Gorytes Latreille, 1804

Mokrousov, Mikhail V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2021, The new species Gorytes mikhailovi sp. nov. from Kazakhstan with a key to the Palaearctic species of Gorytes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea Crabronidae), Zootaxa 5006 (1), pp. 169-179 : 170-172

Genus Gorytes Latreille, 1804

Gorytes Latreille, 1804: 180 . Type species: Mellinus quinquecinctus Fabricius, 1793 , by monotypy.

Arpactus Panzer, 1805 : Heft 98, text for pl. 17. Type species: Mellinus quadrifasciatus Fabricius, 1804 , by monotypy. Synonymized with Gorytes by Pate (1937: 10).

Arpactus Panzer, 1806: 164 , junior homonym of Arpactus Panzer, 1805 . Type species: Mellinus quadrifasciatus Fabricius, 1804 , designated by Pate (1937: 11).

Euzonia Stephens, 1829: 363 . Type species: Mellinus quinquecinctus Fabricius, 1793 , designated by Pate 1937: 27. Synonymized with Gorytes by Pate (1937: 27).

Hoplisus Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832: 61 . Type species: “ Hoplisus 5-Cinctus St. Farg.” [= Hoplisus quinquecinctus of Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832 = Mellinus quinquecinctus Fabricius, 1793 ], designated by Westwood 1839: 80. Synonymized with Gorytes Latreille by Pate (1935: 248).

Euspongus Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832: 66 . Type species: Euspongus laticinctus Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832 , designated by Westwood 1839: 80. Synonymized with Gorytes by Westwood, 1839: 80.

Pseudoplisus Ashmead, 1899: 323 . Type species: Gorytes floridanus W. Fox, 1891 [= Pseudoplisus smithii floridanus (W. Fox, 1891) ], by original designation. Synonymized with Gorytes by Nemkov & Pulawski (2009: 7).

Laevigorytes Zavadil in Zavadil & Šnoflák 1948: 66. Type species: Gorytes kohlii Handlirsch, 1888 , by monotypy. Synonymized with Pseudoplisus by Bohart & Menke (1976: 502).

Leiogorytes R. Bohart, 2000: 178 . Type species: Leiogorytes guerrero R. Bohart, 2000 , by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Gorytes by Nemkov & Pulawski (2009: 7).

Nemkov (1990) divided all the Palaearctic species into seven groups and transferred one species to Pseudoplisus Ashmead, 1899 . The new species, G. mikhailovi should be assigned to a separate species group.

Thus, the Palaearctic Gorytes can be divided into nine species groups:

1. Gorytes kohlii species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina conspicuously elongated anterolaterally, extended beyond sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 distinctly elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 without distinct punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Females: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate punctured, with smooth and shiny interspaces.

Species included: G. kohlii Handlirsch, 1888 ; G. schmidti Schmid-Egger, 2002 .

2. Gorytes mikhailovi species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 elongate; second metasomal segment nearly as long as wide; S2 with large, coarse, irregular punctures, slightly concave in middle; terga with scattered macropunctures. Females: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely punctate.

Species included: G. mikhailovi sp. nov.

3. Gorytes laticinctus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not or slightly elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly, slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins slightly convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye at least one socket diameter; pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely punctate.

Species included: G. albidulus ( Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832) ; G. ambiguus Handlirsch, 1888 ; G. laticinctus ( Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1832) ; G. planifrons ( Wesmael, 1852) ; G. quadrifasciatus ( Fabricius, 1804) ; G. tricinctus ( Pérez, 1905) .

4. Gorytes neglectus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye about 0.7 × socket diameter; pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely punctate.

Species included: G. aino Tsuneki, 1963 ; G. neglectus Handlirsch, 1895 .

5. Gorytes quinquefasciatus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not or slightly elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye 0.5 × socket diameter or less; pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely or densely punctate.

Species included: G. africanus Mercet, 1905 ; G. fallax Handlirsch, 1888 ; G. pieli Yasumatsu, 1943 ; G. quinquefasciatus ( Panzer, 1798) ; G. tobiasi Nemkov, 1990 .

6. Gorytes hebraeus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate, evenly slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate with small dense punctures or longitudinal ill-defined ridges between scattered large punctures.

Species included: G. hebraeus de Beaumont, 1953 .

7. Gorytes quinquecinctus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not or slightly elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate nearly triangular, longitudinally striate.

Species included: G. maculicornis (F. Morawitz, 1889) ; G. nigrifacies ( Mocsáry, 1879) ; G. quinquecinctus ( Fabricius, 1793) ; G. schlettereri Handlirsch, 1893 ; G. schmiedeknechti Handlirsch, 1888 ; G. sulcifrons (A. Costa, 1867) .

8. Gorytes foveolatus species group.

Diagnosis. Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not elongate; second metasomal segment shorter than wide; S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga with or without dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate apically narrow, lateral side concave, densely punctate, apically densely setose.

Species included: G. foveolatus Handlirsch, 1888 ; G. procrustes Handlirsch, 1888 .

9. Gorytes pleuripunctatus species group. Diagnosis. Acetabular carina conspicuously elongated anterolaterally, ending near sternaulus level (ventral view); T1 not elongate; S2 with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex; terga with dense macropunctures. Female: inner eye margins conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter; pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely punctate, velvet-like between punctures.

Species included: G. pleuripunctatus (A. Costa, 1859) .