Cinnamomum racemosum Kosterm.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911X615168 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87C9-A22E-EE0F-B16A-FCF5FBC8EFA7 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Cinnamomum racemosum Kosterm. |
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18. Cinnamomum racemosum Kosterm. View in CoL — Map 6 View Map 6
Cinnamomum racemosum Kosterm.(1969) 463; (1970b) 62;J.A.R. Anderson (1980) 223. — Type: Ashton S 18310 View Materials (holo BO; iso K, KEP , L, SAN, SAR, SING ), Sarawak, Bintulu district, Ulu Sinrok, Semilajau Forest Reserve.
Cinnamomum dictyoneuron Kosterm.(1969) 459; Beaman et al. (2001) 399. — Type: Endert 3687 (holo BO; iso L), Kalimantan, West Kutei, near Mt Kemul, river Telen .
Medium-sized tree to 12 m high, to 20 cm diam. Bark smooth, greyish white; inner bark reddish brown; sapwood yellowish. Twigs terete, 3 – 4 mm, apically angular, glabrous, yellowish brown, end of twig often with three leaves that are arranged closely in spiral. Terminal buds not perulate, conical, 3– 4 mm long, densely covered with straight appressed hairs. Leaves subopposite or alternate, at twig-end leaves are arranged closely in spiral, trinerved, coriaceous, glabrous below; blade not bullate, without domatia, elliptic to ovate, 7–32 by 3 –13 cm, base cuneate or rounded, distinctly and abruptly attenuating tapering toward petiole, apex acute with blunt tip and often gnawed, acumen often not distinct, if distinct up to 2 cm long; midrib 0.5–1 mm broad, distinctly raised on both sides; lateral veins raised on both sides, extending to the leaf tip or at the base of acumen; major intercostal veins 2 –15 mm apart, smoothly raised and faint, scalariform; minor intercostal veins obscure, reticulate; petiole (0.8–)1– 2(–2.5) cm long, 1–2(–3) mm diam, glabrous, subterete, shallowly grooved above or sometimes flat above. Inflorescences axillary and/or terminal, 1.5 –13(–17.5) cm long, first to second order branching, racemiform, glabrous. Flowers glabrous outside; pedicel 3 – 6 mm long; hypanthium c. 1 mm high; perianth lobes elliptic, 2– 2.5 mm long, appressed hairy inside, glabrous outside; fertile stamens 1.5 – 2 mm long, anthers 4-locular, ovoid with truncate apex, filaments c. 2/3 the length of the stamen, appressed hairy; glands on a short stalk attached at the base of third whorl filaments; staminodes sagittate, 1–1.5 mm long, with laterally bulging and thick glands; ovary subglobose, 1–1.5 mm long, stigma peltate. Fruits ellipsoid or obovoid, 0.9–1.1 by 0.7–0.8 mm, glabrous; cupule cup-shaped, thick, 6–7 mm high, c. 4 mm diam, glabrous; perianth lobes partially persistent with upper half of perianth lobes abscised, c. 2 by 1 mm, apex truncate, glabrous; pedicel 2– 5 mm long, 1.5– 2 mm diam.
Distribution — Endemic to Borneo: Sarawak (Bintulu and Miri districts), Sabah (Kinabatangan, Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Kota Marudu, Penampang, Pensiangan, Ranau, Sandakan, Tenom and Tuaran districts) and East Kalimantan.
Habitat & Ecology — In various types of forest at altitudes to 1500 m.
Vernacular names — Baulong (Kenyah),Buhau baya (Penan), Kayu manis, Kebu-kebu, Lawang, Medang teja, Medang tiga, Medang tiga urat (all Malay), Sakang seribu (Iban).
Uses — In Sabah and Sarawak, the local people consume a root decoction of C. racemosum to repel evil spirit ( S 60606 View Materials ). The fumes from bark, wood and leaves are used as fumigant .
Notes — 1. After having examined the types and new material identified as C. dictyoneuron (e.g., Jusimin 514, Jamili Nais SNP 3057, SAN 26737, FRI 36251, SAN 48142, SAN 73517, SAN 76182, SAN 94393, SAN 122026 and SAN 127717) and C. racemosum (e.g., S 3711, S 3810, S A 3861, FMS 10182, FMS 48956 and SAN 120498), I am of the opinion that they are conspecific because they show a similar type of inflorescence (racemiform), fruit cupule (perianth lobes partially persistent) and leaf arrangement at twig-end (spirally arranged). The length of petiole and inflorescence, and shape of fruit are morphologically variable within this species. However, the foregoing characters of inflorescence, fruit cupule and leaf arrangement are useful to distinguish C. racemosum from the other Bornean species.
2. Some specimens collected from Sabah have smaller leaf size, 8 –12 by 3 – 4 cm ( Jusimin 389, Pereira JTP 508, SAN 26737, SAN 76227 and SAN 86071). However, other characters are conform to C. racemosum .
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