Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942

Sánchez-Monge, Alcides, Flores, Lorena, Salazar, Luis, Hockland, Sue & Bert, Wim, 2015, An updated list of the plants associated with plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and its implications for plant-parasitism within this genus, Zootaxa 4013 (2), pp. 207-224 : 211

Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942

Known as the causal agent of the “white tip disease” in rice ( Hockland 2004) and recently identified as the causal agent of the “black spot disease” on beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae ) ( Chaves et al. 2013), A. besseyi has been reported on 90 other plants, ranging from lycopodiums (Lycopodiophyta) and ferns (Pteridophyta) ( Kohl 2008, UCDavis Nemabase 2010) to flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) ( Table 1 , Fig. 1 ). Zhuo et al. (2010) mentioned the presence of A. besseyi on pine wood from China ( Pinus massoniana Lamb. and P. t a e d a L., Pinaceae Lindley ) but the parasitic relationship remains uncertain since, like other Aphelenchoides species, A. besseyi has the ability to feed on fungi ( Jones et al. 2013) and therefore the nematodes are more likely to be thriving on mycelia present rather than the tree tissue itself. Further research should address the association between pine trees and this nematode species. Also noteworthy is the presence of A. besseyi on seeds of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.Webster (Poaceae) ( Tenente et al. 2006).

Aphelenchoides bicaudatus ( Imamura, 1931) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven , 194 1

Asparagus aethiopicus L. ( Asparagaceae Juss. ), Fragaria glandiglora Ehrn. ( Rosaceae Juss. ), Lupinus angustifolius L. ( Fabaceae ) and Setaria palmifolia Stapf. (Poaceae) are listed in the UCDavis Nemabase (2010) as hosts for this species. Escuer & Bello (2000) listed a dozen plant species as associated with A. bicaudatus , mostly monocots (see online database) and was also found in soil from banana ( Liao & Feng 1999) and coffee plantations ( Souza 2000). Recently, Zhao (2006) and Zhuo et al. (2010) listed this species as associated with Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae) , and P. thunbergii Parl. (Pinaceae) , respectively. A parasitic relationship was not confirmed on such plant species.

According to Escuer & Bello (2000) A. bicaudatus is known as a mycophagous species and can feed on algae as well as plant tissue; it is relatively common to find in ornamental nurseries ( Jen et al. 2012). It is also able to grow and survive on roots of rice ( Oryza sativa , Poaceae ) and Phalaenopsis sp. ( Orchidaceae Juss. ) despite the absence of symptoms of infestation ( Jen et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Number of species / varieties of plants associated with foliar nematodes in ferns (Pteridophyta), monocots (Liliopsida), dicots (Magnoliopsida) and other botanical groups