Anthobium nigrum ( Cameron, 1924 )

Shavrin, Alexey V. & Smetana, Aleš, 2017, A revision of Eastern Palaearctic Anthobium Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini). I. Gracilipalpe, morchella and nigrum groups, Zootaxa 4365 (1), pp. 1-39 : 23-26

3.3.2.1. Anthobium nigrum ( Cameron, 1924)

( Figs. 6, 9, 12, 15 , 18, 21, 24, 27 , 30, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 65, 70–71, 74–75)

Lathrimaeum nigrum Cameron, 1924: 170 ; Cameron, 1930: 152; Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1056 Lathrimaeum (Lathrimaeum) nigrum: Scheerpeltz, 1961: 75

Anthobium nigrum: Herman, 2001b: 236

Anthobium (Anthobium) nigrum: Smetana, 2004: 239 ; Schülke & Smetana 2015: 307

Type material examined: Lectotype of Lathrimaeum nigrum Cameron, 1924 ( here designated) ♀: ‘SYN- | TYPE’ <round label with blue margin, printed>, ‘Type | H. T.’ <round label with red margin, printed>, ‘ Gahan 7000`| Simla Hills.’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Dr. Cameron. | IX. 1921.’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Lathrimaeum | nigrum | Cam.’ <rectangular label, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘M. Cameron | Bequest. | B.M. 1955-147 .’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘LECTOTYPE | Lathrimaeum | nigrum | Cameron, 1924 | Shavrin A.V. des. 2016’ <red rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Anthobium | nigrum ( Cameron, 1924) | Shavrin A.V. det. 2016’ <rectangular label, printed> ( BMNH).

Paralectotypes of Lathrimaeum nigrum Cameron, 1924: 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 spec. [specimen without head]: ‘SYN- | TYPE`<round label with blue margin, printed>, ‘Gahan 7000`| Simla Hills.`<rectangular label, printed>, ‘Dr. Cameron. | IX. 1921.`<rectangular label, printed>, ‘M. Cameron. | Bequest. | B.M. 1955-147.`<rectangular label, printed> (BMNH); 1 ♀: ‘SYN- | TYPE`<round label with blue margin, printed>, ‘Co- | type`<round label with yellow margin, printed>, ‘N. India [underlined by yellow] | B.M. 1924-335.`<rectangular labrel, printed>, ‘Gahan 7000`| Simla Hills.`<rectangular label, printed>, ‘Dr. Cameron. | IX. 1921.`<rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Lathrimaeum | nigrum Cam. | co—type`<handwritten> (BMNH); 1 ♂: ‘Gahan 7000`| Simla Hills’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘Dr. Cameron. | IX. 1921.’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘COTYPE’ <red rectangular label, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘ Lathrim [aeum]. | nigrum | Cam.’ <rectangular label, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘ Lathrimaeum | nigrum | Cameron’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘Coll. W. Chapman | in Coll. P. Criveau | MHNG—2007’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ nigrum | Cam.’ <rectangular label with yellow margin, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘ Anthobium | nigrum | Cameron, | 1924 | Shavrin A.V. det. 2014’ <rectangular label, printed> (MHNG). All paralectotypes with my labels: ‘PARALECTOTYPE | Lathrimaeum | nigrum | Cameron, 1924 | Shavrin A.V. des. 2016’ <red rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Anthobium | nigrum ( Cameron, 1924) | Shavrin A.V. det. 2016’<rectangular label, printed>; 1 ♂: ‘Gahan 7000`| Simla Hills’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘Cameron. | IX. 1921.’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Lathrimaeum | nigrum Cam. ’ <rectangular label, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘ nigrum | Cam. cotypus’ <red rectangular label, handwritten in black Indian ink>, ‘Chicago NHMus | M.Bernhauer | Collection’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Anthobium | nigrum Cam. ’ <rectangular label, handwritten in black>, ‘SYNTYPE | teste D.J. Clarke2014 | GDI Imaging Project’ <violet rectangular label, printed>, ‘PHOTOGRAPHED | Kelsey Keaton 2014 | Emu Catalog’ <blue rectangular label, printed>, ‘FMNHINS | 2819519 | FIELD MUSEUM’ <rectangular label, printed, with 2-D barcode> (FMNH).

Additional material: INDIA: PUNJAB: 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀: ‘Naggar, | Kulu. Punjab. | 5,000ft. H.G.C. ’, ‘H.G. Champion Coll. | B.M. 1953-156’ (BMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘Monali, | Kulu, V. Punjab. 6000ft. H.G.C. ’, ‘H.G. Champion Coll. | B.M. 1953-156’ (BMNH); UTTARAKHAND: 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀: Uttarkashi District, left tributary of Bhagirathi River, 30°57ʹ41 57ʹʹN 78°41ʹ54,75ʹʹE. 2300 m a.s.l. A. Shavrin & A. Anishchenko (cS); SIKKIM: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘India: Sikkim, Ratong Chu. 10.000 ft. 12.v.1934. H.G. Champion.’, ‘H.G. Champion Coll. B.M. 1953-156.’ (BMNH); WEST BENGAL: 1 ♀: ‘India: Bengal, Darjeeling Hills, Sandakphu. 12.000ft. 5.v.1934 H.G. Champion’, H.G. Champion Coll. B.M. 1953-156.’, ‘ Anthobium cf monticola Cam. P.M. Hammond det. 1984’ (BMNH).

Redescription. Measurements (n=30): HW: 0.80–0.90; HL: 0.52–0.60; AL (lectotype): 1.72; OL: 0.25–0.30; PL: 0.56–0.76; PW: 1.16–1.37; ESL: 1.76–2.15; EW: 1.67–2.32; AW: 1.48–1.62; MTbL (lectotype): 1.00, MTrL (lectotype): 0.45 (MTrL 1–4: 0.30; MTrL 5: 0.15); AedL: 0.56–0.58; TL: 3.44–4.75 (lectotype: 4.00).

Body wide and convex. Reddish-brown to brown, elytra sometimes with greenish reflex; lateral and basal portions of pronotum and sometimes apical segments of abdomen yellow-brown; antennomeres 3–11 brown; mouthparts, antennomeres 1 and 2 and legs yellow to yellow-brown (sometimes apical part of maxillary palpomere 2 and maxillary palpomere 3 brown). Body extremely glossy, without microsculpture except for lateral parts of neck with isodiametric sculpture. Head with irregular sparse punctation, sometimes deeper and denser on mediobasal portion and posterior parts of infraorbital ridges; middle part of neck with irregular, moderately deep and dense punctation; pronotum with large and deep punctation, somewhat sparser and more irregular on middle elevation and sometimes on anteriolateral portions, distinctly denser near basal part; scutellum without or with several small punctures; punctation of elytra dense, as that on pronotum, denser and deeper in prescutellar area, each elytron with seven to eight vague and tangled longitudinal rows of serial punctures separated by about equal interspaces, lateral punctures irregularly scattered; abdominal tergites without visible punctation. Body glabrous; clypeus with several irregular elongated setae; frons and neck with several small setae; anterior sides of middle elevation of pronotum sometimes with elongated setae; each elytron with irregular and very sparse elongated setae; abdominal tergites with regular very short accumbent setation. Habitus as in Fig. 65 .

Head 1.5 times as wide as long; middle part of head slightly elevated or more or less flattened; anterior portion of frons behind supra-antennal prominences and sometimes in small areas between grooves slightly impressed; occipital furrow between ocelli moderately wide and deep; grooves in front of ocelli moderately deep and long, reaching middle length of eye; head abruptly narrowed toward neck behind obtuse postocular ridges; distance between postocular ridge and posterior margin of eye as long as two nearest facets; anterior portion between antennal insertion and anterior margin of eye with wide, moderately deep semicircular notch. Eyes very large and convex. Ocelli large and very convex, situated at level of postocular ridges; distance between ocelli about one and half times as long as distance between ocellus and posterior margin of eye. Labrum small and short, lateral parts evenly rounded anteriad, apical margin with superficial wide emargination ( Fig. 6 ). Mandibles markedly elongated, with distinct triangular preapical tooth on right mandibula ( Fig. 9 ). Labium as in Fig. 15 . Apical segment of maxillary palp two and half times as long as preceeding segment ( Fig. 12 ). Gular sutures with moderately widely rounded apical parts, narrowly diverging posteriad; distance between gular sutures moderately narrow, shortest disctance between sutures located on level of middle length of eye (Fig. 43). Antenna with markedly widened apical antennomeres; reaching apical one-fourth of elytra when reclined; measurements of antennomeres (lectotype): 1: 0.25 × 0.07; 2–3: 0.15 × 0.05; 4–5: 0.13 × 0.06; 6–9: 0.14 × 0.07; 10: 0.13 × 0.07; 11: 0.22 × 0.07.

Pronotum about twice as wide as long, 1.4–1.5 times as wide as head, widest in middle, markedly more narrowed posteriad than anteriad; apical margin about as wide as posterior margin; anterior angles more or less rounded, slightly protruded anteriad; posterior angles moderately sharp to obtuse; latero-apical and lateral edge with regular, very smooth crenulation; pronotum with very wide middle elevation with irregular, deep semicircular impression in medio-basal third; lateral portions slightly explanate, each with deep pit at middle. Prothorax (Fig. 45) with elongated intercoxal and moderately wide mesosternal processes. Mesothorax (Fig. 49) transverse, with markedly convex middle part, with acute intercoxal process. Scutellum as in Fig. 47. Metathorax (Fig. 51) slightly elongated, convex, with deep intercoxal cavities and small rounded apex of intercoxal process. Metendosternite as in Fig. 53.

Elytra gradually widened apicad, slightly longer than wide, reaching apical margin of abdominal tergite V to basal margin of abdominal tergite VIII, about three times as long as pronotum, with rounded shoulders (Fig. 55), with widely rounded apical margins truncated at suture; lateral portions very narrow, slightly explanated, lateroapical margins with small acute crenulation. Wings fully developed.

Legs moderately long; tibia covered by elongated setae, stronger and longer on lateral margin, with a few strong setae on lateral margin near apex; metatarsus more than twice as long as metatibia.

Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra, with a pair of small oval tomentose spots in middle of tergite V; intersegmental membranes between tergites IV–VII narrow, covered by brickwall-like sculpture.

Male. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII slightly ( Fig. 18 ), that of sternite VIII distinctly emarginated ( Fig. 21 ). Aedeagus ( Fig. 70 ) with basal part distinctly widened towards more or less truncate apex of median lobe; parameres wide, markedly curved from middle toward apex, slightly exceeding apex of median lobe, with moderately long apical and preapical setae; internal sac long, with two fields of sclerites consisting of numerous acute thorns. Aedeagus laterally as in Fig. 71 .

Female. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII truncate ( Fig. 24 ) that of sternite VIII ( Fig. 27 ) rounded. Genital segment ( Fig. 30 ) with wide elongated sternite IX, gonocoxites widened basally, with narrow elongated styli.

Comparative notes. Based on the general shape of the pronotum with deep medio-basal impression on the middle elevation, A. nigrum is similar to A. ivani sp.n., from which it differs by the slightly longer elytra, wider apical part of the median lobe of the aedeagus, narrower setiferous lobes of parameres, and by the details of the structure of the internal sac.

Distribution. The species is widely distributed in the Himalayan part of India from Punjab to Sikkim and West Bengal provinces ( Fig. 74 ).

Bionomics. Specimens were collected at elevations from 1520 to 3660 m a.s.l. Specimens from Uttarkashi District (Uttarakhand) were taken by sifting of small wet leaves and drift near banks of river and from under stones very close to water ( Fig. 75 ).

Remarks. The species was described from unspecified number of syntypes from “Simla Hills; Gahan...” (Himachal Pradesh, India). During the study of the material deposited in BMNH and MHNG, the first author found thirteen syntypes (twelve in BMNH, one in MHNG) and designated the lectotype of Lathrimaeum nigrum . The habitus photographs and type labels of the male paralectotype deposited in the collection of FMNH are available in Arthropod Collections Database of FMNH: http://collections-zoology.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/2819519 (last Access: 15.09.2017).

Anthobium nigrum is here recorded for the first time from Punjab, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and West Bengal provinces of India.

Figures

FIGURE 74.Distribution of Anthobium nigrum (black circles) and A. ivani (white circles) in the Himalayan Region.

FIGURE 75. Habitat of Anthobium nigrum in the northern India, left tributary of Bhagirathi River, Uttarakhand (photograph: A. Anishchenko).

FIGURES 4–15. Mouthparts (dorsal view) of Anthobium (4, 7, 10, 13—A. gracilipalpe, 5, 8, 11, 14—A. morchella, 6, 9, 12, 15—A. nigrum): 4–6—labrum, 7–9—mandibles (left and right), 10–12—maxilla (right), 13–15—labium and submentum. Scale bars:0.1 mm.

FIGURES 16–27. Abdominal segments of Anthobium (16, 19, 22, 25—A. gracilipalpe, 17, 20, 23, 26—A. morchella, 18, 21, 24, 27—A. nigrum): 16–18—male tergite VIII (dorsal view), 19–21—male sternite VIII (ventral view), 22–24—female tergite VIII (dorsal view), 25–27—female sternite VIII (ventral view).Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 65–69. Habitus of Anthobium: 65—A. nigrum (INDIA: Uttarkashi), 66—A. anishchenkoi (paratype), 67—A. conjunctum (holotype), 68—A. densepunctatum (holotype), 69—A. ivani (paratype).Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 70–73. Aedeagus of Anthobium nigrum (70–71—INDIA: Uttarkashi) and A. anishchenkoi (72–73—paratype): 70, 72—parameral view, 71, 73—lateral view.Scale bars:0.1 mm.

FIGURES 28–30. Female genital segment (dorsal view) of Anthobium: 28—A. gracilipalpe, 29—A. morchella, 30—A. nigrum. Scale bars:0.1 mm.