Echinocardium cordatum ( Pennant, 1777 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 60-61

Echinocardium cordatum ( Pennant, 1777)

Fig. 69 A–E.

Amphidotus cordatus: Forbes, 1841: 190 –193.

Echinocardium cordatum: A. Agassiz, 1872: 109 ; 349. Pl. XIX, Figs 10–17 . Pl. XX, Figs 5–7 ; Döderlein, 1910: 248; H.L. Clark, 1923 *: 405. Pl. XIII; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 232 –233; Mortensen, 1951: 152 –157. Pl. XVIII, Figs 6 , 7 . (1–3, 8); Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 251 –252; Schultz, 2010: 411 –412, Figs 772–774; Branch et al., 2010: 236, Fig. 106.5. Echinocardium australe . A. Agassiz, 1872 –74: 109; 580. Pl. XXXVII, Fig. 15 ; Bell, 1904: 174.

Material examined. MBC-A077941; MBC-A 022287; MBC-A 022288; MBC-A 022289; MBC-A 022293; MBC- A023309; MBC-A023402; MBC-A027879; MBC-A077955; MBC-A077956; MBC-A077959; MBC-A077963; MBC-A077961; MBC-A077962; MBC-A077958; MBC-A077957; MBC-A077960; MBC-A077954; A27739 ; A6457; MBC-A077965; MBC-A077966; MBC-A077967; MBC-A077968; MBC-A077969; MBC-A077970; MBC-A077971; MBC-A078006; A 22354; A 22355; MBC-A 022287; MBC-A 022288; MBC-A 022289; MBC- A 022293.

Identification. Test moderately high, with deep anterior notch. Apical disc posteriorly positioned. Anterior ambulacrum distinctively sunken, two-series of irregularly arranged, large pores, associated with tube feet; paired petals sunken, wide at internal fasciole, tapering distally. Periproct opening at truncated end, variable in shape. Internal fasciole conspicuously long, subanal fasciole shield-shaped, with four pore-pairs, pointed at end; anal fasciole extending along periproct, onto upper side, separated from subanal fasciole. Spines uniform. Live specimen brownish, denuded test white.

Global maximum size. Maximum test length 90 mm.

Global distribution. From northern Norway along European coasts into Mediterranean and Morocco, South Africa, Japan, New Zealand and southern Australia; from littoral to 500 m ( Döderlein 1910; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. Samples identified through current study extend previously known distribution northwards towards Sodwana Bay. Differs from E. capense in large shield shape internal fasciole and frontal notch.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755).

FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217).

FIGURE 69. Echinocardium cordatum (SAMC-A 22289). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Side view of preserved specimen. D. End view of preserved specimen.