of mexicana and sanchezi have lost segment IV) the lateral margin of sternum IV is deeply excavated ( Fig. 16 ); possibly this is related to the function of an abdominal glandular structure. In B. acutiterga ¸ echinata , fortuna , nica , quincemil , sylvana , and tapanti , the posterolateral margin of segment IX is broadly produced as a rounded lobe (Fig. 17A). Generally, the preanal appendages are much longer than tergum X, except in B. mollicula , and are somewhat flexible distally. The name refers to the thornlike setae on the phallic endothecal membrane (Figs. 17D, 21D), which are unique to the species in this subgenus. The endotheca was fully everted in only a few specimens, so I am unable to assess whether the arrangement of the thornlike setae is species­specific. In the female, the posterior end of the spermatheca is sclerotized as a sphere, with a posterior invagination where the spermathecal duct enters ( Fig. 20A ).

Male. In some species, sternum IV lateral margin deeply excavated ( Fig. 16 ). Tergum IX very short mesally; anterolateral margin of segment IX with broad rounded anterior process (Fig. 17A). Preanal appendages usually much longer than tergum X, narrow, several times longer than wide. Phallic endotheca bearing numerous thornlike setae or spines (Figs. 17D, 21D).

Female. Tergum IX with anterior marginal ridge entire, mesal ridge sometimes present. Sternum IX with anterior and posterior pair of striate lobes lateral to vaginal opening. Tergum X bearing paired posterolateral appendages, varying in shape, not extending 1/2 length beyond posterior margin of tergum; posteromesal portion of tergite membranous or semisclerotized. Sternum X mostly membranous except for bases of dorsal appendages; semisclerotized patches and short fine setae may be present lateral to anal opening. Vaginal apparatus complex ( Figs. 18A , 20A ); posterior end of spermatheca sclerotized as a sphere, with posterior invagination where spermathecal duct enters ( Figs. 20A , 22A ).

Etymology. From histricis, Latin, meaning "porcupine", and verpa, Latin, meaning "penis," for the phallus of these species, the endotheca of which is covered with thornlike setae that resemble the quills of a porcupine.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) acutiterga. Male (UMSP00000051): abdominal segments IV–X, lateral view. FIGURE 17. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) acutiterga. Male (A, D, E, holotype; B, C, UMSP000000056): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view; E—phallotremal sclerites, dorsal view.

FIGURE 18. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) acutiterga. Female (UMSP000000051): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 19. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) echinata. Male (UMSP000218882): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 20. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) echinata. Female (BIOLAT/TRIC000000113): A— sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 21. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) fortuna. Male (A–C, UMSP000032411; D, UMSP000065232): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D— phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 22. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) fortuna. Female (UMSP000218872): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 23. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) mexicana. Male (holotype): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 24. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) mexicana. Female (UMSP000065235): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 25. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) molliculum. Male (A, D, holotype; B, C, UMSP000218879): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D— phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 26. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) molliculum. Female (UMSP000218879): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 27. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) nica. Male (UMSP000063353): A—lateral view; B— dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view; E—phallus, caudoventral view.

FIGURE 28. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) nica. Female (UMSP000063353): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 29. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) quincemil. Male (UMSP000065237): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 30. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) quincemil. Female (UMSP000065238): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 31. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) sanchezi. Male (holotype): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 32. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) sanchezi. Wings (holotype): A—forewing; B—hindwing.

FIGURE 34. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) sylvana. Female (UMSP000063348): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 35. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) tapanti. Male (holotype): A—lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—inferior appendage, ventral view; D—phallus, lateral view; E1, apex of phallus, ventral; E2, phallotremal sclerite, dorsal.

FIGURE 36. Banyallarga (Histricoverpa) tapanti. Female (UMSP000000073): A—sterna IX, X and vaginal apparatus, ventral view; B—terga IX and X, dorsal view; C—sternum VIII, ventral view.

FIGURE 37. Relationships of calamoceratid genera (from Prather 2002).