Eucidaris metularia ( Lamarck, 1816 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 12-13

* Eucidaris metularia ( Lamarck, 1816)

Fig. 6 A–C.

Genocidaris metularia: A. Agassiz, 1863: 17 .

Cidaris metularia: A. Agassiz, 1872: 98 , 254, 385. Pl. I, Figs 23–24 , Pl. XXXV, Fig. 3 .

Cidarites (Gymnocidaris) metularia: Bell, 1904: 138 ; Döderlein, 1906: 101.

Eucidaris metularia: H.L. Clark, 1925a: 20 ; H.L. Clark, 1923: 370; H.L. Clark 1925: 20; Mortensen, 1928a: 386. Pl. XLI, Figs 1–8 , Pl. LXXIII, Fig. 6 . Pl. LXXXVI, Figs 11–14 ; Richmond, 1997: 295 –296; Samyn, 2003: 197, Fig. 2 A; Schultz, 2010: 36, Figs 61–63 ; Filander & Griffiths, 2014: 48, 50). Pl. I, Fig. A.

Material examined. MBC-A 022206; MBC-A 022233; SAMC-A28199; SAMC-A28200; SAMC-A28201; SAMC-A28202; SAMC-A28203; SAMC-A23712; SAMC-A28204; SAMC-A28205; SAMC-A28206; SAMC- A28226 ; SAMC-A28227; SAMC-A28228; SAMC-A28237; SAMC-A28238; SAMC-A28239; SAMC-A28240.

Identification. Test with well-defined plate outline, conspicuous apical disc, flat or evenly sunken, naked ocular usually exsert, but in some cases ocular I, IV and V may be insert; apical disc smaller than protruding peristome. Interporiferous zone of ambulacra somewhat naked. Spines short, stout, distally crown-shaped and sometimes tapered, distinctively banded, with longitudinal ridges distally.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 30 mm.

Global distribution. Mozambique, East coast region of South Africa ( Filander & Griffiths 2014), and Red Sea to Fiji, Gilbert and Hawaiian Islands, and from South Japan to north coast of Australia, at 5 – 570 m depth ( Mortensen 1928a; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. Marshall & Hodgons (1991) reported on a specimen collected in Presley Bay housed in the East London Museum, but gives no accession number for it. Seven records have been logged in the Royal Museum of Central Africa database and these form part of the samples collected by Samyn & Thandar (2003).

Mortensen (1928a) highlights variations within the species, which include spines of some specimens being stout and blunt, whereas in other cases spines are fusiform, latter usually a feature of deep-water specimens. Moreover, color variation amongst adults and juveniles may also exist; young specimens being more vividly colored than adults. The number of longitudinal ridges may also vary with age, being greater in adults than in juveniles. However, none of the above variations where observed in specimens analysed by the authors.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 61. Echinocyamus scaber (MBC-A 022886). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of denuded test. D. Side view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 62. Echinodiscus bisperforatus (SAMC-A 22296). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of denuded test. C. Oral view of denuded test. D. Side view of denuded test.

FIGURE 63. Pourtalesia alcocki (SAMC-A 22229). A. Map showing distribution. B. Lateral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen.