Epirhyssa

Gómez, Isrrael C., Sääksjärvi, Ilari E., Puhakka, Liisa, Castillo, Carol & Bordera, Santiago, 2015, The Peruvian Amazonian species of Epirhyssa Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae), with notes on tropical species richness, Zootaxa 3937 (2), pp. 311-336 : 313-314

Key to the Peruvian species of Epirhyssa

The following key works best for females. For this reason, the identification of male specimens should always be confirmed by comparing them with female specimens and descriptions. The females of the Peruvian species E. eucnemis Porter and E. melampyge Porter are unknown and we have not included them in the key. However, both of these species may be identified using the diagnoses provided below.

1. Apex of fore wing with blackband or mark or at least weakly infumate........................................... 2

- Apex of fore wing yellowish, pale brownish or more or less hyaline, without blackish band or mark; fore wing sometimes with a long infumate band along costal area................................................................... 15

2. Fore wing with two black bands......................................................................... 3

- Fore wing without a median black cross band............................................................... 4

3. Apex of hind wing yellow ( Fig. 1 A); facial orbits blackish ( Fig. 2 A); base of hind coxa black ( Fig. 3 A).................................................................................................... E. cochabambae Porter

- Apex of hind wing black ( Fig. 1 B); facial orbits generally whitish ( Fig. 2 B); base of hind coxa orange ( Fig. 3 B).............................................................................................. E. braconoides Porter

4. Tergite I very long and strongly elongate, more than four times as long as posteriorly broad.......................... 5

- Tergite I from subquadrate to elongate, always less than four times as long as posteriorly broad....................... 6

5. Metasoma blackish with a slight bluish-purple reflection ( Fig. 3 C); tergite I with strong protuberances at base of spiracles......................................................................... E. iiapensis Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Metasoma fulvous ( Fig. 3 D); tergite I without strong protuberances at base of spiracles................ E. pertenuis Porter

6. Body almost entirely fulvous, at most with some yellow marks ( Fig. 3 F).......................................... 7

- Body not entirely fulvous, normally yellow or fulvous with diverse black areas and marks ( Figs 4 A, 4B)................8

7. Tergite I about 1.5–2.3 times as long as posteriorly broad ( Fig. 7 A); clypeus with a small apical tubercle.......................................................................................... E. lutea Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Tergite I about 2.5–3.0 times as long as posteriorly broad ( Fig. 7 B); clypeus with very strong preapical tubercle ( Fig. 2 C).......................................................................................... E. zaphyma Porter.

8. Mesosoma totally or almost totally black ( Fig. 6 C)...........................................................9

- Mesosoma yellow or brown with blackmarks ( Figs 4 B, 4F)......................................…..…….………10

9. Tergite II with longitudinal wrinkling ( Fig. 7 F); occipital carina present; mid coxa black.... E. nigrithorax Graf & Kumagai

- Tergite II smooth; occipital carina absent; mid coxa yellow ( Fig. 4 A)............ E. electronigra Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

10. Antenna totally black or dark brown ( Fig. 4 B)............................... E. cuscoensis Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Antenna with a white or yellow basal and / or central annulus.................................................. 11

11. Apical margin of clypeus strongly concave, with no apical tubercle centrally ( Fig. 2 D)............. E. amazonica Mocsáry

- Margin of clypeus rather straight or only slightly concave, with an apical tubercle or strong swelling centrally........... 12

12. Occipital carina joining the hypostomal carina ( Fig. 6 D); body mainly orange-yellow with diverse black marks.......... 13

- Occipital carina absent ventrally not joining the hypostomal carina; body mainly yellow with diverse black marks........ 14

13. Fore wing with strong blackish patch at apex ( Fig. 4 C); normally large species, with fore wing length about 12 to 16 mm .......................................................................................... E. diatropis Porter

- Fore wing with very weakly infumate area at apex, almost not visible ( Fig. 4 F); medium-sized species, with fore wing length about 10 to 11 mm ....................................................................... E. prolasia Porter

14. Clypeus with a strong median tubercle ( Fig. 2 F); tergite II about 1.0 times as long as posteriorly broad; apex of fore wing weakly infumate ( Fig. 4 D)................................................................... E. wisei Porter

- Clypeus with a small median tubercle ( Fig. 2 G); tergite II about 1.3 times as long as posteriorly broad; apex of fore wing with strong blackish mark ( Fig. 4 E).............................................................. E. ishtmia Porter

15. Fore wing uniformly yellow or pale brown............................................................... 16

- Fore wing yellow or hyaline with darker band along costal area................................................ 18

16. Tergite I stout and subquadrate, about 1.2–1.3 times as long as posteriorly broad ( Fig. 7 C); occipital carina strong but ventrally reduced, not joining hypostomal carina, propodeum very short]................... E. simpirae Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Tergite I more than 2.0 times as long as posteriorly broad..................................................... 17

17. Metasoma yellow ( Fig. 5 A); lower part of gena and tergite I polished without wrinkling.................................................................................................... E. ignisalata Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Metasoma black brownish; lower part of gena and tergite I with wrinkling............................. E. lygra Porter

18. Occipital carina joining hypostomal carina ( Fig. 6 E).............................. E. fusca Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Occipital carina not joining hypostomal carina.............................................................. 19

19. Tergite I stout, about 1.5 times as long as posteriorly broad ( Fig. 7 D); mesonotum blackwith diverse yellow marks ( Fig. 6 B)..................................................................... E. lamolinensis Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Tergite I more than 1.8 times as long as posteriorly broad; mesonotum yellow with diverse black marks or almost completely blackish ( Fig. 6 C).................................................................................... 20

20. Body entirely black; mesoscutum with transverse rugae short and rounded ( Fig. 6 F)................................................................................................. E. perufinlandensis Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Body yellow with diverse black marks; mesoscutum with transverse rugae rather long and sharp ( Fig. 6 G)............. 21.

21. Metasoma almost completely orange-yellowish ( Fig. 5 C); tergite I about 1.8–2.0 times as long as posteriorly broad; submeta- pleural carina short, usually present only anteriorly.............................. E. sibinai Gómez & Sääksjärvi sp.n.

- Metasoma mostly dark ( Fig. 5 D); tergite I about 2.0–2.4 times as long as posteriorly broad; submetapleural carina complete..................................................................................... E. peruana Enderlein

Figures

FIGURE 1. Hind wings of Epirhyssa spp.: A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides.

FIGURE 2. Head of Epirhyssa spp.: frontal view: A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides (paratype); C— E. zaphyma; D— E. amazonica; E— E. diatropis; F— E. wisei, (female); G— E. isthmia; H— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype).

FIGURE 3. Habitus of Epirhyssa spp.: (females): A— E. cochabambae; B— E. braconoides; C — E. iiapensis sp. n. (holotype); D— E. pertenuis paratype; E— lutea sp. n. (holotype); F— E. zaphyma.

FIGURE 4. Habitus of Epirhyssa spp.: (females): A— E. electronigra sp. n. (holotype); B— E. cuscoensis sp. n. (holotype); C— E. diatropis (paratype); D— E. wisei; E— E. isthmia; F— E. prolasia.

FIGURE 5. Habitus of Epirhyssa spp.: (A—D females, E—F males): A— E. ignisalata sp. n. (holotype); B— E. fusca sp. n. (holotype); C— E. sibinai sp. n. (holotype); D— E. peruana; E— E. wisei (holotype); F— E. eucnemis (paratype).

FIGURE 6. Head and mesosoma of Epirhyssa spp.: lateral view: A— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); B— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); C— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype). Head, occipital carina in lateral view (arrow): D— E. ignisalata sp. n. (holotype); E— E. fusca sp. n. (holotype). Mesoscutum: F— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); G— E. peruana.

FIGURE 7. First metasomal tergite of Epirhyssa spp.: A— E. lutea sp. n. (holotype); B— E. zaphyma; C— E. simpirae sp. n. (holotype); D— E. lamolinensis sp. n. (holotype); E— E. perufinlandensis sp. n. (holotype); F— E. nigrithorax.