Priva lappulacea (Linnaeus) Persoon (1806: 139)

Cardoso, Pedro Henrique, Valério, Vanessa Imaculada Dos Reis, Neto, Luiz Menini & Salimena, Fátima Regina Gonçalves, 2021, Verbenaceae in Espírito Santo, Brazil: richness, patterns of geographic distribution and conservation, Phytotaxa 484 (1), pp. 1-43 : 29

9.2. Priva lappulacea (Linnaeus) Persoon (1806: 139) . (Fig. 3A)

Herbs ca. 50 cm high, branches tetragonal, puberulous to pubescent, trichomes uncinate. Leaves opposite, petiole 0.7‒3 cm long; blade 3.1‒9.2 × 3.1‒6.5 cm, membranaceous, ovate, wide-ovate or oval-lanceolate, apex acute, base truncate, decurrent along the petiole, margin serrate, ciliate, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent, abaxial surface pubescent, uncinate trichomes, rarely glandular pedicellate trichomes along the veins, margin serrate, ciliate. Inflorescences 5‒ 14 cm long, peduncle 1.5‒3 cm long, puberulous, uncinate trichomes, rarely glandular pedicellate trichomes; bracts 1.4‒1.8 mm long, lanceolate, abaxial surface sparsely hirsute, margin ciliate; calyx 2‒3.5 mm long, campanulate, densely hirsute, uncinate trichomes; corolla 3‒4 mm long, white or lilac. Fruit ca. 2 mm long, echinate along the edges, surrounded by the persistent and inflated calyx.

Distribution and habitat:— Priva lappulacea is distributed from the United States to Argentina ( Kobuski 1926, Moldenke 1936). In Brazil, it is widely distributed throughout the regions North, Northeast, Center-West, and Southeast, and is considered a ruderal species (Moro et al. 2012, Cardoso & Salimena 2020b). In Espírito Santo, it was found in seasonal semi-deciduous forest and restinga, and often occurs in disturbed areas. Not found in SPAs in this state.

Phenology:— Collected with flowers in April, September, and with fruits in April, May, September, and December.

Preliminary conservation assessment: —This is a common species (ruderal), presents wide distribution ( Moldenke 1936, Moro et al. 2012), and occurs inside PAs in South America. Considered “Least Concern” (LC) ( IUCN 2019).

Selected material:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Colatina, 7 July 2005, fr., R . Reis 38 ( CESJ, CVRD); Guarapari , 28 September 1984, fl. and fr., L . Krieger & J. L. R . Oliveira s.n. ( CESJ 24454 ); Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, 8 December 1988, fr., D. A . Folli 3314 ( CVRD), Mimoso do Sul , 5 April 2017, fl. and fr., G. M . Antar & M. F . Santos 1579 ( RB); São Mateus , 26 August 2015, fl. and fr., L . Elias 5 ( CESJ, SAMES); Vitória , 3 May 1946, fr., A. C . Brade et al. 18538 ( RB) .

Notes:— Priva lappulacea is characterized by the campanulate calyx; corolla slightly longer than the calyx, and fruit echinate along the edges.