Hadronotus insulare, Ashmead, 1894
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https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2024.2410028 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14342504 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC879B-FF9F-FFC1-9A8F-FF5581EB04F4 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Hadronotus insulare |
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Hadronotus insulare species group
Diagnosis (Based on Masner 1975, 1983)
Eyes with dense setae; lateral ocelli not contiguous with orbits, away from orbits, sometimes more than MOD; clypeus small, corners not pointed; facial striae absent; hyperoccipital carina present; sculpture of frons, vertex and gena generally with polygonal cells bearing rugose sculpture; frontal depression margined by submedian carina; epomial carina generally absent; mesopleural carina generally present, short and indicated ventrally; marginalis shorter than stigmalis; postmarginalis either absent or shorter than stigmalis, rarely equal to stigmalis; T2 remarkably long, at least 4× as long as T3. No brachypterous forms.
Hosts. Reduviidae ( Hemiptera ): Triatoma rubrofasciata , T. maculata (Erichson, 1848) and T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835) have been recorded as hosts of H. triatomae ; while Linshcosteus sp. was the only species found to be the host of H. linshcostei ( Simmonds 1971; Bertram 1973; Masner 1975; Sankaran and Nagaraja 1975).
Masner (1983) observed that the vast majority of specimens of H. insularis collected from Trinidad (West Indies) were found in yellow pan traps, indicating that the hosts were present close to the ground, possibly in hemipteran eggs laid on plant parts close to the soil. In stark contrast, he found males in large numbers in Malaise traps.
Checklist of species in the Hadronotus insulare species group of the Oriental region
H. altmannae sp. n.
H. cookeae sp. n.
H. divergens sp. n.
H. galdikasae sp. n.
H. goodallae sp. n.
H. gowatyae sp. n.
H. hrdyae sp. n.
H. irregularis sp. n.
H. peludo sp. n.
H. randhra sp. n.
H. samantara sp. n.
H. stupa sp. n.
H. taraka sp. n.
H. westeberhardae sp. n.
Key to females of the insulare species group of Hadronotus in the Oriental region
1. Basal foveae on T1 absent; T1 smooth with setigerous punctae without longitudinal costae; T2 smooth with setigerous punctae; entire metasoma covered with long setae ( Figures 9 View Figure 9 (a), 26(h)); frontal depression with oblique carinae on either side of central keel and predominantly smooth with large reticulations lateroventrally; IOS> 1.8× eye length; OOL> 1.3× MOD ( Figure 9 View Figure 9 (f)) .................................. H. gowatyae sp. n.
- Basal foveae on T1 present; T1 longitudinally costate; T2 never smooth, coarsely sculptured; metasoma partially covered with setae (eg Figure 26 View Figure 26 (c–f)); frontal depression transversely carinate, with narrow smooth areas between carinae and with polygonal cells or reticulations lateroventrally; IOS ≤ 1.5× eye length; OOL at most subequal to MOD (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (f), 4(f), 5(f), 7(f)) .................................................................... 2
2. Marginalis very short, indicated as a spot ( Figures 4 View Figure 4 (e), 7(e), 12(a), 19(d)); frontal depression triangular; submedian carina of frontal depression complete ( Figures 3 View Figure 3 (e), 4(f), 7(f), 12(e), 19(b)); mesopleuron predominantly transversely carinate ( Figures 4 View Figure 4 (c), 7(c), 12(c), 19(e)); body size generally small ...................................................................... 3
- Marginalis elongate (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (e), 5(e), 8(e), 10(e), 22(e)); frontal depression generally ovoid (trigonal in H. divergens sp. n.); submedian carina of frontal depression incomplete (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (f), 5(f), 8(f), 10(f), 22(f)); mesopleuron with depressions or foveae interspersed with transverse carinae (except in H. samantara , where it is entirely transversely carinate) (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c), 5(c), 8(c), 10(c), 22(c)); body size generally large ...................................................................................................................................... 5
3. Postmarginalis present; submarginalis of fore wing parallel to anterior margin of wing before reaching marginalis; fore wing at least 2.4× as long as wide ( Figures 12 View Figure 12 (a), 19 (d)); in dorsal view metascutellum bulging as a blunt tubercle and projecting over propodeum; propodeum without a medial notch ( Figures 12 View Figure 12 (f), 19(a)); metasoma longer than wide ( Figures 26 View Figure 26 (k), 27(b)) ............................................................................................. ........................................................................ H. triatomae Masner and H. linshcostei Masner
- Postmarginalis absent; submarginalis of fore wing with a dip before reaching marginalis; fore wing at most 2× as long as wide ( Figures 4 View Figure 4 (e), 7(e)); metascutellum wide and not bulging, anteriorly foveate and posteriorly smooth, not projecting over propodeum; propodeum with a medial notch ( Figures 4 View Figure 4 (g), 7(g)); metasoma either as long as wide or wider than long ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (c,f)) ............................................................................... 4
4. Central keel restricted to lower half of frontal depression; frontal depression wider than IOS, as inner orbits converge dorsally ( Figure 7 View Figure 7 (f)); anterior margin of T1 weakly convex; space between longitudinal costae on T1 smooth medially; propodeum deeply notched medially ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (f)); transverse carinae on mesopleuron closely placed and space between them smooth ( Figure 7 View Figure 7 (c)); submarginalis dips weakly before reaching marginalis ( Figure 7 View Figure 7 (e)) ...................... ...................... H. galdikasae sp. n.
- Central keel extending the entire length of frontal depression with the keel projecting vertically; frontal depression as wide as IOS ( Figures 3 View Figure 3 (e), 4(f)); anterior margin of T1 projecting medially and laterally; space between longitudinal costae on T1 with rugose sculpture; propodeum with a shallow notch medially ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (c)); transverse carinae of mesopleuron spaced apart and space between them with rugose sculpture ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (c)); submarginalis dips extensively before reaching marginalis ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (e)) ....................................................................................................................... H. circus (Kozlov and Lê)
5. Vertex sharp; vertex (in frontal view) above dorsal margin of compound eye ( Figure 16 View Figure 16 (d)); temples absent ( Figure 16 View Figure 16 (b)); metasoma as long as wide ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (o)) ................. ................................................................................................................ H. strongist (Kozlov and Lê)
- Vertex not sharp; vertex in (frontal view) not raised above dorsal margin of compound eye, evenly rounded; temples distinct (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (g), 5(g), 6(g), 8(g)); metasoma longer than wide (eg Figure 26 View Figure 26 (a,d,g,l)) ..................................................................................... 6
6. Inner orbits on frons diverging dorsally in frontal view; frontal depression dorsally pointed ( Figure 6 View Figure 6 (f)); metapleuron entirely densely setose ( Figure 6 View Figure 6 (c)); basal foveae on T2 present; posterior tergites narrowing abruptly ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (e)); entire lateral propodeal area setose ( Figure 6 View Figure 6 (g)) ............................ ............................ H. divergens sp. n.
- Inner orbits on frons either converging dorsally or parallel to each other in frontal view; frontal depression dorsally arched (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (f), 5(f), 8(f), 10(f), 22(f)); metapleuron partially setose, setae either dense or sparse (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c), 5(c), 8(c), 10(c), 22(c)); basal foveae on T2 absent; posterior tergites narrowing gradually (eg Figures 26 View Figure 26 (a,d,g,i), 27(d)); lateral propodeal area generally without setae, if setae present, restricted to posterior margin (eg Figures 1 View Figure 1 (g), 5(g), 8(g), 10(g), 22(g)) ........................ 7
7. IOS at most 0.8× eye length; hyperoccipital carina medially pointed in between posterior ocelli ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (g), 24(d)) ............................................................................................. 8
- IOS at least 1.1× eye length; hyperoccipital carina evenly arched between posterior ocelli (eg Figures 5 View Figure 5 (d), 8(d), 10(d), 22(g)) ................................................................................... 9
8. Submarginalis basally closer and distally distant from anterior margin of fore wing ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (e)); posterior margins of T2–T4 distinctly raised ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (a)); space between longitudinal costae on T1 rugose; T2 entirely with small shiny irregular areas between longitudinal costae; T3–T4 anteriorly rugose ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a), 26(a)); fore coxa brown, mid and hind coxae yellow ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c)). .......................... .......................... H. altmannae sp. n.
- Submarginalis distant from anterior margin of fore wing the entire length ( Figure 24 View Figure 24 (e)); posterior margins of T2–T4 not raised; space between longitudinal costae on T1 almost smooth; space between longitudinal costae on T2 with irregular depressions, posteriorly almost smooth ( Figure 24 View Figure 24 (e)); T3 – T4 anteriorly foveate ( Figures 24 View Figure 24 (a), 27 (e)); all coxae brown ( Figures 23 View Figure 23 (a), 24(c)) ................................ H. wintes (Kozlov and Lê)
9. T2 with depressions sometimes interspersed with longitudinal costae medially ( Figures 26 View Figure 26 (I,J,L,M), 27(d)) ............................................................................................................... 10
- T2 with reticulations or areolae, sometimes interspersed with longitudinal costae ( Figures 26 View Figure 26 (d,g,n,p), 27(a)) .............................................................................................................. 14
10. T2 basally with elongate depressions, at least 5× as long as wide followed by polygonal depressions, at least 2–3× as long as wide; T1 with ill-defined longitudinal costae ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (j)) ........................................... ........................................... H. irregularis sp. n.
- T2 basally with short depressions, at most 2× as long as wide followed by depressions which are round or transverse in shape; T1 with percurrent longitudinal costae ( Figures 26 View Figure 26 (i,l,m,d)) ............................................................................................................................ 11
11. Submedian carina of frontal depression restricted to dorsal 2/5 of frontal depression ( Figures 10 View Figure 10 (f), 14(f)); T2 medially with only depressions, at most with short longitudinal costae on anterior margin ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (i,m)); lateral propodeal area with setae posteriorly ( Figures 10 View Figure 10 (g), 14(g)) ................................................................................................. 12
- Submedian carina extending beyond half the length of dorsal frontal depression ( Figures 13 View Figure 13 (f), 22(f)); T2 with depressions interspersed with longitudinal costae medially, extending almost entire length of tergite ( Figures 26 View Figure 26 (l), 27(d)); lateral propodeal area without setae ( Figures 13 View Figure 13 (g), 22(g)) ................................................................................. 13
12. Stigmalis of fore wing incurved; hind wing wide, at most 4× as long as wide ( Figure 10 View Figure 10 (e)); depressions on T2 small and closely spaced; T1 anteriorly weakly convex ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (I)); central keel on frons extends>4/5 length of frontal depression ( Figure 10 View Figure 10 (f)) ... ........................................................................................................................................ H. hrdyae sp. n.
- Stigmalis of fore wing straight, not incurved; hind wing narrow, at least 6.5× as long as wide ( Figure 14 View Figure 14 (E)); depressions on T2 large and widely spaced; T1 anteromedially projecting ( Figure 26 View Figure 26 (m)); central keel on frons extending <¼ length of frontal depression ( Figure 14 View Figure 14 (f)) .................................................................................. H. randhra sp. n.
13. Longitudinal costae on T2 unevenly distributed ( Figures 13 View Figure 13 (a), 26(l)); setae on metapleuron sparse ( Figure 13 View Figure 13 (c)); submarginalis distant from anterior margin of fore wing the entire distance, and without a dip before reaching marginalis ( Figure 13 View Figure 13 (e)) .......... ........................................................................................................................................ H. peludo sp. n.
- Longitudinal costae on T2 evenly distributed ( Figures 22 View Figure 22 (a), 27(d)); setae on metapleuron dense ( Figure 22 View Figure 22 (c)); submarginalis close to anterior margin of fore wing in basal 7/10, and with a slight dip before reaching marginalis ( Figure 22 View Figure 22 (e)) ..................... .................................................................................................................... H. westeberhardae sp. n.
14. T2 with large reticulations at least 0.5× MOD, all reticulations of even shape and size ( Figures 5 View Figure 5 (a), 26(d)) ............................................................................................ H. cookeae sp. n.
- T2 either areolate or with small reticulations (at most 0.2× MOD) of uneven shape and size (eg Figures 26 View Figure 26 (g,i,j,n), 27(d)) ................................................................................................. 15
15. Hind wing posteromedially projecting ( Figure 8 View Figure 8 (e)); T2 with unevenly shaped areolae ( Figures 8 View Figure 8 (a), 26(g)); metapleuron densely setose ( Figure 8 View Figure 8 (c))..... H. goodallae sp. n.
- Hind wing posteromedially evenly rounded ( Figures 15 View Figure 15 (e), 17(e), 18(e)); T2 with reticulations ( Figures 15 View Figure 15 (a), 17(a), 18(a), 26(n,p), 27(a)); metapleuron sparsely setose ( Figures 15 View Figure 15 (c), 17(c), 18(c)) ............................................................................................................. 16
16. Femoral depression entirely transversely carinate; mesepimeral sulcus not foveate ( Figure 15 View Figure 15 (c)); submarginalis distant from anterior margin of wing the entire length ( Figure 15 View Figure 15 (e)) ................................................. ................................................. H. samantara sp. n.
- Femoral depression transversely carinate interspersed with foveae; mesepimeral sulcus distinctly foveate ( Figures 17 View Figure 17 (c), 18(c)); submarginalis adjacent to anterior margin of wing in basal half ( Figures 17 View Figure 17 (e), 18(e)) .............................................................. 17
17. Central keel at least half the length of frontal depression; transverse carinae in frontal depression closely spaced ( Figure 18 View Figure 18 (f)); mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without longitudinal carinae ( Figure 18 View Figure 18 (a)); ventral mesopleuron narrow, half the width of dorsal mesopleuron ( Figure 18 View Figure 18 (c)) .................................................................. H. taraka sp. n.
- Central keel short, at most 0.1× length of frontal depression; transverse carinae in frontal depression spaced apart ( Figure 17 View Figure 17 (f)); mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with longitudinal carinae ( Figure 17 View Figure 17 (a)); ventral mesopleuron wide,>0.8× the width of dorsal mesopleuron ( Figure 17 View Figure 17 (c)) .................................................................... H. stupa sp. n.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Platygastroidea |
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