Synotis alata (Wall. ex DC.) Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 306)

Zhang, Rui, Liu, Yu-Lin & Tang, Ming, 2021, Four new synonyms in Synotis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), Phytotaxa 483 (3), pp. 255-266 : 264-265

Synotis alata (Wall. ex DC.) Jeffrey & Chen (1984: 306) . Senecio alatus Wall. ex Candolle (1838: 368) . Figs. 1–6 .

Type:— CHINA. Xizang & Nepal , collection date unknown, Wallich Cat. 3114/224 (lectotype here designated: G00329618-1, G00329618-

2; isolectotypes: BM000035600, BM000035601, E00414030, E00414031, G00359743, GH00274154, K000009363, K001118584,

K001118586, M0030354, M0030355, NY00259547, P 03750749, P 03750751, PH 00023430). Fig. 2 . = Senecio alatus var. nudicaulis Kuntze (1891: 362) , syn. nov. Type:— INDIA. Sikkim, 2000 m, collection date unknown, O. Kuntze 6946 (holotype: NY00259549). Fig. 1A . = Sen. alatus var. elatus Kuntze (1891: 362) , syn. nov. Type:— INDIA. Sikkim, 2300 m, collection date unknown, O. Kuntze 6697 (holotype: NY00259548). Fig. 1B .

For a full list of synonyms and descriptions see Jeffrey & Chen (1984).

Distribution: — Synotis alata is widely distributed in Bhutan, Nepal, northern India, northeastern Myanmar, and southwestern China. It grows in forests or thickets at elevations between 1600–4200 m above sea level.

Phenology: —Flowering August to November; fruting November to December.

Additional specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Thimphu, precise locality unknown, I. W. J. Sinclair et al. 5545 (E).

CHINA. Guangxi: Baise, South China team 2626 ( HIB, PE). Guizhou: Anlong, M. Tang & Y. Zhang 358 ( IBSC); Nayong, Bi Jie team 539 ( HGAS). Sichuan: Huili, Anonymous 835 (E); Yanbian, X. F. Gao et al. 3368 ( PE). Xizang: Bomê, J. Hu et al. HJ05434 ( NAS); Cona, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 751801 ( KUN); Gyirong, M. Tang & C. Ren 543 ( IBSC), M. Tang & C. Ren 557 ( IBSC), M. Tang & C. Ren 572 ( IBSC); Lhünzê, PE-Xizang Exped. 5725 ( PE), PE- Xizang Exped. 6401 ( PE), PE-Xizang Exped. 6196 ( PE); Nyalam, M. Tang & C. Ren 490 ( IBSC); Yadong, M. Tang & C. Ren 596 ( IBSC); Nyam Jang Chu, precise locality unknown, F. Ludlow et al. 7008 ( BM, E). Yunnan: Baoshan, M. Tang & J. P. Luo 10 ( IBSC), M. Tang & Y. Hong 321 ( IBSC); Binchuan, C. Ren & Y. L. Wang 396 ( IBSC), R. C. Ching 24956 ( KUN); Dali, C. Ren & Y. L. Wang 413 ( IBSC), G. Forrest 28120 ( PE); Dayao, P. Qu 60-071 ( KUN); Dongchuan, Northeast Yunnan Group 595 ( KUN); GongShan, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 33195 ( PE), K. M. Feng 7841 ( KUN), M. Tang 813 ( IBSC), S. B. He et al. 533324180819373LY ( SABG), S. K. Wu 5438 ( KUN), T. T. Yü 20122 ( PE), T. T. Yü 20598 (E), X. H. Jin et al. 2838 ( PE), X. H. Jin et al. ST1322 ( PE), Y. S. Chen 9724 ( PE); Jingdong, C. Ren & Y. L. Wang 428 ( IBSC), M. K. Li 667 ( KUN), M. K. Li 887 ( KUN), M. K. Li 2780 ( WUK), P. Y. Chiu 52933 ( KUN, LBG), P. Y. Chiu 53794 ( KUN, LBG), P. Y. Chiu 53484 ( KUN, LBG); Lanping, M. Tang & Y. Hong 285 ( IBSC), S. K. WU 8912 ( KUN, LBG); Lijiang, D. D. Tao et al. 85313 ( KUN), D. D. Tao et al. 85438 ( KUN); Luquan, P. I. Mao 1537 ( KUN), P. I. Mao 1538 ( HITBC, KUN, PE), Y. P. Chang 21940 ( KUN); Lushui, C. Ren & Y. L. Wang 432 ( IBSC), Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 8127 (E), Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 9973 (E), M. Tang & Y. Hong 231 ( IBSC); Malipo, K. M. Feng 12695 ( WUK); Mengzi, A. Henry 11159 (E, LE); Wenshan, X. H. Li 437 ( KUN); Yangbi, M. Tang & L. Wang 177 ( IBSC), M. Tang & Y. Hong 311 ( IBSC); Yimen, W. Q. Yi 132 ( IBSC); Zhongdian, Zhong Dian Team 1259 ( KUN). Precise locality unknown, G. Forrest 28937A ( PE), K. M. Feng 2841 ( PE).

INDIA. Sikkim: Changu, R. E. Cooper 1019 ( BM, E); Gnatong, R. E. Cooper 984 ( BM, E), R. E. Cooper 3550 (E); Ze mu Chu, G. H. Cave 89147 (E).

MYANMAR. Kachin, Putao, Hponyin Mountains Expedition 171 (E).

NEPAL. Bagmati, Sindhupalchok, C. A. Pendry 196 (E). Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Mardi Khola, J. D. A. Stainton et al. 8468 (E), J. D. A. Stainton et al. 8517 ( BM, E), Gandaki, Tukucha, J. D. A. Stainton 7387 ( BM), J. D. A. Stainton 7477 ( BM, E), J. D. A. Stainton 7796 ( BM); Myagdi, C. A. Pendry 82 (E), J. D. A. Stainton et al. 3612 ( BM, E), J. D. A. Stainton et al. 6674 ( BM, E), M. Mikige et al. 9552204 ( TI), S. Mikage et al. 9552204 2595 (E). Karnali: Jumla, O. Polunin et al. 3160 ( BM, E); Mugu, H. Tabata et al. 13974 ( BM); Bandipur, H. Tabata et al. 23292 ( BM). Kosi, Sankhuwasabha, Chyangrima, D. G. Long et al. 301 (E), D. G. Long et al. 654 (E, KATH), S. Noshiro et al. 9760465 (E), S. Noshiro et al. 9830101 ( BM), S. Nosinro et al. 9830101 (E). Seti: Doti, J. D. A. Stainton et al. 6674 (E). Sagarmatha: Solukhumbu, F. Miyamoto et al. 9580453 ( BM, KATH), F. Miyamoto et al. 9588230 ( BM, KATH), F. Miyamoto et al. 9596434 ( BM, KATH).

Figures

FIGURE 1 Synotis alata. A. Holotype of Senecio alatus var. nudicaulis (NY00259549). B. Holotype of Sen. alatus var. elatus (NY00259548).

FIGURE 2 Lectotype (A: G00329618-1 and B: G00329618-2) and isolectotypes (C: M0030355, D: K001118586) of Synotis alata. Notes: plants in sheet B with leaves aggregated below the synflorescence and with solitary flowering stem without leaves; plants in sheet A, C and D have alternative leaves on the stem, and the plants in sheet A and D with their flowering stems bearing many secondary peduncles that with smaller leaves, while the one in sheet C bears solitary flowering stem without leaves.

FIGURE 3 Synotis alata from different populations. A and B. The valley at the right of Kangshan Bridge, Nyalam, Xizang, China, M. Tang & C. Ren 490 (IBSC). C and D. Pianma Pass, Lushui, Yunnan, China, M. Tang & Y. Hong 231 (IBSC). E and F. Chenwanglao Shan, Tianlin, Guangxi, China, L. Y. Wang & M. Tang 136 (IBSC). Noting that the plants in A, C and E have solitary flowering stem and their leaves sub-aggregated below the synflorescence, while the plants in B, D and F produce alternative leaves and their flowering stems bear many secondary peduncles with smaller leaves. Red arrows show the alternative leaves on the flowering stem or secondary peduncles.

FIGURE 4 Portions of synflorescence from different populations of Synotis alata, showing the variation of indumentum on the peduncles and phyllaries. A. Gyirong, Xizang, China, M. Tang & C. Ren 543 (IBSC). B. Gyirong, Xizang, China, M. Tang & C. Ren 572 (IBSC). C. Nyalam, Xizang, China, M. Tang & C. Ren 490 (IBSC). D. Malipo, Yunnan, China, M. Tang & L. Y. Wang 149 (IBSC). E and F. Tianlin, Guangxi, China, L. Y. Wang & M. Tang 136 (IBSC).

FIGURE 5 Synotis alata from Western Yunnan, China. A. Pianma Pass, Lushui, S. K. Wu 5438 (KUN). B. Salwin-Kiukiang Divide, Gongshan, T. T. Yü 20598 (E). C. Sijitong, Gongshan, Y. S. Chen 9724 (PE). D. Dulongjiang, Gongshan, X. H. Jin et al. ST1322 (PE).

FIGURE 6 Synotis alata from Nepal.A. Dhawalagiri, Myagdi, M. Mikage et al. 9552204 (E). B. Kosi, Sankhuwasabha, D. G. Long et al. 301 (E). C. Bhudrung, precise locality unknown, anonymous 318 (BM). D. Lang Thang, precise locality unknown, A. Maire s.n. (E).